语法专题12虚拟语气ppt课件

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,走向高考 高考总复习 英语,高三册 Unit 9-12 SB,首页,上页,下页,末页,考 点 精 析,考 点 训 练,语法专题十二虚拟语气,语法专题十二虚拟语气,虚拟语气主要考查虚拟语气的概念(表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实)及其用法。,1条件状语从句中的虚拟,(1)条件从句与现在事实不一致时的句型：If主语过去时，主语should(could, would，或might)动词原形。,(2)条件从句与过去事实不一致时的句型：If主语had过去分词，主语should(could, would，或might)have过去分词。,虚拟语气主要考查虚拟语气的概念(表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测,(3)条件从句与将来事实不一致时的句型：If主语过去时/should动词原形/were to动词原形，主语should(could, would，或might)动词原形。,(4)根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都要遵守上述句型。,(5)在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将were, had, should用于句首，引起倒装。,(3)条件从句与将来事实不一致时的句型：If主语过去时/,2名词性从句中的虚拟语气,(1)主语从句中的虚拟语气。主要取决于某些形容词和过去分词，用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等。其形式为：(should)动词原形。这样用的形容词有：appropriate适当的；advisable适当的，合理的；better较好的；desirable理想的；essential精华的；imperative迫切的；important重要的；insistent坚持的；natural自然的；necessary必要的；preferable优越的，较好的；strange奇怪的；urgent紧迫的；vital极其重要的，过去分词有：desired, demanded, ordered, requested, suggested, recommended, required等。,2名词性从句中的虚拟语气,(2)表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气。在表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气。其形式为：(should)动词原形。常这样用的名词有：resolution决心，决议pray恳求decision决议motion提议suggestion建议preference选择proposal提议advice劝告recommendation推荐desire愿望demand要求requirement要求order命令necessity必要性request要求idea主意、想法。,(2)表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气。在表示建议、命令、主,(3)某些动词后所接宾语从句中的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气，用来表示建议、命令和要求等。其形式为：(should)动词原形。常这样用的动词有：ask要求advise劝告determine决定decide决定command命令insist坚持intend打算move提议prefer宁愿propose提议order命令recommend推荐request要求require要求suggest建议urge主张demand要求desire渴望direct命令等。,(3)某些动词后所接宾语从句中的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气，用来,3虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句,(1)Its time句型：当Its time后用that从句时应该用should动词原形，或用过去式。,(2)If only引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish宾语从句”。,(3)would rather, as if(though)引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时。,(4)without, but, but for, but that, otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。,3虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句,(5)If it were not for./If it hadnt been for.(要不是因为)，其后面的主句也需使用虚拟。,(6)wish后的宾语从句：表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish主语动词过去式或were表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish主语had过去分词表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish主语would动词原形。,(5)If it were not for./If it,注意：在解虚拟语气题时，应注意下列问题：,1弄清虚拟语气的概念；,2分清是虚拟语气还是陈述语气；,3虚拟语气在各种句式中的构成；,4看清混合条件句中表示时间的关键词；,5,注意前后句的暗示，准确判断属哪种情形的虚拟语气。,注意：在解虚拟语气题时，应注意下列问题：,1.,(2009浙江),The doctor recommended that you _ swim after eating a large meal.,A. wouldnt B. couldnt,C. neednt D. shouldnt,D。考查虚拟语气。recommend, suggest, demand等词后面的宾语从句应该用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语动词用“shoulddo”， should可以省略。故这里选D项。,1.(2009浙江)The doctor recommen,2(2009天津)This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.,A. would B. should,C. could D. might,B。考查虚拟语气。句意：这种打印机质量优良。如果它在第一年中出了毛病，我们将无偿维修。这是在条件句中对将来情况的虚拟，用should动词原形。,2(2009天津)This printer is of,3,(2009安徽),But for their help, we _ the program in time.,A. can not finish B. will not finish,C. had not finished D. could not have finished,D。考查虚拟语气。but for相当于without，可以用if引导的非真实条件句替换。由句意可知，这里表达的是与过去事实相反的情况，所以用could nothave done，表示“过去不可能做了某事”。,3(2009安徽)But for their help,4(2009福建)But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.,A. would not win B. would not have won,C. would win D. would have won,B。