外研版八年级上册M9U3教学ppt课件

,9,Population,Module,Unit3,Languageinuse,9PopulationModuleUnit3,1,Beijingis,a,hugecity.,Ittakes,an,hourtogettherebybus.,Thatsalmost,onefifth,oftheworldspopulation.,Thatmakesover,131.4million,birthsayear.,Languagepractice,Beijingisahugecity.Languagepra,2,Articles冠词,冠词是放在所说明的名词之前的词,说明名词所指的人或事物,是虚词。,冠词分为定冠词和不定冠词两种,不定冠词是,a,和,an,、定冠词是,the,。,Articles冠词冠词是放在所说明的名词之前的词,说明名词,3,分析：a,和,an,均用于单数可数名词之前，表示,一类人或事物中的“任何”一个，相当于汉语中的“一”，,但不用于强调数目的概念。,不定冠词的用法,例1:Jacksfatheris_doctor.,A.aB.anC.someD./,分析：a和an均用于单数可数名词之前，表示一类人或事物中的“,4,例2:Thereis_“f”and_“u”,intheword“four”.,A.an,aB.a,a,C.an,anD.a,an,分析,：,在名词前使用,a,或,an,要取决于该名词的读音。如果,首字母的读音是元音因素，应用,an,；如果首字母的读音是辅音音素，应用,a,。,例2:Thereis_“f”and_“u”分析：,5,1.,a,e,i,o,u五个元音字母,处于词首,时，未必都是元音音素，,u,发音,ju:,或,ju,前面用冠词,a,u,读,时,前面用冠词,an,。,1.a,e,i,o,u五个元音字母处于词首,6,2.26个字母中以开头为元音音素发音,的字母有：,f,ef,h,eit,l,el,n,en,r,a,:,s,es,x,eks,。,Thereisan“R”intheword.,ThisisaEuropeancountry.,European,词首字母不发音,j,是辅,音音素。,Thisisaone-eyeddog.,one,w,是辅音音素。,2.26个字母中以开头为元音音素发音,7,例3:-Whynottake_friend,withyou?,-Thats_goodidea.,A.a,aB.the,the,C.a,theD.the,a,分析：,使用不定冠词指,某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。,例3:-Whynottake_friend分析：使用,8,例4:Takethemedicinethreetimes,_day.,A.aB.theC.anD./,分析：,使用,不定冠词表示单位,，fiftymilesanhour意为“每小时50公里”，,twiceaweek,意为“每周两次”。,例4:Takethemedicinethreetimes分析,9,例5:Englishis_language.Itis,_importanttool.,A.a,aB.a,an,C.the,anD.a,/,分析：,alanguage,意为“一种语言”。,language,是可数名词。,例5:Englishis_language.Itis,10,例6:_steelworkermakessteel.,A./B.AC.ThisD.That,分析：,a(an)放于单数的可数名词前表,示“一类”。,该句中asteelworker是指,钢铁工人们。表示一类有三种方式：,Abikeisslowerthanacar.,Thebikeisslowerthanthecar.,Bikesareslowerthancars.,例6:_steelworkermakessteel,11,例7:Tomhas_highfeverandhis,motherislookingafterhim.,A.aB.theC.anD./,分析:,表示,生什么病前应用,a,haveaheadache,haveacold。,例7:Tomhas_highfeverandhis分析,12,例8:Marytakes_walkaftersupper,everyday.,A.theB.aC./D.one,分析:,give,take,have与一些动词名,词化的词连用，表示一次动作，名,词前要加a。,haveatalk(bath,look);makealiving(promise);takeaswim(walk,rest),giveatalk(whistle,smile),例8:Marytakes_walkaftersuppe,13,例9:Theoldwomanhad_fireinher,room.,A.theB./C.aD.this,分析:,抽象名词和物质名词的具体化时，该名词前要加a,。,Itisagreatjoytostudyatthiscollege.,Thiskindofwoodcanmakeintoagoodpaper.,Hemadealivingbysellingnewspaper.,例9:Theoldwomanhad_fireinher,14,例1:Thereis_bridgeovertheriver.,_bridgeismadeofstone.,A.a,AB.a,The,C.the,TheD.the,A,分析:,文章中第一次出现的可数名词,前用a(an)。下次再出现此名词则用the。,Ihavealittlebird.Thebirdisyellow.,定冠词的用法,例1:Thereis_bridgeovertherive,15,例2:_oldworkersunderthattree,arefromShanghai.,A.TheB.AnC.ThisD.That,分析：,名词后有表示范围、地点的介词短语限定时,名词前应加the来表示特指,。