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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,英汉翻译理论与实践,A Translation Course,:,English-Chinese,主讲人:张鹏,正反译法,正反译法,7.1,按表达习惯译,12.1.1,反话正说,否定译肯定,12.1.2,正话反说,肯定译否定,7.2,按内涵意义译,12.2.1,肯定译否定,更能传神达意,12.2.2,否定译肯定,更能表达原文涵义,7.3,按词汇意义译,正反译法亦称“正说反译法”、“正反译法”、“反正、正反表达法”,即以“正”译“反”或以“反”译“正”来表达原语的内容。,正反译法,Affirmative&Negative Expressions in Translation,英语中有肯定形式表示肯定意义,也有肯定形式表示否定意义;同样否定形式有表示否定意义的,也有否定形式表示肯定意义的。当肯定或否定在形式与内容上完全一致时,即用肯定形式表示肯定意义,否定形式表示否定意义,称为肯定与否定的一般表示法。,但是肯定与否定这两个方面在一定的特殊条件下又能互相包含,互相转化。在形式与内容上出现了不一致现象,即否定形式表达肯定意义,或肯定形式表达否定意义。,英语中否定大多是用否定意义的词来表示。除了,no,,,not,,,never,之外,否定词覆盖面很广,包括名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词等。,常见的否定形式:,大量使用否定词缀:,un,im,less,形式肯定、意义否定的动词,:,fail to do,介词和副词,:against,hardly,短语等以及其他结构:,tooto,more than,汉语的否定词比英语少得多,在表达否定意义时,汉语没有严格意义上的形态变化,表达形式比较简单,易于辨认,几乎所有表达否定意义的词语中都含有明显的标志性否定词,以副词居多,个别形容词或少数动词。,有时英语用否定形式表达的意义,汉语只能用肯定的形式来表达;英语用肯定形式表达的意义,汉语只能用否定的形式来表达。,改变表达方式主要从三反面考虑:,语言习惯,语言形式,词汇意义,英语中有一些否定句,可根据词句的涵义、逻辑关系,按汉语表达习惯,把否定译肯定,才符合汉语思维和行文习惯。,7.1,按表达习惯译,(Translation Based on Habitual Expressions),7.1.1,反话正说,否定译肯定,例,1,:,An opportunity,is not likely,to,repeat itself.,【,译文,】,良机,难,再得。,例,2,:,Such things are of,no,rare,occurrence.,【,译文,】,这些事情,经常,发生。,例,3,:,The importance of these incidents,was,nt lost,on us.,【,译文,】,这些事,引起,了我们的重视。,例,4,:,He,has,no,small,chance of success.,【,译文,】,他,大有,成功的可能。,例,5,:,Nothing,is,useless,to man.,【,译文,】,样样,东西,都有用,。,课堂互动:翻译句子,注意否定译肯定,1,Scientists could,not,believe Mrs.Curies more.,【,译文,】,这些科学家,完全信任,居里夫人。,2,There is,nothing,else like health.,【,译文,】,健康是,最重要,的。,3,Were almost home;well be there,in no time,.,【,译文,】,我们快到家了;,马上,就要到了。,4,Students,with no exception,are to hand in their papers this afternoon.,【,译文,】,今天下午,学生,统统,要交上书面作业。,5,Styles come and go,but good taste is,timeless,.,【,译文,】,形式随时在变,而品味是,永恒的,。,6,No one,should have,nothing,to offer to society.,【,译文,】,人人,对社会,都应有,所贡献。,7,I ca,nt,wait to see you again.,【,译文,】,我真希望,能早点,再见到你。,英语中有一些句子,句式是肯定句,意义却是否定的。可根据词句的涵义,按汉语表达习惯,肯定译否定,通顺自然,语言地道。,7.1.2,正话反说,肯定译否定,例,1,:,The window,refuses,to open,.,【,译文,】,窗户,打不开,。,例,2,:,It is a wise father that even knows,little,about his child.,【,译文,】,聪明的父亲也,未必,了解自己的孩子。,例,3,:,Keep,off,the grass.,【,译文,】,请,勿,践踏草坪。,例,4,:,She,refrained from,laughing.,【,译文,】,她强忍住,没有,笑出来。,例,5,:,The thick carpet,killed,the sound,of my footsteps.,【,译文,】,我走在厚厚的地毯上,,一点儿脚步声也没有,。,课堂互动:翻译句子,注意肯定译否定,1,She,was refused,to get access by them.,【,译文,】,他们,不让,她进去。,2,The world today is,far from,peacefulness.,【,译文,】,今天的世界,很不,安宁。,3,His noble deeds are,above all praise.,【,译文,】,他的高尚行为,是赞扬不尽的,。