科技英语翻译-第5章课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Chapter Five Translation of Numerals,Adj.s&Adv.s,第1节 数词的翻译,表示数目的多少和顺序先后的词叫数词。用法与不定代词相似，用法相当于形容词和名词，句中可作主语，表语，宾语和定语。,数词本身意义不难，难点在于英文表数量的句式表达方式与汉语大异。,Chapter Five Translation of N,1,Chapter Five Translation of Numerals,Adj.s&Adv.s,一、数字的译法两种：,1.直译：针对数目不大的数字，如温度、年代、数量、高度等,There are more than 120 known germination inhibitors present in certain fruits and seed coats.,在某些果实和种皮里有已知萌发抑生物120多种。,Chapter Five Translation of N,2,Chapter Five Translation of Numerals,Adj.s&Adv.s,数词的译法两种：,2.换算：较大的数字，转译为万、亿等汉语单位,Light travels at the rate of 300,000 kilometers per second.,光以每秒30万千米的速度传播。,Chapter Five Translation of N,3,Chapter Five Translation of Numerals,Adj.s&Adv.s,二、不定数量的译法：,所谓不定数量指表示许多、若干、大量、不少、成千上万的概念的词组。以下几类：,1.number,lot,score,decade,dozen,ten hundred,thousand,million等词后加-s，汉译约定俗成。,a hundred and one 许多 dozens of 几十,tens of 十几 scores of 几十,Chapter Five Translation of N,4,Chapter Five Translation of Numerals,Adj.s&Adv.s,二、不定数量的译法：,2.数字前有above,more than,over,up to等，译为“超过”、“多达”等。,3.as as 结构也可表增减，as many as,4.数字前有less,less than,under等，译为“少于”、“不足”等。,5.数字前有about,around,or so,close to,nearly,some,towards等，译为“超过”、“多达”等。,6.from to,between and,Chapter Five Translation of N,5,Chapter Five Translation of Numerals,Adj.s&Adv.s,三、倍数增减的译法：,汉语里说“增加了几倍”是指纯增加量，但是英语里表达倍数的方式很多，有的表示净增减，有的则表示包含基数的增减。汉译时，必须注意其中的差别。,1倍数增加的译法,在翻译倍数的增加时，一定要注意所增加的倍数是否包含基数。如包含基数，通常可译为“增加到倍”、“增加为倍”等；而不包含基数表述净增时，可译为“增加了倍”,Chapter Five Translation of N,6,Chapter Five Translation of Numerals,Adj.s&Adv.s,三、倍数增减的译法：,常用倍数增加表达法及译法的有下列4种：,Increase by n times “增加了n1倍”或“增加到n倍”,Increase n times “增加了n1倍”或“增加到n倍”,Increase by a factor of n “增加了n1倍”或“增加到n倍”,Increase to n times “增加到n倍”或“增加了n1倍”,Now the total installed capacity has increased by three times as compared with that of 2000.,现在总装机容量比2000年增加了两倍。,With the result of automation productivity has increased 6 times in that factory.,自动化的结果，那个工厂的生产率增加了五倍。,Chapter Five Translation of N,7,Chapter Five Translation of Numerals,Adj.s&Adv.s,三、倍数增减的译法：,2.倍数比较的译法,英语中表示倍数比较的句型通常可译为“比多倍”、“相当于倍”、“是倍”等。,常用倍数比较表达法及译法有下列4种：,A is n times larger than B “A是B的n倍”或“A比B大n1倍（净增n1倍）”,A is n times as large as B “A相当于B的n倍”或“A比B大n1倍（净增n1倍）”,A is larger than B by n times?“A是B的n倍(净增n1倍）”,A is n times B “A是B的n倍(净增n1倍）”,Sound travels nearly three times faster in copper than in lead.,声音在铜中传播的速度几乎是在铅中的三倍。,The melting point of this metal is greater than that of copper by approximately 2.5 times.,这种金属的熔点大约比铜高1.5倍。,Chapter Five Translation of N,8,Chapter Five Translation of Numerals,Adj.s&Adv.s,3.