,Theboyshereareinterestedinsports.,例2:_oldworkersunderthattree分,16,例3:_firstonesatdownandthe,secondstoodup.,A.TheB.AC.OneD.An,分析:,序数词前表示顺序时前加the。,Maryisthethirdtocomein.,例3:_firstonesatdownandthe分析,17,例4:Winteris_coldestseasonofthe,year.,A.aB.theC./D.so,分析:,形容词最高级前及Only修饰的名词前均要加the。,Maryistheonlygirlwhoisoftenlateforclass.,例4:Winteris_coldestseasonof,18,例5:_moonmovesaround_earth,andtheybotharesmallerthan,_sun.,A.The,the,theB.A,an,a,C.The,an,theD.The,the,a,分析:,定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的物体名词前。,例5:_moonmovesaround_earth,19,例6:Welivein_southofChina.,A.theB./C.aD.some,分析:,表示东、南、西、北方的名词前要加the。,Thesunrisesintheeast.,例6:Welivein_southofChina.分析,20,例7:_brownsarewatchingTVat,homeatthemoment.,A./B.TheC.Mr.D.A,分析:,the放于姓氏的复数形式前时，表示一家人或一姓的夫妇二人。,例7:_brownsarewatchingTVat分析,21,例8:Hewillgotoseeyouoffat_,RailwayStation.,A.aB.anC.theD./,分析:,the普通名词构成专有名词。,theUnitedStatestheUnitedNations,thePeoplesRepublicofChina,例8:Hewillgotoseeyouoffat_分析:,22,例9:Iwasplaying_pianoateight,yesterdaymorning.,A.aB./C.theD.this,分析:,play乐器表示弹奏时，该乐器名,词前加the。,AlicelikestoplaytheviolinwhileKate,likestoplaytheflute.,表示数量时可用a。,Thisisanewpianoagainstthewall.,例9:Iwasplaying_pianoateight,23,例10:Ourteachergetsupearlyin_,morning.,A.theB./C.aD.an,分析:,牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作时间状语。,intheafternoon(evening),inthedaytime,atthebeginningintheend,例10:Ourteachergetsupearlyin_,24,例11:Thereisalargeshipin_middle,oftheriver.,A.aB./C.theD.any,分析:,牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作地点状语。,ontheright(left)/inthefrontof,inthemiddleofthemeeting/,theforest/atthefootofthehill,例11:Thereisalargeshipin_mid,25,例12:Lastnightwewentto_,cinema.,A.theB.aC./D.those,分析:,牢记一些固定搭配：,gototheconcert(theatre),例12:Lastnightwewentto_分析:牢记,26,例13:_youngshouldcareforand,help_old.,A.The,aB.The,the,C.A,theD.An,an,分析:,the形容词（形容词名词化）,表示一类人或事物。,thepoor/therich/thesick/,thebeautiful,例13:_youngshouldcareforand分,27,例14:Thesmalltownlieson_,YangtziRiver.,A.aB.anC./D.the,分析:,定冠词the用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛名称的前面。,theDeadSea/theBlackSea,theNorthChinaPlain华北平原,例14:Thesmalltownlieson_分析:定,28,例1:Paperismadeof_bamboo.,A.aB.theC./D.that,分析:,物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。,Woodcanbemadeintochairsandtables.,Ironisakindofmetal.,零冠词的用法,例1:Paperismadeof_bamboo.分析:,29,例2:_Januaryisthefirstmonth,oftheyear.,A.TheB.AC./D.That,分析:,表示节日、月份的名词前一般,不加the。,Springiscoming.,HewasborninDecember.,如果表示有某年限定的季节和月份时，季节和月份前要加the。