考查虚拟语气。句中but for一词给出了暗示：没有英语老师的帮助，自己不会在英语写作竞赛中获奖是对过去的虚拟，需用“情态动词have done”结构，而D项逻辑错误。,4(2009福建)But for the help of,5,(2009海淀区期中),We _ last night, but we went to appreciate the flowerbeds and streetlights in Tians anmen Square instead.,A. might study B. could study,C. should have studied D. must have studied,C。考查虚拟语气。依据题干中的last night可知，A、B两项错误，此处不是表猜测；而must have done表“一定做过某事”；should have done表“本应该做某事而实际上没做”。,5(2009海淀区期中)We _ last n,6(2009泉州毕业班质检)Mike, its a pity you didnt come to last nights concert. It was really great!,Really? If I _ so busy, I would have gone with you.,A. hadnt been B. werent,C. shouldnt be D. wouldnt be,A。根据语境可知，这是一个if引导的虚拟条件句，在表示与过去事实相反的假设时，从句要用过去完成时，故A项正确。,6(2009泉州毕业班质检)Mike, its a,7,(2009潍坊教学检测),How I wish I _ my mouth before I shouted at my mum!,A. shut B. have shut,C. had shut D. would shut,C。该题考查虚拟语气。wish后跟从句，从句要用虚拟语气，因为后面是过去时，故此处表示与过去事实相反，要用过去完成时。,7(2009潍坊教学检测)How I wish I _,8(2009东北三校联合模拟)Why are you so late?,I got stuck in the traffic jam, or I _ earlier.,A. arrived B. have arrived,C. would arrive D. would have arrived,D。考查虚拟语气。答句句意为“我遇到交通堵塞了，否则我就可以早一点到”。言外之意是如果不是交通堵塞，就可以早点到达，因此此处是虚拟语气，相当于“If I hadnt got stuck in the traffic jam, I would have arrived earlier.”。,8(2009东北三校联合模拟)Why are you,9,(2009南昌调研),If you _ that film late last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy.,A. didnt see B. havent seen,C. wouldnt have seen D. hadnt seen,D。考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你昨晚没有熬夜看那部电影，那么(现在)你就不会这么困了。题干中的时间状语last night暗示从句陈述的是与过去事实相反的情况，因此从句应用过去完成时。,9(2009南昌调研)If you _ tha,10(2009南京调研)Dad, can I surf the Internet?,Again? I wish that you _ going online _ your health.,A. know; will do harm to B. knew; is doing harm to,C. know; have done harm to D. knew; were doing harm to,B。本题中wish后的宾语从句通常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的愿望。,10(2009南京调研)Dad, can I surf,11,(2009南昌调研),If he _ his legs in the last training, he _ the coming World Cup, which he has been longing to compete in.,A. didnt hurt; would go in for,B. hadnt hurt; would have taken part in,C. hadnt hurt; would join in,D. didnt hurt; would have taken part in,C。考查虚拟语气。in the last training暗示第一空是对过去的虚拟，从句应该用过去完成时，又根据主句中the coming World Cup可知第二空表示对将来的虚拟，所以应该用would动词原形。,11(2009南昌调研)If he _ his,12(2009西安八校联考)_ in my present work, I would be quite willing to do what you ask me to.,A. If I am not engaged B. Were I not engaged,C. If I dont engage D. Didnt I engage,B。由“I would be quite willing to do.”可知这个句子用了虚拟语气，而且是对现在的虚拟，条件句要用一般过去时，即：If I were not engaged in my present work，但是选项中没有这样的答案。这里考查省略了if的虚拟条件句，故正确答案为B。,12(2009西安八校联考)_ in my p,13,(2009东北三校联合模拟),Where are you going to find a job after graduation?,I dont know. But its about time _ for myself.,A. Id provide B. I provided,C. I provide D. Im providing,B。考查句式结构。答句句意：我不知道，但该是我自己养活自己的时候了。Its(about) time (that).是虚拟语气句式，意为“是时候了”，从句谓语动词要用一般过去时。,13(2009东北三校联合模拟)Where are y,14,(2009潍坊),“It is strongly recommended，” added the firefighter during an interview on a fire accident in a threestar hotel, “that nobody _ back to your room to collect your belongings during a fire.”,A. goes B. went,C. go D. will go,C。考查虚拟语气。recommend“劝告，建议”，其引导的从句谓语用“(should)动词原形”结构。,14(2009潍坊)“It is strongly re,15,(2009保定模拟),If only he _ himself and explained who he was, then, of course I should have given him proper service.,A. had introduced B. introduced,C. has introduced D. have introduced,A。考查虚拟语气。if only后的从句用虚拟语气，从后面主句用should have given可知，句子表示的是与过去事实相反的假设，故从句用过去完成时。