American-Literature-Review剖析

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,American Literature,review,colonialism)第一局部 殖民主义时期的文学,一、时期综述,1、清教徒承受的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记 b、journals 游记,2、清教徒在美国的写作内容：,1their voyage to the new land,2)adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops,3)about dealing with Indians,4)guide to the new land,endless bounty,invitation to bold spirit,3、清教徒的思想：,1puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式,2)wishto restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology.重建教堂，供给简洁效劳，建立神圣地位,3look upon themselves as chosen people,and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God”s will and is not to be accepted.认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝,4puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated.反对欢快和艺术的追求到了特殊荒唐的地步,5religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严峻的一面，无视上帝慈祥的一面。,.,4,、典型的清教徒：,John Cotton&Roger William,他们的不同：,John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy;William begins the history of religious toleration in America.,6,、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：,Anne Bradstreet,7,、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：,the best of Puritan poets is Edward Taylor,8,、,Hard work,thrift,piety and sobriety,were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing.,9,、,The work of two writers,Anne Bradstreet&Edward Taylor,rose to the level of real poetry.,10,、,The earliest settlers included,Dutch,Swedes,Germans,French,Spaniards Italian,and Portuguese.,美国文学史复习2the age of reasonandrevolution),一、美国的性质：,The war for Independence ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic-the United States of America.联邦的资产阶级民主共和国-美利坚合众国。,二、代表作家：,1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明富兰克林 1706-1790,1“Poor Richard”s Almanac“穷人查理德的年鉴 annual collection of proverbs 流行谚语集,It soon became the most popular book of its kind,largely because of Franklin”s shrewd humor,and first spread his reputation.,2As an author he had power of expression,simplicity,a subtle humor,sarcastic.作为作家具有非凡的才能，表达简洁明白，幽默，挖苦天才、,3)The Autobiography自传 18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传,2、Thomas Paine 托马斯佩因(1737-1809)“Great Common of Mankind“最平凡的人,1famous pamphlet“Common Sense“著名的政治小册子常识 it boldly advocated a“Declaration for Independence“,and brought the separatist agitation to a crisis.拥护独立宣言，是分裂活动进展成最终危机。,2Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代,3,、,Thomas Jefferson,托马斯,杰弗逊,1drafted the Declaration of Independence.起草了独立宣言,2与清教徒不同，主见追求幸福。All Men are created equal,that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights,that among these are Life,Liberty and the Pursuit of happiness.人人生而公正，他们都从“造物主”那边被赐予了某些不行转让的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。,4.Philip Freneau,菲利普,费瑞诺,poet and political journalist,1perhaps the most outstanding writer of the post-revolutionary period.,2)has been called the“Father of American Poetry”美国诗歌之父,Works:The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-同类诗中最正确；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地,美国文学史复习3Romanticism),(一)、文学特征：,1、Environment:,1)shaped by their New World environment 美洲大陆新环境,2array of ideas inherited from the romantic traditions of Europe 欧洲早期浪漫主义思潮,2、美国文学特点：,pluralism多元化 manifestations varied 表现形式多样 Individualism个人主义 conflict 冲突,3、Romanticism的特点：frequently shared certain general characteristics,moral enthusiasm,faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception,and a presumption that the natural world was a source of corruption.浪漫主义之间大多是相通的，都留意道德，强调个人主义价值观和直觉感受，并且认为自然是美的源头，人类社会是腐败之源。,二、代表作家：,1、Washington Irving华盛顿.欧文 the first great belletrist 第一个纯文学作家，划线局部为三个主要contribution,the first great prose stylist of American romanticism.美国第一位浪漫主义散文文体作家,“Sketch Book”见闻札记,the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature.现代文学史上第一部短篇小说和美国第一部宏大的青少年文学读物。The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传奇-使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；,Irving restored the waning Gothic romances which Poe soon infused with psychological subtleties.重振了没落的哥特式浪漫主义小说，随后坡在此根底上，把心理学的一些学问融入了这种体裁。,2,、,James Fenimore Cooper,詹姆斯,.,芬尼莫,.,库珀,contribution:launched two kinds of immensely popular stories the sea adventure tale and the frontier saga 开创了两种流传极广的小说体裁，边疆传奇小说和海上传奇小说。,“Leatherstocking Tales”皮袜子故事集，包括“The Deerslayer”杀鹿者、“The Last of the Mohicans”最终的莫希干人、“The Pathfinder”探路人、“The Pioneers”拓荒者、“The Prairie”大草原,regard as“the nearest approach yet to an American epic.”被认为是迄今为止美国最接近史诗的作品。,The Spy 间谍 The Pilot 领航者 The Littlepage Manuscripts 利特佩奇的手稿,3,、,William Cullen Bryant,威廉,.,卡伦,.,布莱恩特,poet,诗人,Bryant demonstrated to European readers that American poetry was ready to demand serious attention.布莱恩特向欧洲读者证明白美国的诗歌到达相当高的水平。,He was the first American to gain the stature of a major poet.第一个获得美国主要诗人称号的作家。,“To a Waterfowl”致水鸟the most perfect brief poem in the language.用美国英语写作的最完善的短诗。,二、Transcendentalism 超验主义,1as a moral philosophy,transcendentalism was neither logical nor systematized.It