,HewasbornintheSummerof1964.,例2:_Januaryisthefirstmonth分,30,例3:Wehavenoclasses_onSundays.,A.theB.theseC.,D.those,分析:,表示一周中七日的名称前一般不加冠词。,例3:Wehavenoclasses_onSunday,31,例4:Istudies_Englishin_England.,A./,/B.an,the,C.an,anD./,the,分析:,学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加,冠词。,learnChinese(maths,physics,chemistry),ChinaisinAsia.,inGermany(Japan),inAfrica(Europe),例4:Istudies_Englishin_Engl,32,例5:Theyoftentakeawalkin_,HydePark.,A.theB.aC./D.this,分析:,在一些专有名词（地名、节假日）之前不加冠词。,ChristmasDayNewyearsEve,NationalDayChildrensDay,TeachersDayWallStreet,例5:Theyoftentakeawalkin_分析:,33,例6:Thethiefwasthrowninto_prison.,A.theB.aC.thisD./,分析:,表示某一概念，而不是某具体工作的部门时，名词前不加冠词。,例6:Thethiefwasthrowninto_pri,34,例7:Hedoesnthave_breakfastat,home.,A.aB.theC.thisD./,分析:,表示三餐的名词前不加冠词，如果前面有形容词修饰该词，表示,“一顿的饭”，可加a。,haveabigsupper(nicelunch),例7:Hedoesnthave_breakfasta,35,例8:Wegotoworkby_bus.,A./B.aC.theD.one,分析:,表示交通工具的手段时，用by名词表示，该名词前不用冠词。,bybike(taxi,car,train,plane,spaceship)或bysea(water,air,land),如果用介词in或on，名词前要加冠词或物主代词。,例8:Wegotoworkby_bus.分析:表示交通工具,36,例9:_runningisgood.,A.TheB.AC./D.An,分析:,动名词前一般不用冠词。,Walkingonthemoonisdifficult.,Seeingisbelieving.,例9:_runningisgood.分析:动名词前一般,37,例10:Theseboysplay_football,afterclass.,A.aB.theC.thatD./,分析:,球类、棋类、游戏名称前不加冠词。,例10:Theseboysplay_football分,38,例11:Thestudentsof_GradeOneare,havingameeting.,A.theseB./C.aD.an,分析:,名词数词表示顺序时，前面不加冠词the；序数词名词表示顺序数，序数词前加冠词the,。,turntopage3/thethirdpage,LessonOne/thefirstlesson,gateFive/thefifthGate,例11:Thestudentsof_GradeOnea,39,例12:Thereisno_bookonthe,desk.,A.theB.aC.anD./,分析:,名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或any和no时，均不再用冠词。如：,nobooks,notabook,notanybooks,例12:Thereisno_bookonthe分析:名,40,例13:Heoftenworkslateat_night.,A./B.theC.aD.all,分析：,表示时间或地点的一些介词名词的词组和一些固定词组中，均不加冠词。,athome,intown,atnoon,atdaybreak,introuble,indanger,infact,等。,例13:Heoftenworkslateat_nigh,41,注意：,有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。如：,1),attable,在吃饭,atthetable,在桌子旁,2),inclass,在上课,intheclass,在班级中,注意：,42,3),gotoschool,去上学,gototheschool,到那所学校去,4),gotobed,上床睡觉,gotothebed,到床那边去,5),infrontof,在的前面,inthefrontof,在的前部,3)gotoschool去上学,43,1.不定冠词a/an的用法：,a,用以辅音音素开头的单词前，,an,用以元音音素开头的单词前。例如：,a,book,a,table,an,elephant,an,orange,2)表示数量“一”，意思与“one”接近，但数的概念没有one强。例如：,Thelittlegirlplayedawholedayoutside.,这个小女孩在外面玩了一整天。,3)用于首次提到的某人或某物前，表泛指。,AteacherfromEnglandwillteachusEnglish.,一位来自英格兰的教师将教我们英语。,1.不定冠词a/an的用法：,44,4)用于可数名词的单数前，表示一类人或物。Atigerisverydangerous.老虎很危险。,5)表示某类人或事物当中的任何一个，相当于one。泛指人或事物的类别。例如：,Heisaballplayer.他是一位棒球手。,6)表示,“每一个”，相当于,every。