倍数减少的译法,在英语里，人们可以说“减少了多少倍”和“成多少倍地减少”，但在汉语里区不能这样说。汉语里只能说“减少了几分之几”或“减少到几分之几”。因此，在翻译倍数的减少时，译文应更符合汉语的习惯。,常用的倍数减少表达法及译法有以下5种：,decrease by 3 times “减少了23(减至13)”,decrease by a factor of 3 “减少了23(减至13)”,decrease 3 times “减少了23(减至13)”,3 times less than “减少了23(减至13)”,A is 3 times smaller than B?“A是B的13”或“A比B小23)”,Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened by three times.,新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了23。,The speed of the machine was decreased by a factor of five.,该机器的运转速度降低了45。,Chapter Five Translation of N,9,Chapter Five Translation of Numerals,Adj.s&Adv.s,四 百分数的译法,英语中用百分数表述数量增减的常用表达法主要有以下6种：,增减意义的动词 by+n%,表示减少的动词+to+n%,N%+比较级+than,N%+比较级+名词,A n%+increase,N%+(of)名词或代词,Chapter Five Translation of N,10,Chapter Five Translation of Numerals,Adj.s&Adv.s,四 百分数的译法,1表示增减意义的动词+by+n%,这一结构表示净增减，百分数可照译。如：,An increase in the oxygen content of coal by 1 percent reduces the calorific value by about 1.7 percent.,煤的含氧量每增加1%，其热值则下降约1.7%。,2表示减少意义的动词+to+n%,这一结构表示减少后剩余的数量，应译为“减少到n%”。如：,The new antenna system uses a retarded wave principle that cuts antenna height to 40 percent.,新的天线系统采用了延迟波原理，使天线高度降低到40%。,Chapter Five Translation of N,11,Chapter Five Translation of Numerals,Adj.s&Adv.s,四 百分数的译法,3N%+比较级+than,这一结构表示净增减概念，百分数可以照译。如：,At the same time,the infant mortality was 40 percent lower than that of the 1960.,同时，婴儿的死亡率比1960年降低了40%。,4n%+比较级+名词,这一结构表示净减数量，百分数可照译。如：,The new-type pump wasted 10 percent less energy supplied.,这台新型水泵耗损所提供能量的10%。,Chapter Five Translation of N,12,Chapter Five Translation of Numerals,Adj.s&Adv.s,四 百分数的译法,5a(n)n%+increase,这一结构表示净增，百分数可照译。如：,There is a 30%increase of our installed capacity with this year.,今年，我们的装机容量增加了30%。,6n%+(of)名词或代词,这一结构表示增减，包括底数在内，可译为“是n%”如：,This month we have produced 140%the number of transformers of last month.,这个月，我们制造的变压器的数量是上个月的140%。,The cost of our power production is about 90%that of theirs.,我们的发电成本是他们的90%。,Chapter Five Translation of N,13,Chapter Five Translation of Numerals,Adj.s&Adv.s,五、特殊数量词词组的翻译,对于英语的数量和数据必须理解准确，才能避免误译。如：,A long hour 足足一小时,A long hundred 一百二十,A long dozen 十三,以上三个数量词词组中有关数量的概念是不同的，可见，对于英语中有关数量词词组的理解要做到融会贯通不是一件轻而易举的事情，有时需要根据上下文，意译这些数词，才能更符合汉语的表达方式。,Chapter Five Translation of N,14,Chapter Five Translation of Numerals,Adj.s&Adv.s,五、特殊数量词词组的翻译,Putting two and two together,he came to the conclusion that mechanical energy is different from electrical energy.,他根据事实推断出一个结论：机械能部等同于电能。(putting two and two together 或 put this and that together可译为“根据事实推断”）,从以上的例句中可以看出，一些由数词构成的词组，其真正的含义并非表示数量。所以，对待数词