防御性驾驶培训-02

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,防御性驾驶培训,-改变你的驾驶习惯,Smith System Driver Improvement Institute,Inc.,Arlington,TX 76006,Defensive Driving,防御性驾驶,车辆事故的原因,CAUSES OF COLLISIONS,注意力不集中Inattention,神智不清Impairment,追尾Tailgating,天气Weather,疲劳Fatigue,道路状况Roads,速度Speed,健康状况Health,态度Attitude,经验缺乏Inexperience,其他驾驶员Other Drivers,车辆状况Vehicle Condition,Driving to prevent accidents驾驶以防止事故,Despite other road users不管其他道路使用者,Despite adverse driving conditions不管不利的驾驶条件,By通过,Recognizing the hazard识别危害,Understanding the defence;理解防御性驾驶,Acting in time反响及时,Defensive Driving,防御性驾驶,Show concern for other road users显示出对其他道路使用者的关心,Accepts that other road users will make mistakes接受其他道路使用者会犯错误的事实,Accepts that no job is so urgent that speeding can be tolerated接受没有什么工作可以紧急到容忍超速.,Understands that driving is a skill that requires application of good techniques理解驾驶是运用好的技能的一门技术.,Knows to be a safe driver requires an alert mind at all times知道要想成为一名平安的司机需要任何时候都保持警惕.,Understands that a vehicle cannot be safe unless it is maintained properly理解车辆只有正常维修才可能保持平安.,Knows drugs,alcohol and driving do not mix.了解药品,酒精,不在其影响下驾驶,Driver Attitude,驾驶员的态度,Carry out a pre-trip check,执行出车前检查,Leave distractions behind you,将分心的事抛在脑后,-,Mental,精神的,-,Physical,身体的,Know your route,了解你的路线,Prepare to drive defensively,准备防御性驾驶,Driving Attitude,驾驶的态度,There are five categories of distraction that a driver needs to avoid whilst driving a motor vehicle.有五类影响注意力的事情是驾驶员在驾驶时需要防止的:,1.Scenery distractions美丽的风景,2.In vehicle distraction车内的分心,3.Unfamiliar driving tasks不熟悉的驾驶任务,4.Route problems道路问题,5.Mental distractions精神的分心,Prepare to drive defensively,both mentally and physically.在精神状态和身体状态两方面,都准备好防御性驾驶的准备.,Driving Distraction,影响驾驶的分心,Wears seat belt at all time在任何时候都系好平安带.,Keeps within speed limit保持速度在限速范围内.,Follows road rules and regulations遵守道路交通法规,Signals his intention in plenty of time用充分的时利用信号说明他的意图,Recognises changes in road conditions and reacts accordingly识别道路环境的变化并相应的反响.,Drives with confidence 充满自信的驾驶,Controls the vehicle effectively有效的控制车辆,Driver Behaviour,驾驶员的行为,五大驾驶守那么,Key 1,放眼远方,AIM HIGH IN STEERING,Key 2,洞悉四周,GET THE BIG PICTURE,Key 3,视线灵活,KEEP YOUR EYES MOVING,Key 4,留有余地,LEAVE YOURSELF AN OUT,Key 5,引人注意,MAKE SURE THEY SEE YOU,采用五大驾驶守那么的好处USE OF THE 5 KEYS PROVIDES:,为车辆提供足够的行驶空间,SPACE for the vehicle,为驾驶员提供良好的视野 VISIBILITY for the driver,为你的及时反响提供时间 TIME to make decisions,从而可以:,减少事故发生的时机Reduced Collision Potential,降低燃油消耗Reduced Fuel Usage,减少维修费用Reduced Maintenance,减低保险费用Lower