用在表示时间，速度，价格的名词前。,Youshouldtakethismedicinethreetimesaday.,你应该每天服三次药。,7)表示“某一”。,AMr.Wangiswaitingforyou.,一位姓王的先生在等你。,4)用于可数名词的单数前，表示一类人或物。Atigeris,45,1.文章中第一次出现的可数名词前,用,a,/,an,。,下次再出现此名词,时。,2.名词后有表示范围、地点的,介词,短语,限定时。,3.序数词前,表示顺序,时。,4.形容词,最高级,前及,only,修饰的名词,前。,5.定冠词用于表示世界上,独一无二的,物体名词前。,定冠词的用法,1.文章中第一次出现的可数名词前定冠词的用法,46,6.表示,东、南、西、北方,的名词前,7.姓氏的复数形式前时,表示,一家人,或,一姓的夫妇二人,。,8.,the,普通名词构成,专有名词,。,9.,play,乐器表示弹奏时，该,乐器,名,词前加the。,10.,the,形容词（形容词名词化）,表示,一类人或事物,。,11.定冠词the用在,江河、海洋、山脉、,湖泊、群岛名称,的前面。,6.表示东、南、西、北方的名词前,47,1.,物质名词,和,抽象名词,前一般不加冠词。,2.表示,节日、月份,的名词前一般不加the。,3.表示,一周中七日的名称,前一般不加冠词。,4.,学科,前和,国名、洲名,前一般不加冠词。,5.在一些,专有名词,（地名、节假日）,之前不加冠词。,6.表示,某一概念,，而不是某具体工作的,部门时，名词前不加冠词。,7.表示,三餐,的名词前不加冠词。,零冠词的用法,1.物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。零冠词的用法,48,8.表示,交通工具,的手段时，用,by名词,表,示，该名词前不用冠词。,9.,动名词,前一般不用冠词。,10.,球类、棋类、游戏名称,前不加冠词。,11.名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代,词、名词所有格或,any,和,no,时，均不再,用冠词。,12.,表示时间或地点,的一些,介词名词,的词,组和一些,固定词组,中，均不加冠词。,13.家庭成员的,称呼、称呼语,或,只一人担任,的职务,名词前不用冠词。,8.表示交通工具的手段时，用by名词表,49,2.定冠词the的用法:,定冠词是指特定的人或物，用于特指的名词前。,例如：,Thebookismine.,这本书是我的,。,2)表示上文提到的或说话双方都知道的人或物。,例如：,Iheardareport.Thereportwasaboutwar.,我听了一个报告，这个报告是关于战争的。,Pleaseclosethewindowbeforeyoufallasleep.,请在睡觉之前关上窗子。,2.定冠词the的用法:,50,3)用于序数词、形容词最高级以及对两者进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前。例如：,Ourclassroomisonthesecondfloor.,ItsthemostinterestingbookIhaveread.,Ihavetwosisters.Theelderoneisadoctor.,4)世界上独一无二的事物前常用the。例如：,Themoongoesroundtheearth.,5)在姓的复数形式前加the，表示一家人或夫妇二人。例如：,theGreens格林一家人或格林夫妇。,6)用于某些形容词前表示一类人或事物。therich,thepoor,theold,3)用于序数词、形容词最高级以及对两者进行比较时起特定作用的,51,7)用于江河、山脉、湖泊、岛屿、杂志和报纸等专有名词前。例如：,theChangjiangRiver,theGreatWall,theSummerPalace,8)用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如：,theUnitedStates,9)用于乐器名称前。例如：,playthepiano/violin,10)用于固定短语中。例如：,atthemoment,bytheway,inthemiddleof,7)用于江河、山脉、湖泊、岛屿、杂志和报纸等专有名词前。例如,52,3.零冠词的用法,一般来说，在一个句子中有时不加冠词，如,Wegotoschoolbybus.,这种不加冠词的现象，就叫“零冠词”。,复数可数名词前，表示人或物的类别，或泛指不定,量的人或物。例如：,Horsesareusefulanimals.,Therearepensandbooksonthedesk.,3.零冠词的用法,53,2)当名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词及名词所有格等修饰时。例如：,Sheisourmathteacher.ThemaninblueisMarysfather.Noonecangetthisbook.,3)交通工具、学科名词前。,byboat,onfootIlikeEnglish.,4)球类运动、棋类游戏及语言名称前。Hepreferstoplayfootball.Thetwooldmenareplayingchess.CanyouspeakEnglish?,2)当名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词及名词所有格等修饰,54,5)季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐等名词前。例如：,inspring,onMondayChildrensDayiscoming.Iatesomenoodlesforlunch.,6)某些固定搭配的词组。