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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,C-E TRANSLATION,C-E TRANSLATION,翻译原则简介,翻译的过程,汉英语言现象的对比,著,名翻译家,常,用翻译技巧,常见文体的翻译,目录,：,翻译课程不仅仅要讲翻译实践，而且还应该讲翻译历史与翻译理论，这三者的关系应该是平等互动的关系，不能偏废。翻译史是对翻译理论和翻译实践的线性总结，翻译理论是在不同的历史时期对翻译实践的总结归纳和升华，而翻译实践则是翻译理论和翻译历史的基础。没有翻译实践，无论翻译理论还是翻译历史都无从谈起。,林克难,翻译原则简介目录：翻译课程不仅,1,翻译的定义和内涵,：,译史译论译作并重,经,验科学中西合璧,林克难,1翻译的定义和内涵：译史译论译作并重经验科学中西合璧林,2,中国几位翻译家的理论,严复：信达雅,傅雷：神似,钱钟书：化境,刘重德：信、达、切,2中国几位翻译家的理论严复：信达雅,3,中国翻译史上的论争,鲁迅：宁信而不顺,目的：引入英文句式的表达法,梁实秋、赵景深：宁顺而不信,目的：可读性强，便于交流,。,翻译理论的学习：,“细读原作，理清脉络，实际，勤（善）于思索。”,林克难（天津外国语大学）,3中国翻译史上的论争鲁迅：宁信而不顺 翻译理论的学习：“,4,归化与异化,归化派代表人物,:,尤金奈达（Eugene,A.Nida）,异化派代表人物,:,韦努蒂,（Lawrence Venuti）,All roads lead to Rome:,条条大道通罗马,不能译成：殊途同归,To teach ones grandmother to eat eggs:,教老祖母吃鸡蛋,不能译成：班门弄斧,If I slapped someone,h,e would see the,way to Cracow:,要是我给谁一巴掌，准会把他扇到克拉科去。,不能：一巴掌扇到西天去。,4归化与异化,1.,增译法,(Amplification,),知己知彼，百战不殆；,不知彼而知己，一胜一负；,不知己不知彼，每战必殆。,（若）知己（而又）知彼，（则）百战不殆；（若）不知彼而知己，（则）（将）一胜（及）一负；（若）不知己（而又）不知彼，（则）每战（将）必殆。,You,can fight a hundred battles without defeat,if you,know the enemy,as well as,yourself.,You,will win one battle and lose one battle,if you,know yourself but leave yourself in the dark about the enemy.,You,will lose every battle,if you,leave both the enemy and yourself in the dark.,1.增译法 (Amplification)知己知彼,他跑来跑去的寻。他想寻一个窟穴，躲了身子，将石子堵了穴口，隐隐的蜕壳。他知道外面蜕壳是危险的。身子还软，要被别的螃蟹吃去的。这并非害怕，他实在亲眼见过,。,He dashed here and there,in search of,a cave,to,hide.He was going to block up the mouth of the cave,so that,he could moult in secret.He knew it would be very dangerous to shed his shell in the open,because,with,his new shell still being soft,he might be eaten up by other crabs.This fear was not groundless,for,he himself had really seen it happen to other moulting crabs.,他跑来跑去的寻。他想寻一个窟穴，躲了身子，将石子堵了穴口,2.,省译法（,Omission,）,我们必须培养分析,问题,、,解决,问题,的能力,。,她,看看,我，又,看看,其他人，没有说话。,我们必须,坚持,社会主义道路,，,坚持,人民民主专政，,坚持,共产党的领导，,坚持,马列主义、毛泽东思想。,We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve,problems,.,He,looked at,me,and then at the others,and said nothing.,We must,adhere to,the socialist road,the peoples democratic dictatorship,the munist Partys leadership and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.,2.省译法（Omission）我们必须培养分析问题、解决,多年来那个国家一直有严重的失业,现象,。,For many years unemployment has been rampant in that country.,中国的现代化,建设,离不开与世界各国的经济合作与贸易往来,。,Chinas modernization is inseparable from her economic cooperation and trade ties with other nations,我们要逐步推进商业、外贸、金融、保险、证券、电信、旅游和中介服务等,领域,的对外开放,。