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,英语,谢谢观看,第二部分 中考语法精讲精练,第十四讲 定语从句,第二部分 中考语法精讲精练第十四讲 定语从句,定语从句是在主从复合句中修饰某个名词或代词的句子,它在句中作定语。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词,(,也叫关系词,),。如,:,The boys,who are playing football,are from Class One.,那群踢足球的男孩都是一班的。,(,先行词,)(,引导词,),(,从句,),定语从句是在主从复合句中修饰某个名词或代词的句子,它在句中作,1.,定语从句的引导词,(,关系词,),常见的关系代词有,:,指代对象,代指人,代指物,既可指人也可指物,主格,who,that,which,that,that,宾格,whom,that,所有格,whose,1.定语从句的引导词(关系词)指代对象代指人代指物既可指人也,常见的关系副词有,:,指代对象,先行词,关系副词及相应的介词结构,时间,day,year,date,time,when,during,which time,地点,the place,the city,where,in which,from which,原因,the reason,why,that,for which,常见的关系副词有:指代对象先行词关系副词及相应的介词结构时间,2.,引导词,(,关系词,),的用法,(1),由,that,引导的定语从句,一般情况下,that,可指人或物,可以代替,who,whom,和,which,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能作介词的宾语。如,:,The man that,(who)is speaking at the meeting is a foreigner.,正在会上发言的那个男人是个外国人。,2.引导词(关系词)的用法,Is this the nurse that,(whom)you talked about yesterday?,这就是你们昨天谈论的那位护士吗,?,The present that,(which)I received yesterday was from my father.,昨天我收到的礼物是我父亲寄来的。,Is this the nurse that(whom),(2),由,who,whom,和,whose,引导的定语从句,who,在从句中作主语,whom,在从句中作宾语,whose,在从句中作定语。如,:,This is the thief who stole my car.,这就是偷我车的那个贼。,He is the boy whom you wanted to find.,他就是你想要找的那个男孩。,The girl whose mother is a nurse is waiting for you outside.,妈妈是个护士的那个女孩在外面等你。,(2)由who,whom和whose引导的定语从句,(3),由,which,引导的定语从句,which,指物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。如,:,The book which Mum bought me last week is called,The,Old,Man,and,the,Sea.,妈妈上周买给我的那本书名叫老人与海。,The house which Lu Xun once lived in is now the Lu Xun Museum.,鲁迅曾经住过的那所房子现在是鲁迅博物馆。,(3)由which引导的定语从句,3.,引导词,(,关系词,),的特殊用法,(1),下列情况只能用,that(,不能用,which),来指代物,:,先行词为,all,much,little,something,anything,everything,nothing,等不定代词时。如,:,I will do everything,that I can do to help you.,我将做我能做的一切事情来帮助你。,3.引导词(关系词)的特殊用法,先行词是最高级或者被形容词的最高级修饰时。如,:,This is the,most,important,task,that should be finished soon.,这是必须马上完成的最重要的任务。,先行词为数词或被序数词修饰时。如,:,You are the,first,men,that like this kind of books.,你们是第一批喜欢这种书的人。,先行词是最高级或者被形容词的最高级修饰时。如:,先行词中既有人又有物时。如,:,We were deeply impressed by the,teachers,and,schools,that we had visited.,我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了很深的印象。,当先行词前有,the one,the only,the last,the very,any,few,little,no,all,等词修饰时,引导词只能用,that,。如,:,He is the only,person,that knows the truth.,他是唯一知道真相的人。,先行词中既有人又有物时。如:,当主句中已经含有疑问词,who,或者,which,时,只用,that,。如,:,He built a factory which produced things that I had never seen before.,他建造了一个工厂,生产的东西是我之前从未见过的。,当主句中已经含有疑问词who或者which时,只用that,(2),下列情况只能用,who,来指代人,:,先行词是,one,ones,anyone,时,适宜用,who,。如,:,One,who has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.,一个无所畏惧的人敢于说实话。,Dont tell anyone about the news who shouldnt be told.,别告诉不该告诉的人任何消息。,(2)下列情况只能用who来指代人:,当,those,作先行词指人时,引导词只能用,who,。如,:,Those,who respect others are often respected by others.,尊敬别人的人也常常受人尊敬。,当先行词有较长的后置定语时,宜用,who,。如,:,I met a foreigner in,the,street,who could speak Chinese well.,我在街上遇到一位可以把中文说得很好的外国人。,当those作先行词指人时,引导词只能用who。如:,有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已经使用了,that,另一个宜用,who,。如,:,The boy that you met last night is her boyfriend who can make kites.,你昨晚遇到的那个男孩是她的男朋友,他会制作风筝。,在,there be,开头的句子中用,who,。如,:,There,is an old man who wants to see you.,有一个老人想见你。,有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已经使用了that,另一个,当主语是,I,he,you,they,等时,常用于谚语、格言中,只能用,who,。如,:,He,who plays with fire gets burned.,玩火者自焚。,当主语是I,he,you,they等时,常用于谚语、,(,复合句,),“,You dont understand me!”I shouted.Then I ran out of the door,1,got on a bus.I didnt know where it,2,.I just wanted to get away from home as quickly,3,I could.,I couldnt believe,4,had just happened to me.My mother,the person I believe in,had just read all of my letters from my close friends!It shouldnt have happened to me.She read my letters and told me,5,to them any more!I couldnt stop the tears from falling,6,I thought about this.,Later that day,I went to my close friends house.,7,my friend gave me a cup of water,the phone rang.,“Its your mother,”she spoke to me in a low voice.,“Tell her,8,Im not here!”I replied.,9,my mother heard it.“Tell her not to leave!Ill be right there!”Then she rang up the phone,10,a goodbye.In fact,I should say that I,11,a little worried.I couldnt imagine what,12,.,But to my surprise,13,my mother arrived,“sorry”was the first word,14,she said to me.Her eyes told me that she had been crying and her voice told me that she was really tired.“Will you forgive me?”At last she asked.I didnt know,15,.I just ran to her,and gave her a hug(,拥抱,).,She held me so tightly.You know,at that time,I felt so warm.I really love you,Mum!,(复合句)“You dont understand me,(,)1.A.as well asB.andC.butD.or,(,)2.A.was goingB.goesC.is goingD.went,B,考查连词。句意,:,然后我跑出门去,并上了一辆公共汽车。,“,跑出去,”,和,“,上了一辆公共汽车,”,为顺承关系,故用,and,。,A,考查时态。根据,didnt know,可知为过去时,由于我正在车上,可知车正在行驶,用过去进行时。句意,:,我不知道它正驶向何方。,()1.A.as well asB.andC.but,(,)3.A.whileB.thusC.asD.so,(,)4.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.if,C,考查副词的比较等级。,asas,与,一样,中间为形容词,/,副词原级。句意,:,我只是想尽快逃离我的家。,B,考查宾语从句。,what,引导的宾语从句在句中作主语。句意,:,我不能相信我刚刚发生了什么事。,()3.A.whileB.thusC.asD.so,(,)5.A.writingB.to writeC.not writing,D.not to write,(,)6.A.asB.sinceC.forD.when,D,考查动词不定式。,tell sb.(not)to do sth.,告诉某人,(,不要,),做某事。句意,:,她读了我的信,让我以后不要再给他们写信,!,D,考查连词。句意,:,当我一想起这,眼泪就忍不住流下来。,when,当,时候。,()5.A.writing
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