资源描述
单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,0,70s 80s 90s,Coal burning Coal burning Coal burning,Dust Traffic,Dust,Smoke TSP,SO,2,Acid Rain,NOx O,3,SO,2,TSP,SO,2,Acid Rain,TSP PM,10,PM,2.5,中国大气环境问题的发展及控制历程,Air Pollution and,Control,in China,Concentration control,P(K)value control,Total emission cap,Two control zones,第1页/共34页,70s 8,1,“,九五”计划,-,目标,SO,2,的排放总量要基本控制在,1995,年(,2370,万,t,),的水平,排放总量允许控制在,2460,万,t,“,九五”计划,-,完成情况,1999,年,,SO,2,控制目标提前实现,2000,年全国,SO,2,排放量为,1995,万,t,,比“八五”末期下降了,15.82%,“,九五”,SO,2,总量控制,SO,2,Reduction in the 9th FYP,第2页/共34页,“九五”计划-目标 SO2的排放总量要基本控制在1995年(,2,“,十五”计划,-,目标,全国总量减排,10%,酸雨控制区和二氧化硫控制区减排,20,SO,2,排放量控制在,1800,万,t,,两控区,SO,2,排放量控制在,1053,万,t,“,十五”,SO,2,总量控制,SO,2,Reduction in the 10th FYP,“,十五”计划,-,完成情况,“,十五”期间,SO,2,排放总量上升了,27.8%,2005,年全国,SO,2,排放总量为,2549,万,t(,目标,1800,万,t),;,两控区,SO,2,排放总量为,1472,万,t(,目标,1053,万,t),第3页/共34页,“十五”计划-目标 全国总量减排10%“十五”SO2总量控,3,“,十一五”计划,-,目标,以火电厂建设脱硫设施为重点,确保,完成,SO,2,排放量,减少,10%,到,2010,年,,全国,SO,2,排放,总量控制目标为,2295,万,t,“,十一五”,SO,2,总量控制,SO,2,Reduction in the 11th FYP,“,十一五”计划,-,完成情况,2009,年末,,SO,2,减排计划提前完成,2010,年,SO,2,排放量为,2185.1,万吨,比“十五”末削减了,14.29%,第4页/共34页,“十一五”计划-目标 以火电厂建设脱硫设施为重点,确保完成S,4,SO,2,排放的控制结果,Emission,of SO,2,第5页/共34页,SO2排放的控制结果Emission of SO2第5页/,5,2,.,减排政策体系,Policy,S,ystem for Emission Reduction,“,十一五,”,减排目标,Reduction targets,其他配套政策,Other supporting policies,管理政策,Management,技术政策,Technology policy,产业政策,Industry&Agriculture policy,技术改造,Technology transformation,清洁生产等,Clean production,产业结构调整,Industrial construction control,总量控制,Total emission cap,环境行政管理,Environmental administration management,投融资,Investing&Financing,项目审批,Project approval,环境保护基本国策,减排政策,Reduction policy,Basic National policy of environmental protection,结构减排,工程减排,管理减排,第6页/共34页,2.减排政策体系 Policy System for Em,6,3,.,减排政策评估方法,Policy Evaluation,M,ethods,前后对比法,B,efore-after,comparison,情景分析法,Scenario analysis,定量评价方法,Q,uantitative,Evaluation,定性评价方法,Qualitative Evaluation,理论分析法,Theoretical analysis method,对比分析法,Comparative analysis study,专家访谈法等,Experts,个案研究分析方法,Case,interview,s,减排产业政策效果,Effect of industrial policy on reduction of pollutants,减排技术政策效果,Effect of,technological,policy on,reduction of,pollutants,减排管理政策效果,Effect of m,anagement,policy on reduction of pollutants,减排其他配套政策效果,Effect of,o,ther supporting polic,y,on reduction of pollutants,第7页/共34页,3.