,merce,foreign trade,banking,insurance,securities,telemunications,tourism and intermediary services should be gradually opened to the outside world.,多年来那个国家一直有严重的失业现象。,依法,严厉,打击各种犯罪活动，,坚决,扫除黄赌毒等社会丑恶,现象,。,We must crack down on all criminal activities according to the law and eradicate such social evils as pornography,gambling and drug abuse and trafficking.,我们,强烈,要求美国政府就此次事件向中国郑重道歉,。,We demand that US government apologize to China for this incident.,只有,充分,发展商品经济，才能把经济,真正,搞活，使各企业增加效率。,The development of a modity economy is the only way to invigorate our economy and prompt enterprises to raise their efficiency,依法严厉打击各种犯罪活动，坚决扫除黄赌毒等社会丑恶现象。,3.,词类转换（,Conversion,）,(4),此路,不通,No thoroughfare!,(5),不准,入内,！,No entry!,(6),绝对不许,违反,这个原则。,No violation of this principle can be tolerated.,巴黎圣母院,Cathedral of Notre Dame,Paris,非公莫,入,！,No admittance except on business!,(2),不准,拍照,！,No camera!,(3),照常,营业,。,Business as usual.,3.词类转换（Conversion）(4)此路不通 巴黎,7),回想,起这些事情，使他的生活增添了乐趣。,a.To remember these will add zest to his life.,b.The remembrance of these will add zest to his life.,8),我们决不,满足,于现在的成就。,We are not content with our present achievements,.,7)回想起这些事情，使他的生活增添了乐趣。,9),朱总理，中央及有关部委领导同志，在华外国专家,出席,了宴会,Present at the banquet were Premier Zhu,leading figures of the central government and the relevant ministries and missions,and foreign experts working in China.,10),空气是这样的青香，使人胸脯里感到分外,凉爽,、,舒畅,。,The air was fresh and fragrant;it gave people a feeling of exceptional coolness and fort,.,9)朱总理，中央及有关部委领导同志，在华外国专家出席了宴会,4.,正说反译、反说正译,他安然无恙地回来了,。,He returned safe and sound,.,据悉联军给养不足,。,It is reported that the coalition troops are short of supplies,.,他没有再言语，听任老板在那里滔滔不绝,。,Withholding his opinion for the moment,he listened to his boss holding forth,.,外表往往是靠不住的,。,Appearances are often deceptive,.,美国不失体面地接受了这项和平方案,。,The U.S.A accepted the peace proposal with dignity,.,4.正说反译、反说正译他安然无恙地回来了。,我完全同意,。,I cant agree with you more.,你们大错特错了,。,We couldnt be more mistaken.,他为这件事竭尽全力,。,He spared no pains doing this.,她对他百依百顺,。,She denied him nothing.,当生活出现小,摩擦,时，美国人并不去考虑是谁的责任，只要给对方带来不方便，都要说一声,sorry.,When conflict occurs in everyday life,Americans,instead of considering whose responsibility it is,will say sorry,so long as it brings inconvenience to others.,我完全同意。,A.,一天男神为了表达自己的爱慕之情，特意送了一面又大又亮的神镜给女神。女神在接过神镜时，由于心情过于激动，镜子竟然从她颤抖的手中滑落，掉到山下，碎成了,108,块，从此给九寨沟留下了,108,个形态各异、晶晶闪亮的湖泊。,练习,B.,当前，我国农业发展又处在一个关键时期。今年要按照统筹城乡发展的要求，采取更直接、更有力的政策措施，加强农业，支持农业，保护农业，努力增加农民收入。,解决农业、农村和农民问题，是我们全部工作的重中之重。,A.一天男神为了表达自己的爱慕之情，特意送了一,One day the god presented a big and shiny divine mirror to the goddess as a token of love.The god
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