,inpublic;gotobed,5)季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐等名词前。例如：,55,Minais(1)_eighteen-year-oldgirl.Shesgot(2)_brotherand(3)_sister.Minais(4)_oldestchildin(5)_family.Shelivesin(6)_verybigcity.Shehas(7)_jobin(8)_hotel.Shehopesthatonedayshewillhave(9)_chancetogoto(10)_college.,an,the,a,a,the,a,a,a,a,Completethepassagewith,a,an,or,the,wherenecessary.,Minais(1)_eighteen-year-old,56,英语分数的表示法,：,用“,基数词序数词,”表示，其中,基数词表示分子，序数词表示分母,。分子除用one外，也可用a；如果分子大于1，分母要用复数形式。,Twothirds,ofthestudentshavepassedtheexam.三分之二的学生考试及格了。,外研版八年级上册M9U3教学ppt课件,57,注意：,12,不能说a（one）second，而要说,a（one）half,。,14,和,34,可以说a（one）fourth和threefourths，但常用,aquarter,和,threequarters,表示。,若它们在句子中作主语，则,谓语动词,是用单数还是复数取决于名词，即,与分数所修饰的名词保持一致,。,About,twothirds,ofthestudentsattendthemeeting,大约23的学生都参加了会议。,注意：12不能说a（one）second，而要说a（one,58,在英语中，对于万以上的数字，我们改如何表达呢？这就要记住英语数字读法特点。以下面一个数字为例：,6，500，431，729,hundred,thousand,million,billion,注意每三个数为一个单位，按照百、,十、个向下读。,大数字的表达方法,在英语中，对于万以上的数字，我们改如何表达呢？这就要记住英语,59,5Completethesentenceswiththecorrect,formofthewordsinthebox.,fewgoodmuchsmall,1WebelievetheschoolsinArnwickarevery,good,andweareworkingtomakethem,even_.,2Theirflatistoolargefortwopeople.They,wanttofinda_one.,3Annaalwaystalksaboutherideas.Ithinkshe,needstolisten_.,4Therearealotofparksinthiscity.Ithink,thereare_parksinalotofothercities.,better,smaller,more,fewer,5Completethesentenceswiththeco,60,7Completethepassagewiththewordsinthebox.,countrysidepollutionpopulation,spacetraffic,Ourworldisfacingmanyproblems.Twoofthebiggestareincreasingpopulationandpollution.,The(1)_oftheworldisincreasingquickly.Whyisthishappening?Becausemorebabiesareborneveryyearand,population,7Completethepassagewiththeword,61,peoplealsolivelonger.Manypeopleareleavingthe(2)_toworkinthecities,butthereisnotenough(3)_for,somanypeople.,Anotherhugeproblemfortheworldis,(4)_.Thereissomuch(5)_,ontheroadsthatinsomecitiestheairisheavilypolluted.Wemustworkhardertoprotectourworld.,countryside,space,pollution,traffic,peoplealsolivelonger.Manypeopl,62,allovertheworldcloseddowninthefuture,ittakesnotanymore,8Completethesentenceswiththeexpressions,inthebox.,1Growingpopulationisaproblem_,_.,2ThepopulationofChinamaygrowmore,slowly.,3Thesupermarketwhena,biggeroneopenedinthetown.,allover,theworld,inthefuture,closeddown,allovertheworldcloseddowninthe,63,4Usuallyanhourtogettherebybus.,5Thetownhadalotofpopulationinthepast,butitisaproblem.,ittakes,notanymore,4Usuallyanhourtogettherebybus.,64,Populationincreaseisabigprobleminmanycountries.Thatwillcausealotofproblems,suchastoomanypeople,toomuchpollutionaswellastoomuchtrafficandnoise.Inordertosolvetheseproblems,thegovernmentshouldbuildmoreflatsandtheyshouldmakeeffortstoprotectthecityagainstpollution.Peoplealsoneedbetterpublicservices.,Populationincreaseisabigproble,65,1.