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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,异步电机原理,3,异步电动机功率、转矩,异步电机的功率和损耗在,T,型等效电路中的反映,1,、功率关系示意:,(1),输入功率,P,1,P,1,=3,U,1,I,1,cos,1,=3,U,1L,I,1L,cos,1,(2),定子铜损耗,p,Cu1,p,Cu1,=,m,1,R,1,I,1,2,=,3,R,1,I,1,2,(3),铁损耗,p,Fe,(转子铁损耗忽略不计),p,Fe,=,m,1,R,m,I,m,2,=,3,R,m,I,m,2,2,、各功率含义:,R,2,s,=,m,1,I,2,2,(4),电磁功率,P,em,P,em,=,P,1,p,Cu1,p,Fe,P,em,=,m,2,E,2,I,2,cos,2,=,m,1,E,2,I,2,cos,2,(5),转子铜损耗,p,Cu2,p,Cu2,=,m,2,R,2,I,2,2,=,m,1,R,2,I,2,2,=,s,P,em,=,m,1,R,2,I,2,2,+,m,1,R,2,I,2,2,1,s,s,(8),输出功率,P,2,P,2,=,P,M,p,0,=,P,em,p,Cu2,p,0,=,P,1,p,Cu1,p,Fe,p,Cu2,p,0,(6),总机械功率,P,M,P,M,=,P,em,p,Cu2,1,s,s,P,M,=,m,1,R,2,I,2,2,=(1,s,),P,em,(7),空载损耗,p,0,p,0,=,p,mec,p,机械损耗,附加损耗,P,1,p,Cu1,+p,Fe,P,em,p,Cu2,P,0,P,2,P,M,总损耗,p,al,p,al,=,p,Fe,p,Cu,p,mec,p,=,p,Fe,(,p,Cu1,p,Cu2,),p,me,p,功率平衡方程式,P,2,=,P,1,p,al,效率,=100%,P,2,P,1,名称,符号,计算公式,输入电功率,P,1,P,1,=,m,1,U,1,I,1,cos,1,定子绕组,铜耗,p,Cu1,p,Cu1,=,m,1,I,1,2,R,1,铁耗,p,Fe,p,Fe,=,m,1,I,m,2,R,m,,,在正常运行时,异步电动机的转速接近同步转速,转子电流频率很低,(0.5,2)Hz,,转子铁耗可以忽略,因此异步电动机的铁耗可近似认为等于定子铁耗。,电磁功率,P,em,P,em,=,P,1,-,p,Cu1,-,p,Fe,=,p,Cu2,+,P,M,=,m,2,I,2,2,R,2,s,借助于气隙中旋转磁场由定子传递给转子的功率,转子绕组,铜耗,p,Cu2,p,Cu2,=,m,2,I,2,2,R,2,名称,符号,计算公式,总机械功率,P,M,P,M,=,m,2,I,2,2,R,2,(1-,s,),s,机械损耗,p,mec,包括轴承摩擦损耗和通风损耗,主要与转速有关,附加损耗,p,难以准确计算,通常估算约为电机额定功率的,0.5%,1%,。,输出机械功率,P,2,转子轴上输出的机械功率,3,、功率流图,:,M,em,p,mec,+p,4,、功率平衡方程:,几个功率量间的关系:,功率平衡方程为:,P,1,=,P,em,+,p,cu1,+,p,Fe,P,em,=,p,cu2,+,P,M,机械功率平衡方程式:,P,M,=,P,2,+,p,mec,+,p,电磁功率、转子绕组回路铜耗、总机械功率三者之间的关系为:,P,em,:,p,cu2,:,P,M,=1,:,s,:,(1-,s,),异步电动机机械功率平衡关系式,P,M,=,P,2,+,p,mec,+,p,=,P,2,+,p,0,两边同除以转子机械角速度,=2,n,/60,,即得对应的转矩平衡方程式。,T,em,=,P,M,为电磁转矩;,T,2,=,P,2,为负载制动转矩;,T,0,=(,p,mec,+,p,),为空载制动转矩。,5,、异步电机转矩平衡方程式,T,em,=,T,2,+,T,0,P,M,=,P,2,p,0,T,em,=,T,2,T,0,(1),电磁转矩,T,em,T,em,=,P,M,P,M,n,=9.55,=,60,P,M,2,n,T,em,=,P,em,0,=,60,P,em,2,n,0,P,em,n,0,=9.55,(2),空载转矩,T,0,T,0,=,p,0,=,60,p,0,2,n,p,0,n,=9.55,(3),输出转矩,T,2,T,2,=,P,2,=,60,P,2,2,n,P,2,n,=9.55,上式说明,电磁转矩等于电磁功率除以同步机械角速度,也等于总机械功率除以转子机械角速度。,转矩平衡方程:,空载转矩,:,轴上输出转矩,:,电动机的负载转矩为,T,L,,稳定运行时,T,2,=T,L,若,T,L,T,2,T,L,n,s,E,2s,I,2s,(,I,1,),T,em,T,2,=T,L,重新稳定运行,(,n,较高,I,1,较小,),一般,T,0,很小,在满载或接近满载时,,T,0,T,em,因此,T,em,=,T,2,=,T,L,6.,电磁转矩的另外表现形式:,【,例,】,一台三相异步电动机,,U,N,=380 V,,,Y,形联结。,在拖动,T,L,=140,Nm,的负载运行时,定子电流,I,1,=42 A,,,转速,n,=1 440 r/min,。铁损耗,P,Fe,=800 W,,铜损耗,P,Cu,=1 200 W,,空载损耗,p,0,=750 W,。求:,(1),转矩,T,2,、,T,0,和,T,em,;,(2),功率,P,2,、,P,em,、,P,M,和,P,1,;,(3),效率,和功,率因数,cos,。,解:,(1),求转矩,T,2,=,T,L,=140,Nm,T,0,=,60,p,0,2,n,=,N,m,=5,N,m,60 750,2,1 440,T,em,=,T,0,T,2,=145,Nm,p,0,=,(2),求功率,由,n,=1 440 r/min,可知,n,0,=1 500 r/min,因此,s,=,n,0,n,n,0,=,1 500,1 440,1 500,=0.04,P,2,=,T,2,n,2,60,=,1401 440,kW,=21.1,kW,2,60,P,em,=,T,em,n,0,2,60,=,1451 500,kW,=22.77,kW,2,60,P,M,=(1,s,),P,em,=(1,0.04,),22.77 kW,=21.85 kW,P,1,=,P,2,p,Fe,p,Cu,p,0,=(21.1,0.8,1.2,0.75,)kW,=23.85 kW,(3),求效率和功率因数,=100%,P,2,P,1,=100%=88.47%,21.1,23.85,cos,1,=,P,1,3,U,1,I,1,=0.86,23.85,1.73238042,
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