,15(2009保定模拟)If only he _,16(2009西城抽样)Time flies. Seven days have passed. I want to go back to my hometown.,Yeah! How fast time runs! But take your time; Id rather you _ here a little longer.,A. had stayed B. are staying,C. should stay D. stayed,D。考查虚拟语气。would rather后跟从句时，从句要用一般过去时表示现在或将来的动作，故选D项。,16(2009西城抽样)Time flies. Sev,17,(2009东城模拟),I would have come earlier, but I _ that you were waiting for me.,A. hadnt known B. didnt know,C. would have known D. havent known,B。考查虚拟语气。I would have come earlier是假设，but后面表示过去的客观事实，因此应用一般过去时。,17(2009东城模拟)I would have com,18(2009安徽联考)Yao Ming and Yi Jianlian have finished their season in NBA this year.,Yes. They _ better but for the injuries.,A. could have done B. can do,C. couldnt have done D. cant do,A。考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是受伤的话，他们可能会打得更好。由前句“已经打完了”确定，此处表示与过去事实相反，主句中应用could have done。,18(2009安徽联考)Yao Ming and Yi,19,(2009吉林高三模拟),You wont believe what Jake did last night! He moved his bed by himself.,You are kidding. He _ that. He could have broken his back.,A. wouldnt have done B. mustnt have done,C. neednt have done D. shouldnt have done,D。考查虚拟语气。Jake一个人搬动床，让人感到很惊讶，“他有可能会伤着背的”，所以“他本不该这样做的”，故选D项，should not have done sth.意思是“本不该做某事而实际做了”。,19(2009吉林高三模拟)You wont bel,20(2009山东期末考)_， he would have been fired.,A. Had he lied to the boss,B. Did he lie to the boss,C. If he has lied to the boss,D. If he lies to the boss,A。本题考查虚拟语气。从题干中的would have done可知是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故条件句要用过去完成时。A项是将if省略，将had提前。,20(2009山东期末考)_， he woul,21,(2010安徽芜湖调研),Oh, what a pity! It _ so easy for me to bring those photographs I wanted to show you, but Ive left them at home.,A. would have been B. would be,C. had been D. was,A。考查虚拟语气。句意：哦，多可惜啊！对我而言把那些我想展示给你看的照片带来该是件多么容易的事啊，但我把它们落在家里了。“What a pity！”表示可惜，说明后面的事本可以做到；“Ive left them at home”暗示前面的事情是发生在过去的本可以做到的事，即与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故用would have done。,21(2010安徽芜湖调研)Oh, what a pit,22(2009湖南联考)Did you go to watch the basketball match last night?,No. I didnt feel well but I would have gone if I _.,A. were B. did,C. should D. had,D。考查虚拟语气。结合问句和答语的时态可知是对过去事实的虚拟，所以用过去完成时。补充完整是：.I would have gone if I had felt well.,22(2009湖南联考)Did you go to w,23,(2009青岛质检),The leader, _ the rule unfair for women, suggested it _.,A. finding; banned B. to find; banned,C. found; to be banned D. finding; be banned,D。考查非谓语动词和suggest后接从句时使用虚拟语气的用法。finding the rule unfair for women在句中充当原因状语，suggested it后省略了should。,23(2009青岛质检)The leader, _,24(2009青岛质检)Some women _ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.,A. could have made B. should have made,C. would make D. must make,A。考查虚拟语气。could have done表示“本来可以做，而实际上却没有做”。,24(2009青岛质检)Some women _,25,(2009潍坊质检二),_ this afternoon, you would have to come again next week.,A. The boss didnt return,B. The boss were not to return,C. Were the boss not to return,D. Didnt the boss return,C。虚拟语气及倒装语序。由主句中的“would have to.next week”判断，这是对将来发生事情的虚拟，所以从句用“were to动词原形”结构。把were放在句首，if可以省略。,25(2009潍坊质检二)_ this aft,26(2009日照一模)They are still discussing whether I _ to the meeting yesterday, which I think was not necessary at all.,A. could come B. should have come,C. should come D. must have come,B。本题考查虚拟语气。should have done表示“本应该做而实际上没有做”。句意：他们现在还在讨论我昨天是否应该来开会，我认为这根本没有必要。,26(2009日照一模)They are still d,27,(2009福建质检),Why are you so late?,I got stuck in the traffic jam, or I _ earlier.,A. arrived B. had arrived,C. would arrive D. would have arrived,D。考查虚拟语气。答话人的言外之意显然是说假如没有遇到交通堵塞，会来得更早一些。此句相当于“If I hadnt got stuck in the traffic jam, I would have arrived earlier.”