Insurance Expense,消除驾驶时的紧张与压力Reduced Anxiety and Stress,要点1：放眼远方,动物的视野是为了满足其生存的需要确,An animals eyesight is suited to its survival needs,一般驾驶员只有3-6秒的观望距离,Average drivers have 3-6 seconds of Eye Lead Time,要延伸你的观望距离到达15秒以上Expand your Eye Lead to a minimum of 15 seconds,要点1：放眼远方,15,秒观望距离,6,秒观望距离,Second,要点2：洞悉四周,15秒到达之处,每5-8秒扫视侧、后视镜以洞悉四周的情况,要点2：洞悉四周,相关和不相关的物体,改变车辆位置以增大视野,任何时候都保持适宜的跟车距离,If you cannot see past the truck,you are following too close,drop back,如果你不能看过卡车,你正跟车太紧了,需要退后,.,Get the complete picture,获得完整的景象,Observation Space is Vision,观察,-,空间是视觉,要点3:视线灵活,周边视野角度,Peripheral Vision,大约180度的可视范围,集中视野角度,大约3度的清晰视野,发呆凝视和专注凝视,防止紧盯同一目标超过2秒,要点3:视线灵活,要点4:留有余地,防止在车群中行驶,保持四周适宜空间,预估他人的行为,Escape Route,逃生路线,An escape zone around the vehicle,在车辆周围的逃生区域,On all four sides,在所有的四周,This is done by:,由此到达,:,Maintaining a proper following distance,保持一个正确的跟车距离,Watching the side of road,观察道路两侧,Keep attention to on-coming traffic,注意行进中的交通,Observe rear view mirror,观察后视镜,Escape Route,逃生路线,In town and on the highway,dont let the other driver trap you in,在城镇和高速公路上,不要让其他司机将你包围,.,leave yourself an out on all 4 sides,将自己四周留有空间,If he is matching your speed and runs alongside of your either:,如果他跟随你的速度或在你的一侧与你并肩,:,Speed up,or,slow down,加速或减速,Keep your space and,visibility,保持你的空间和可见性,Escape Route,逃生路线,要点5:引人注意,目光接触,警告装置,适宜时机是关键,What is it?,什么是可见性,?,Communication between you and the other road users,在你和其他道路使用者间的沟通,It is about seeing and being seen by,它是关于看见或被看见,Pedestrians,行人,Children,小孩,Animals,动物,Other drivers,其他司机,Visibility,可见性,How do we do this?,如何做到,?,Use your,使用你的,Horn,喇叭,Lights,灯光,Turn signals,转弯信号,Hand signals,手势,Position yourself where you can be,SEEN,将你自己放在能被人看见的地方,.,Visibility,可见性,How to avoid pedestrian collisions 如何防止与行人的碰撞,Friendly tap on the horn 友好的按喇叭,Get eye contact保持眼睛的接触,Look for feedback寻找反响,Check your rear view mirror检查你的后视镜,If in doubt.STOP!如果有疑问停车,Visibility,可见性,牢牢记住五大要点:,要点 1:放眼远方,要点 2:洞悉四周,要点 3:视线灵活,要点 4:留有余地,要点 5:引人注意,观望15秒后到达之处,至少4秒的跟车距离,每5-8秒扫视侧、后视镜,防止紧盯同一个目标2秒钟以上,在四周留出适宜的空间,目光接触,许多车队汇报超过,30%,的事故发生在倒车时,我们可以,防止倒车吗?,平安倒车的五个关键步骤,不必要的倒车,盲区,车辆的设计,缺少练习,缺少倒车前的精神准备,倒车过程中不充分的信息,为什么会发生倒车碰撞,Nine rules for safe reversing平安倒车的九条规那么,Clear the rear 看清前方,Sound the horn before you start to move在开始移动前鸣笛,Reverse as soon as possible never trust the scene you checked to stay the same将可能快的倒车.从不要相信你检查过的场景会保持不变,Back slowly缓慢向后,As you back check both side mirrors在你向后时监视两边的侧视镜,Dont back further than necessary如果不必要,不要进一步倒车.,Always back to the drivers side总是向