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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2019/3/15 Friday,#,句子结构,句子结构,1,英语句子成分分析,英语句子成分分析,2,1.,I,met,my best,friend,Tom,at the station yesterday,.,主语,谓,语,定语,宾,语,同位语,状,语,1.I met my best friend Tom at,3,句子成分,定义,：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有,主要成分,和,次要成分,；,主要成分,：主语和谓语,次要成分,：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语,句子成分定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主,4,主语（,subject,）,句子说明的人或事物,Jane,is good at playing the piano.,She,went out in a hurry.,Four,plus four is eight.,To see,is to believe.,Smoking,is bad for health.,The young,should respect the old.,What he has said,is true.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（不定式）,（动名词）,（名词化的形容词）,（句子）,主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物 Jane i,5,谓语,说明主语的动作、状态和特征,简单谓语,:,由,动词,或,动词词组,组成,I,saw,the flag on the top of the hill?,He,looked after,two orphans.,复合谓语,由,情态动词或助动词,+,动词,;,He,can speak,English well.,She,doesnt seem,to like dancing,谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语:由动词或动词词组,6,4,）,感官系动词,feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：,This kind of cloth feels very soft.,这种布手感很软。,注意：系动词不用于被动语态,.,5,）,变化系动词,become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.,例如：,He became mad after that.,自那之后，他疯了。,6,）,终止系动词,prove,turn out,表达,“,证实,”,，,“,变成,”,之意,例如：,The rumor proved false.,这谣言证实有假。,4）感官系动词,7,补充：系动词,1,）,状态系动词,（,be,动词）,例如：,He is a teacher.,（,is,与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）,2,）,持续系动词,keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：,He always kept silent at meeting.,他开会时总保持沉默。,3,）,表像系动词,seem,appear,look,例如：,He looks tired.,他看起来很累。,补充：系动词1）状态系动词（be动词）,8,宾语分为,直接宾语,和,间接宾语,.,直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物,.,He gave,me,some books,.,间接,宾语,直接,宾语,please pass,me,the book.,He bought,his girlfriend,some flowers,.,宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或,9,Show your passport,please.,She didnt say anything.,How many do you want?-I want two.,They sent the injured to hospital.,They asked to see my passport.,I enjoy working with you.,Did you write down what he said?,（名词）,(,代词）,(,数词,),(,名词化的形容词,),(,三,),宾语,动作的对象或承受者,及物动词或介词的宾语,（不定式）,（动名词）,（句子）,Show your passport,please.（名,10,（五）定语,修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句,He is a,clever,boy.,His father works in a,steel,work.,There are,54,students in our class.,Do you known,bettys,sister?,He bought some,sleeping,pills.,There is a,sleeping,baby in bed.,His,spoken,language is good.,(,形容词,),(,名词,),(,数词,),(,名词的所有格,),(,动名词,),(,现在分词,),(,过去分词,),（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句He is,11,（四）表语,在,系动词,后的部分就是表语,The war was,over.,They seem,to know the truth,.,Time is,precious,.,Im not,quite myself,today.,That remains,a puzzle,.,I dont feel,at ease,.,（四）表语在系动词后的部分就是表语,12,（六）状语,状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。,I will be back,in a while,.,They are playing,on the playground,.,He was late,because he got up late,.,He got up so late,that I missed the train,.,I waited,to see you,.,He often went to school,by bus,.,His parents died,leaving him an orphan,.,Please call me,if it is necessary,.,This book is,very,interesting.,He went to school,in spite of his illness,.,（六）状语状语的功用：状语说,13,定语后置：,如果定语是由,一个单词,表示时，通常要前置。而由,一个词组或一个句子,表示时，通常则后置,The girl,in red,is his sister.,We have a lot of work,to do,.,The girl,standing under the tree,is his daughter.,Do you know the man,who spoke just,now,?,定语后置：,14,基本句型,（,Basic Sentence Patterns,）：英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的：,1,）主,+,动（,SV,）例如：,I work.,我工作。,2,）主,+,动,+,表（,SVP,）例如：,John is busy.,约翰忙。,3,）主,+,动,+,宾（,SVO,）例如：,She studies English.,她学英语。,4,）主,+,动,+,间宾,+,直宾（,SVIODO,）例如：,My mother bought me a new dress.,我母亲给我买了一件新衣裳。,5,）主,+,动,+,宾,+,补（,SVOC,）例如：,Running makes us strong.,跑步让我们健康。,基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns）：,15,I found the book,interesting,.,Do you smell something,burning,?,He made himself,known to them,.,（六）宾语补足语,有些,及物动词,除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：,make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.,She asked me,to lend her a hand,.,I found the book interesting.,16,1.They are talking.(),2.Betty looks very beautiful.(),3.We call my pet Mimi.(),4.The children were playing happily(),5.Danny can swim.(),6.He has gone.(),7.The leaves is turning green.(),8.Your room should keep clean.(),1.They are talking.(),17,1.,主,+,动（,SV,）常见的,不及物动词,:,rise wait sleep depend rain smile die walk dance,等,.,例句,:,The sun,has risen,.,太阳升起来了,.,2)The,red sun,has risen in the east,.,鲜红的太阳在东方升起来了,.,3)The,boy,is smiling,.,男孩在笑,.,4)The,little boy,is smiling happily,.,这个小男孩在高兴地笑,.,1.主+动（SV）常见的不及物动词:,18,2),常见的作表语的词有名词和形容词,其次是介词短语和不定式短语动名词,有些名词性从句也可以作表语,.,例句,:,The pretty girl,looks,happy.,这个漂亮的女孩看起来很高兴,.,She,become,a scientist.,她成为一名科学家了,.,This book,is,about learning English.,这本书是关于学英语的,.,2)常见的作表语的词有名词和形容词,其次是介词短语和不定式短,19,2.,主,+,系,+,表（,SVP,）,1).,本句型中的系动词和表语二者缺一不可,.,常见的系动词有,:be,become,taste,get,grow,go,seem,look,feel,等,.,系表结构表示主语的身份性质状态等。,例句,:1)They,are,students.,他们是学生,.2)The old men,seem,happy.,这些老人看起来很幸福,.3)when spring comes,it,gets,warm.,当春天来时,天气会变暖,.,2.主+系+表（SVP）1).本句型中的系动词,20,3.,主,+,动,+,宾（,SVO),常见的及物动词,:,love say take sell know call order draw,等,.,例句,She,is washing,clothes,.,她在洗衣服,.,I saw,a,beautiful,girl,.,我看见一个漂亮的女孩,.,Tom,watches,TV,every evening,.,汤姆每天晚上看电视,.,She,doesnt like,her brother,.,她不喜欢她哥哥,.,Speak,English,please.,请讲英语,Will,you help,me,?,你会帮助我吗,?,Most of us enjoy,English,very much,.,我们中大多数人非常喜欢英语,3.主+动+宾（SVO)常见的及物动词:lo,21,
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