为准备笔记,2.我们日益增长的人口,3.在正确的地方,4.谈论,4.一座大城市,5.大量的人口,6.引起很多问题,7.例如,8.太多的交通,9.不仅,10.人口增长,preparesomenotesfor,intherightplace,talkabout,ahugecity,causealotofproblems,alargepopulation,suchas,toomuchtraffic,ourgrowingpopulation,notonly,populationincrease,1.为准备笔记preparesomenotesforin,66,11.一个大问题,12.出生,13.我不相信,14.的人口,15.五分之一,16.世界人口,17.也就是说,18.稍等（一分钟）,19.写下,20.在将来,21.（人口）变得越来越少,abigproblem,beborn,Icantbelieveit.,onefifth,Hangonaminute.,writedown,inthefuture,getsmaller,thepopulationof,theworldspopulation,thatis,11.一个大问题abigproblembebornIcan,67,1.一座安静的村庄,2.离近,3.搬到某地,4.找工作,5.需要做某事,6.需要居住的地方,7.住在市中心,8.建造公寓,9.成为的部分,10.当地学校,aquietvillage,becloseto,moveto,findjobs,needtodosth,needplacestolive,liveinthecitycentre,buildflats,becomepartof,thelocalschool,1.一座安静的村庄aquietvillage,68,11.关闭,12.到那里,13.很清楚,14.新鲜空气,15.更好的公共设施,16.做所有这些事情,17.帮忙做某事,18.解决所有这些问题,19.事实上,20.全世界,21.与一样,22.作更多地努力来做某事,23.正如我们所说,closedown,getthere,Itisclearthat,freshair,betterpublicservices,doallthesethings,help(to)dosth,solvealltheseproblems,infact,allovertheworld,thesameas,makemoreeffortstodosth,aswesay,11.关闭closedown,69,Practice,Writethewordswith,a,an,noarticle(/)orinpluralform.,1.Theresnoairorwateron_moon.,2._YellowRiveris_secondlongest,riverin_China.,3.Mymotherboughtme_verynice,bike.Ilike_bikeverymuch.,the,The,the,a,the,/,PracticeWritethewordswitha,an,70,4.XiaoMinglikesplaying_basketball,buthedoesntlikeplaying_piano.,5.Thestudentsdonthaveclassesin_,afternoonon_Saturday.,6.IoftenwatchTVin_evening.,7.Letsgooutfor_walk.,8.Whatwouldyoulikeforlunch,_,coffeeor_milk?,the,/,the,a,/,/,the,/,4.XiaoMinglikesplaying_bask,71,9.Youdropped_“u”and_“s”inthisword.,10.Thereis_penonthedesk._penismine.,11.Ilikeplaying_basketball,butIdontlikeplaying_piano.,an,a,The,a,the,anaTheathe,72,12.Hedrovethecaratthespeedofeightykilometers_hour.,13.IthinkEnglishis_usefulsubject.Doyouthinkso?,14.Hehad_appleand_glassofmilkfor_supper.,an,a,an,a,12.Hedrovethecaratthespeedofei,73,15.Whois_boy?,Heismy_bestfriend.,16.DoesBobcomefrom_USAor_Australia?,17.Lindaworksin_hospital.Hersisterworksin_samehospital.,18.Howdoyougotowork,by_busoron_foot?,the,the,a,the,15.Whois_boy?thetheath,74,Homework,Makeagraphandsharewithyourclassmates.,Reciteallthewordsandphrasesofthisunit.,HomeworkMakeagraphandsharewith,75,外研版八年级上册M9U3教学ppt课件,76,