语法虚拟2013

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Subjunctive Mood,虚拟语气,英语动词有三种语气,用来表示说的话,不是事实,或者是,不可能发生,的情况，而是一种愿望,、,建议，假设的语气叫,虚拟语气。,陈述语气,祈使语气,虚拟语气,We are not ready.,（陈述）,Dont forget to close the window.,（祈使）,I wish you could go with me.,（虚拟,）,What kind of subjunctive mood have we learnt before?,REVISION,（,1,）,1,.wish,型虚拟语气,4.1234,型虚拟语气,2.,as if/though,型虚拟语气,5.,条件句中的虚拟语气,3.,would rather,型虚拟语气,1.w,ish,的宾语从句,现在：,过去：,未来：,过去时（,were,）,过去完成时,would/could/might+V.,should,我希望我和你们一样年轻。,(be),我真希望我没犯那样的错误。,(make),我们希望父母不会逼迫我们做我们不愿意做的事。,(force),REVISION,（,2,）,I wish I _you.,(,现在,),How I wish I_ such a mistake.,（,过去,）,We wish our parents_ what we,are not willing to do.,（,将来,）,were as young as,hadnt made,wouldnt force us to do,2,.as if/as though,后的表语或状语从句,含义,动 词 形 式,例句,现在,过去时形式,He look,s,as if he,knew,the little girl.,过去完成时形式,过去,It appear,ed,as if nothing,had happened,.,将来,The man look,s,worried,as if,sth,.,b,ad,would happen,on him.,would/,could/might,+,do,(,与,wish,相同,),practice,1.They both talked as if they_ friends before.,A.would be B.should be,C.had been D.have been,2.,他谈起巴黎来，就好像他到过那儿似的。,(be),He talks about Paris as if he_.,had been there before,as if,3,.would rather,(,宁愿,),后的宾语从句,含义,动 词 形 式,例句,现在,将来,过去时形式,I would rather he,took,me over the,crossing.,过去,过去完成时形式,I would rather you,hadnt told,me the,truth.,练一练,:,1.I would rather he_,_,tomorrow than today,.(come),2.I would rather you _ me now.,(pay),3.,我倒希望他们那天和我一起去。,I would rather they_,with me,that day,.,came,paid,had gone,_,_,_,4,.,表示,要求,/,命令,/,建议,动词后的宾语从句,常见动词：,一个,坚持,，两个,命令,，三个,建议,，四个,要求,。即,1.insist 2.order,command,3.advise,suggest,propose,4.demand,desire,require,request,这些动词后面的,宾语从句,要使用虚拟语气。,即从句中的动词 使用,（,should,）,+,动词原形。,我们,建议,Tom,去休息,一下。,(rest),他,坚决,要求我参加会议。,(attend),国王,命令囚犯明天要实施,死刑。,(kill),他们,要求我们派他们去那儿,工作。,(send),We suggested that Tom_.,He insisted that I_.,The king ordered that the prisoners_,the next day.,They requested that we_,work there.,(should)have a rest,(should)attend the meeting,be killed,(should)send them to,I,suggest,that we,(should)finish,the work at once,but he,insists,that time,is,enough and we can have a rest.,注意：,如,suggest,insist,不表示,“,建议,”,或,“,坚持要某人做,某事,”,，而用它们本意,暗示、表明,、,坚持认为,时，宾语从句用,陈述语气,。,1.The guard at gate insisted that everybody _(obey)the rules.,2.He insisted that she_(be)seriously ill and that she_(send)to hospitals at once.,3.He suggested that we_(have)a meeting at once.,4.His pale face suggested that he_(be)ill.,obey,was,be sent,have,was,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括,主语从句,，,表语从句,和,同位语,从句,也要使用虚拟语气,常见的词有：,order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire,_,Its suggested that the plan,be carried out,.,My demand is that she,should come,to see me once a week.,All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory,should be,closed down.,主从,表从,同从,条件从句,If,从句的谓语形式,主句的谓语形式,5.,虚拟,语气在条件状语从句中的用法。,现在,过去时,（,were,）,would/could/should/might+V,.(,原）,过去,过去完成时,would/could/should/might+have+p.p.,未来,1.,过去时,2.should+V.,3.were to do,would/could/should/,might+V.,（原）,1.If I,had,HIV,I,would know,because I would feel sick.,2.If I,were,you,I,would give,AIDS patient a hug.,3.If I,had taken,your advice,I,wouldnt have made,a mistake.,4.If he,had been,there,it,wouldnt have happened,.,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,5.If it,should rain,tomorrow,they,wouldnt go,for an outing.,6.I think we,could do,it,if we,planned,it properly and could borrow the tools.,7.If we,were to have,three days off,we,would enjoy,a very happy life.,与将来事实相反,1.,I dont have a,cellphone,.If I had one,_ _for me to get in touch with,others.,(convenient),我没有手机。如果有的话，我和别人取得联系就很方便。,2.,_now,we should read it again,.(have),要是现在有空，我们就该把它再看一遍。,3.,If _alcohol last night,I could have driven my car home.,(drink),（,2011,年湖北）,如果我昨晚没有喝酒的话，我就可以将车开回家。,4.,If I were to do it,_it in a different way.Unluckily,its unlikely that I will get the chance.,(do),要是我做，我就用不同的方法做。不幸地是，我不可能有机会。,it would be,convenient,If we had time,I would do,I hadnt drunk,Think about the following sentences and try to find,something special.,Without the new paints and the new technique,we,would not be able to see the many great masterpieces.,没有新的颜料和新的绘画手法，我们就不能看到很多杰作。,Without the impressionists,many of these paintings,might not exist.,如果没有印象派，那么着许多不同风格就不可能存在。,But for the effective measures taken by the,government during the earthquake,we would have,suffered even greater losses.,要不是地震期间政府采取了有效措施，我们遭受的损失会更大。,_,_,Without,Without,But for,含蓄条件句,中的虚拟语气,1.,含蓄条件句,通过其他方式而不用条件从句表示的假设情况称之,为含蓄条件句,。,用,with,without,but for,(,要不是,),等介词短语、分词,短语或连词,otherwise,(,否则，要不然,),来代替条件从句。,=If I had been given five more minutes,=,If it hadnt been for your help,（现在）,（过去）,（过去）,地球上如果没有水和空气，人就会死。,Man would die,without,air or water on the earth.,=,if there were no air or water on the earth.,如果再给我五分钟，我就解出那道题啦。,Given,five more minutes,I would have worked out the,problem.,要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事,。,But for,your help,I couldnt have done it.,2.,But for John,we _ the match last wee,k.,A.would have lost,B.would lose,C.had lost,D.lost,Practice:,would have lost,But for,1.,当时我生病，