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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/5/14,#,概要写作,Summary writing,概要写作,How to find the topic sentences?,一,.,段首,是主题句：,以,概述开句，随之辅加细说。,给予,例证、解释或说明的段落，首句后常见词,：,for example,，,takeas an example,2,.,下定义的,段落：,thats,to say;to be exact,How to find the topic sentence,二,.,段,尾,是,主题句,：,1,.,阐述一个不太常见的或难以令人接受的观点的段落,2,.,旨在说服读者相信其论点的段落,用归纳法撰写，先表述细节或交代论据，最后做出概括性的结论，以总结性句子收尾。常见词：,as a result;in a word,to conclude,in fact,therefore,等,二.段尾是主题句：,三,.,段,中,主题句,：,1.,引,题或例证,主题思想,解释或进一步给予例证。,2.,段,意转折，一般作者往往把中心意思放于转折后。常见词：,however,but,on the contrary,nevertheless,，,instead,等,3.,出现,于过渡句或疑问句之后。,三.段中主题句：,Getting,up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient times.Many years ago,people thought that if we went to bed early and get up early,we would be energetic the whole day.So,getting up early is of great importance to us all,.,In,fact,morning is the best time of a day.In the morning,the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions.Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than any other time of the,day.If,we do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning,we can build our bodies and become much healthier.,Getting up early has been,Also,we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early.However,if we get up late,we will probably have to do everything in a great hurry.,Let,us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it.If we stick to getting up early every day,we will certainly benefit a lot from it.,Also we will have enough t,查找每段的关键句,Para1,:,topic,sentence,主题句,Getting,up early is of great importance to us all.,Para,2-3:,supporting,sentences,We,memorize things more quickly and,accurately,.,We can become much healthier.,We have time to make a plan and get ready for the day.,查找每段的关键句,Para 4:,conclusion sentence,结论性语句,We will certainly benefit a lot from it,.,Step2,:,Paraphrase,the sentences above in your own,words.,使用自己的语言改述上面的句子,Para 4:conclusion sentence结论,Para1:,Getting up early,plays an important part in,our daily,life.,The importance of getting up early in the morning,can never be overemphasized,.,过分强调,Para2-3,:,It,enables,us to have a better memory and a healthier body.,we will have,enough,time to,make a good preparation,for the day.,A good preparation for the day can,be achieved,.,Para1:,Para 4,:,It will be of great benefit to us.,It will do great good to us.,Step,3:writing a summary,Transitional words,过渡词,coherent,连贯,Logic,逻辑,structure,结构,Step 4:Polish your,writing,润色文章,Para 4:,Sample writing,:,The importance of getting up early in the morning can never be overemphasized.,In,the first place,It enables us to have a better memory.Whats more,we can be increasingly healthy by breathing fresh air and working out in the morning.Last but not the least,we will have enough time to make a good preparation for the day.,In conclusion,getting up early will benefit us a,lot,.,Sample writing:,改写,句子时，理清要点之间的关系，不能简单地照搬原句，即用自己的话改写，做到“雁过不留痕,”。,注意不,改变,原意。,改述方法点拨,1.,同意替换法,.,（主语宾语位置调换）,We can benefit from it=It does good to us,.,I didnt catch any fish,owing to the fact that,I was no patient.=I didnt catch any fish,because,I was not patient.,2.,正话反说或反话正说,.,1.You,will not succeed=You will fail.,2,.,I cant agree more=I agree with you,改写句子时，理清要点之间的关系，不能简单地照搬原句，即用自己,3.,词性转换法,The photo is of importance to us=The photo is important to us,.,4,.,句式变化,法,语态变换,Parents should,give,children more,praise.,=Children,should,be given,more,praised.,3.词性转换法,简单句变复合句,Children should be encouraged more.This will help them learn faster.,=,Children should be encouraged more,which will help them learn faster,.,Children are given more praise.They will achieve more success.,=When given more praise,children will achieve more success.,简单句变复合句,5.,连词衔接法：,注意使用一些短而精的连词,如：,but,and,so,while,however,then,thus,yet,for,therefore,including,instead of,等,We should encourage children.We should not scold them.,=We should encourage children instead of scolding them.,5.连词衔接法：,1,.,表转折：,but,however,nevertheless,（然而）,yet,instead,on the other hand,on the contrary,while,though,although.,2.,表,顺接,、,递进,：,as,well as,in,addition,not only.but also,besides,moreover,also,last but not least,whats,more,furthermore,.,3.,表列举：,firstly/secondly/finally,/.,多使用各种连词,1.表转折：but,however,neverthele,4.,表原因：,because(of),since,as,for,now that,thanks to,due,to,on account of,.,5.,表举例：,for example/instance,such as,and so on,6.,结果,：,so,therefore,as a result,so that,then,7.,总结,：,all,in all,In short,in conclusion,in a word,in summary,finally,in,general,to sum up,above,all,after all,generally speaking,to conclude,4.表原因：because(of),since,as,5,.,句意理解法：,Shopping on the Internet is becoming more increasingly popular.,=More and more people prefer Internet shopping.,5.句意理解法：,Are,you shy,？,If you are,，,you are not alone.In fact,，,close to 50 percent of people are shy.Almost 80 percent of people feel shy at some point in their lives.These days,
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