是对过去情况的虚拟。,27(2009福建质检)Why are you so,28(2009南昌调研)I hear your journey was not very pleasant.,But for the sudden rain we _ a wonderful time.,A. will have B. should have had,C. should have D. had,B。考查虚拟语气。第二句的意思是“若不是因为突如其来的雨，我们本可以玩得很开心”。根据上一句可知是对过去情况的叙述，而but for经常用于虚拟语气中，所以是对过去事实的假设。,28(2009南昌调研)I hear your jou,29,(2009贵阳调研),Its suggested by the hotel management that radios _ after 10 oclock at night.,A. were not played B. not to play,C. not be played D. did not play,C。考查虚拟语气和语态。suggest表示“建议”时，其后面的从句一般用(should)动词原形，结合从句的意思知此处应该用被动语态。,29(2009贵阳调研)Its suggested b,30(2009石家庄质检)It is required that the students _ mobile phones in their school, so seldom _ them using one.,A. not use; will you see,B. should not use; you will see,C. dont use; will you see,D. not use; you will see,A。考查虚拟语气和倒装。前半句是虚拟语气，即“require主语(should)do sth.”， not use前省略了should; seldom本身表示否定含义，位于句首时句子需要倒装。,30(2009石家庄质检)It is required,31,(2009南京调研),Congratulations.,Thank you. But for your help, we _ in the experiment.,A. will never succeed,B. shouldnt have succeeded,C. couldnt have succeeded,D. mustnt have succeeded,C。考查虚拟语气。But for your help是介词短语表示虚拟条件，很明显是与过去事实相反，主句意为：我们本来不能够成功做成实验的。,31(2009南京调研)Congratulations,32(2009山东威海)It is too late to take the plane. We _ off earlier.,A. must set B. should set,C. may have set D. should have set,D。should have done sth.表示“本来应当做某事，但实际上并没有做”。句意：太晚了，已赶不上这趟飞机了。我们应当早点出发的。,32(2009山东威海)It is too late t,33,(2009杭州质检),It is requested that every driver _ the safety belt while driving.,A. wears B. wear,C. should have wear D. must wear,B。request后面的名词性从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气的形式，通常为should动词原形，should常省略。,33(2009杭州质检)It is requested,34(2009南通调研)I _ such a foolish mistake if I had been a little more careful.,A. wouldnt make B. wouldnt have made,C. hadnt made D. didnt make,B。考查虚拟语气。从句是过去完成时，主句要用would have done结构。,34(2009南通调研)I _ such a,35,(2009郑州质检),I cant tell you anything about the new plan.,But it is important that you _.,A. helped B. would help,C. should help D. shall help,C。考查虚拟语气。“it is/was形容词that.should结构”是虚拟语气的一种结构，类似“表示建议的”。,35(2009郑州质检)I cant tell yo,36(2009西安八校联考)When you phoned me, I was having a meeting, otherwise I _ your call.,A. answered B. would answer,C. had answered D. would have answered,D。考查虚拟语气。如果没开会的话，我就会接你的电话。表示和过去事实相反。,36(2009西安八校联考)When you phone,37,(2009启东调研),It is suggested that our plan for the project _ as soon as possible.,A. is changed B. be changed,C. must be changed D. will be changed,B。考查虚拟语气。suggest后的宾语从句或主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用should动词原形，should可以省略，故选B。,37(2009启东调研)It is suggested,38(2009南京调研)I drove my car at a speed of 150 kilometres an hour this afternoon. It was great fun!,Did you go crazy? You _ yourself.,A. might kill B. could have killed,C. could kill D. must have killed,B。本题考查虚拟语气。由第一句I drove my car at a speed of 150 kilometres an hour this afternoon.可知此句是对过去的虚拟。must have killed是对过去的肯定性推测，不表虚拟。,38(2009南京调研)I drove my car,39,(2009威海质检),Sally _ to come swimming with us.,What a shame she had to take a test.,A. would love B. would have loved,C. should love D. should have loved,B。本题考查虚拟语气。由第二句可知：Sally本来想和我们一块游泳，但实际却没有，表达对过去事实相反的一种假设，故选B；D含有责备的口气，不符合语境要求。,39(2009威海质检)Sally _ to,40(2009威海质检)You understand not only what the rule says but what it means, as if you _ it yourself.,A. make B. made,C. have made D. had made,D。本题考查虚拟语气。句意：你不仅理解规则的内容而且还理解它的含义，就好像你自己制定的一样。“制定”是发生过的事情，对过去的虚拟从句用过去完成时。如果是对现在虚拟则用一般过去时。如：Ive loved you as if you were my son.我一直爱你就好像你是我的儿子。,40(2009威海质检)You understand n,