,4,The handshake is,rich,in history as a symbol of friendship.,【,译文,】,历史上,以握手作为友谊亲善的象征的,也,不乏其例,。,5,We may,safely,say so.,【,译文,】,我们这样说,万无一失,。,6,The mistake,escaped,in front of me.,【,译文,】,我,没,注意到这个错误。,7,The truth is,quite different other than,what you think.,【,译文,】,事实真相与你想的完全不同。,7.2,按内涵意义译,(Translation Based on Essential Expressions),7.2.1,肯定译否定,更能传神达意,例,1,:,In the high altitude snow and ice,remain,all the year.,【,译文,】,海拔高的地方,冰雪常年,不化,。,例,2,:,The explanation is pretty,thin,.,【,译文,】,这个解释,不是很详细,。,例,3,:,I have looked for him everywhere,except,in the apartment.,【,译文,】,我到处找他,就是公寓,没有去,。,例,4,:,The sun sends out,more,solar energy,than,man can use.,【,译文,】,太阳释放出,用之不尽,的太阳能。,7.2.2,否定译肯定,更能表达原文涵义,例,1,:,Dont lose time,in posting the letter.,【,译文,】,赶快,把信发出去。,例,2,:,There is nothing,unexpected,about it.,【,译文,】,一切尽在,意料,之中。,例,3,:,I could,not,feel any better.,【,译文,】,我感觉,很好,。,例,4,:,Nothing,can live without water.,【,译文,】,万物,生存皆靠水。,课堂互动:注意,正反内涵意义,1,Man is not born to,die,.,A,人生下来就是要,活,下去。,B,人不是为死而生。,2,He will certainly come unless he,is ill,.,A,只要他,没有病倒,,就一定会来的。,B,除非他,病倒,,他就一定会来的。,3,John was,a fool for danger,.,A.,对危险来说,约翰是傻子。,B.,约翰,天不怕地不怕,。,4,Such a chance,denied,me.,A,我被这样一个机会给拒绝了。,B,我没有得到这个机会。,5.She is,just like,a man.,A,她好像个男人。,B,她一点也不像个女人。,6,I deserve it.I deserve that they should know.I am too silly to be,alive,.,A,真是的!我应该让他们知道这件事。我真是傻得要,死,。,B,真是的!我应该让他们知道这件事。我太傻了以至于不能活着。,句子中并无,no,not,never,等词汇,但词汇中含有否定语气,可译为否定句。这类词如,fail,miss,lack,hold,ignore,refuse,withhold,refrain(from),neglect,deny,overlook,exclude,等在句子中出现,就可运用反意译法,这样会使意义更明确。,7.3,按词汇意义译,(Translation Based on Lexical Meanings),例,1,:,A few pages of this dictionary are,wanted,.,【,译文,】,这本字典,少了,几页。,例,2,:,To our disappointment,he,failed,to take the overall situation into account.,【,译文,】,使我们失望的是他,没能,顾全大局。,例,3,:,Your,absence,of mind resulted in this accident.,【,译文,】,你注意力,不集中,才导致了这次事故。,例,4,:,His,failure,to work well worried us.,【,译文,】,他,未,做好工作,这让我们感到焦虑。,例,5,:,Reading is,far from,the only source of knowledge.,【,译文,】,阅读,远非,知识的唯一来源。,例,6,:,This creek is,free of,ice in winter.,【,译文,】,这条小溪冬天,不,结冰。,例,7,:,His behavior is,above,reproach,(责备),.,【,译文,】,他的行为,无,可指责。,例,8,:,I am,below,him in working ability.,【,译文,】,我在工作能力方面,不如,他。,例,9,:,Get everything ready,before,its too late.,【,译文,】,把一切准备好,,免得太迟来不及,。,例,10,:,Ill do it now,before,I forget.,【,译文,】,趁着,没忘,我现在就干。,例,11,:,They had,barely,enough time to catch the train.,【,译文,】,他们,差点儿没,赶上火车。,例,12,:,Einsteins theory of Relativity is quite,beyond,me.,【,译文,】,我对爱因斯坦的相对论,一无所知,。,课堂互动:翻译下列句子,注意各类词的否定意义,1,That fellow is,far from,being honest.,【,
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