减排政策评估方法前后对比法 定量评价方法定性评价方法理,7,减排政策的总体效果,Effects on SO,2,reduction,年度,2005-2006,2006-2007,2007-2008,2008-2009,2009-2010,2005-2010,SO,2,排放量年变化率,1.55%,-4.66%,-5.95%,-4.60%,-1.32%,-14.29%,2005-2006,:,SO,2,1.55%,2005-2010,:,SO,2,14.29%,Realized the reduction targets determined by 11th FYP,第8页/共34页,减排政策的总体效果年度2005-20062006-20072,8,4.,减排政策效果评价,Effect on SO,2,Reduction,技术政策,Technology policy,Positive effect of technology policy on power industries,第9页/共34页,4.减排政策效果评价Effect on SO2,电力业的,SO,2,污染贡献率排在各行业之首,,SO,2,排放强度也是各行业中最大,GDP,贡献略有增加。从变化趋势看,电力业正在向着低污染方向发展。,Mitigation of SO,2,emission trends,总的来看,各种产业政策对削减电力行业,SO,2,污染负荷起到作用。电力业的高污染得以抑制。,Effects of industrial,policies are remarkable,for power industry,减排政策效果评价,Effect on SO,2,Reduction,产业,政策工业,Industrial Policy,技术政策,Technology Policy,第10页/共34页,电力业的SO2污染贡献率排在各行业之首,SO2排放强度也是各,减排政策效果评价,Effect on SO,2,Reduction,环境污染投资总额虽然呈逐年增加的趋势,但是所占的国内生产总值的比重近年来却有所下降,因此应大幅增加环境污染治理的投资。,Percentage of environmental investment shows a decreasing tendency in recent years.,2009,年脱硫装置运行费用,243,亿元,脱硫装置安装费用,364,亿元,管理政策,Management Policy,产业政策农业,Agricultural Policy,产业,政策工业,Industrial Policy,技术政策,Technology Policy,第11页/共34页,减排政策效果评,主要减排政策效果总结,Summary of,Effect on SO,2,Reduction,燃煤电厂脱硫,2010,年全国累计建成运行燃煤电厂脱硫设施,5.32,亿千瓦,火电脱硫机组装机容量比例从,2005,年的,12%,提高到,82.6%,。,烧结机烟气脱硫,钢铁烧结机烟气脱硫设施累计建成运行,170,台,占烧结机台 数的比例由,2005,年的,0%,提高到,2010,年的,15.6%,关停小机组,累计关停小火电机组,7682.5,万千瓦,提前一年半完成关闭,5000,万千瓦的任务;电力行业,30,万千瓦以上火电机组占火电装机容量比重从,2005,年的,47%,提高到,70%,以上,淘汰落后产能,钢铁、水泥、焦化及造纸、酒精、味精、柠檬酸等高耗能高排放行业淘汰落后产能均超额完成任务,现有燃煤电厂二氧化硫治理“十一五”规划的通知,-,现有燃煤电厂二氧化硫排放达标率达到,90%,-,二氧化硫排放绩效指标,2.7,克,/,千瓦时,-,脱硫机组电量优先上网,脱硫副产品综合利用,脱硫特许经营,燃煤发电机组脱硫电价及脱硫设施运行管理办法,(,试行,),脱硫机组的上网电价增加,1.5,分,/,度,第12页/共34页,主要减排政策效果总结燃煤电,主要减排政策效果总结,Summary of,Effect on SO,2,Reduction,现有燃煤电厂二氧化硫治理“十一五”规划的通知,-,现有燃煤电厂二氧化硫排放达标率达到,90%,-,二氧化硫排放绩效指标,2.7,克,/,千瓦时,-,脱硫机组电量优先上网,脱硫副产品综合利用,脱硫特许经营,燃煤发电机组脱硫电价及脱硫设施运行管理办法,(,试行,),脱硫机组的上网电价增加,1.5,分,/,度,南方电网公司和多个省份开展节能减排发电调度,对燃煤脱硫机组实行投运率考核并扣减脱硫电价,投运率由,2005,年不足,60%,提高到,2010,年的,95%,以上。,第13页/共34页,主要减排政策效果总结现有,主要减排政策效果总结,Summary of,Effect on SO,2,Reduction,第14页/共34页,主要减排政策效果总结第14,SO,2,control level in coal-fired power plants between China and U.S.,Data source:China Electricity Council,Annual Development Report for Chinese Electricity Power Sector,2006-2009,Decrease of SO,2,emissions from power sector,第15页/共34页,SO2 control level in coal-fire,15,Urban air quality has been improved,The average concentrations of SO,2,and PM,10,in Chinese cities have been decreasing since 2005,第16页/共34页,Urban air quality has been imp,Urban air quality has been improved,Attainments of NAAQS class II in 519 cities have been increasing,第17页/共34页,Urban air quality has been imp,17,Air quality in heavily polluted city was improved,Beijing,SO,2,NO,2
展开阅读全文