新西兰简介全英文资料讲解课件

New Zealand,New Zealand,The Land and the People,Unit 1,The Land and the People,Unit 1,The Land and the People,Unit 1,The Land and the People,Unit 1,新西兰简介全英文,新西兰简介全英文,2.1.1,“God Defend New Zealand” is one of the national anthems of New Zealand, together with “God Save the Queen”. Although they have equal status, “God Defend New Zealand” is the anthem that is in common use and is popularly referred to as the national anthem. “God Defend New Zealand” was written as a poem in the 1870s by Irish-born, Victorian-raised immigrant Thomas Bracken of Dunedin. A competition to compose music for the poem was held in 1876 with a prize of ten guineas. The winner of the competition was the Tasmanian-born John Joseph Woods of Lawrence, New Zealand, who composed the,melody,2. National anthem of New Zealand,2.1.1“God Defend New Zealand”,2.1.1,melody in a single sitting the evening after finding out about the competition. In 1976 a petition was presented to Parliament asking for it to be made the national anthem, and, with the permission of Queen Elizabeth II, it became the countrys second national anthem on November 21, 1977, on equal standing with “God Save the Queen”.,2. National anthem of New Zealand,2.1.1melody in a single sittin,Where is New Zealand located?,New Zealand is located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, midway between the Equator and the South Pole. It is part of the Pacific Islands, or Oceania, which refers to a grouping of thousands of islands in the Pacific Ocean. It is also considered part of Polynesia, one of three major divisions of the Pacific Islands. Its nearest neighbor is Australia, which is approximately 1,600 kilometers west to it. Similar in size to Japan or Britain, New Zealand occupies a land area of 270,500 square kilometers. The northern and southern extremities of the country are 1,600 kilometers apart, but no part of this country is more than 120 kilometers from the sea.,Where is New Zealand located?,Where is New Zealand located?,2.2,Map of New Zealand,Where is New Zealand located?,2.2Map of New ZealandWhere is,1. North Island,2.2,One of the features which make the North Island different from the South Island is the many volcanoes on the island. Although only 10% of the land area of the North Island is occupied by mountain ranges, most of them were formed by volcanic activities, largely due to the fact that New Zealand is located within a region with active tectonic plate movement. Altogether there are four main active volcanic mountains in the North Island Mount Egmont, Mount Ruapehu, Mount Ngauruhoe and Mount Tongariro. Mount Egmont is the best known extinct volcano in New Zealand because of its symmetrical shape.,1. North Island2.2 One o,Mount Ruapehu is the highest mountain in the North Island (2,797 m), which is still alive. Closely related to the repeated volcanic activities are the rich resources of geothermal power in the North Island. Here, plenty of hot springs and geysers could be found as a result of the underground heat.,The longest river in New Zealand is the 425-kilometer Waikato in the North Island. As a typical mountain river, it rises on the east side of Mount Ruapehu and passes through Lake Taupo. Lakes also abound in the North Island. Again, the reason for their formation has to do with volcanoes.,2.3,1. North Island,Mount Ruapehu is the highest m,The largest lake in New Zealand is Lake Taupo. It is 40 kilometers long and 27 kilometers wide. Formed in the crater of an extinct volcano, Lake Taupo is one with many hot springs and spectacular scenery.,2.3,1. North Island,Lake Taupo,The largest lake in New Zealan,2. South Island,New Zealands landscape is renowned for its variety and, in particular, its mountainous nature. In fact, the most impressive mountains in New Zealand are in the South Island. The Southern Alps are a range of mountains that extend almost the whole length of the South Island. The west slopes of the Alps are close to the sea, so there is only a narrow coastal plain. In contrast, there are wide flat plains in the east of the Alps. Far more rain falls on the west slopes, whereas the east plains often experience hot dry weather. The Southern Alps include 18 peaks above 3,000 meters. The most famous ones are Mount Cook (3,764 m), the highest mountain in New Zealand, Mount Tasman (3,497 m) and Mount Dampier (3,440 m).,2.3 South Island,2. South Island New Zeal,2.3,Different from the volcanoes and hot springs in the North Island, the South Island is famous for its more than 360 glaciers. Among them, the 29-kilometer long Tasman Glacier is the largest and most impressive. Glacial activity in the Southern Alps has resulted in the formation of many lakes. As many of these lakes are surrounded by extremely rugged mountains, they are famous for the grandeur of their alpine settings. Lake Te Anau is the largest lake in the South Island and Lake Wakatipu the second largest. Most of the rivers of the South Island originate in the glacial lakes of the Southern Alps and flow generally southeastward to empty into the Pacific Ocean. The Clutha River (336 km) is the largest river of the island.,2. South Island,2.3 Different from the v,2.3,Mount Cook,2. South Island,2.3Mount Cook 2. South Island,3. Coastline and bays,2.3,The North Island coastline is characterized by many bays, harbors, and inlets. The coastline there is particularly irregular in the region of Northland, a 330-km-long peninsular extension to the northwest of Auckland. The South Island coastline is more regular in parts, with the exceptions at the north and south ends of the island, where the coastline is broken with many bays and harbors known as,sounds,. They were formed because the glaciers carved deep valleys a long time ago, which were filled to form fiords when the sea levels rose. The best-known,sounds,are the Milford Sound and the Marlborough Sound.,3. Coastline and bays2.3,2.3,Both the North and South Islands tend to have better swimming beaches on the east coast and the further north you go. The west coasts of both islands are rugged and have many cliffs, but there are still suitable swimming and bathing beaches here. New Zealand also has some great surf breaks in both islands. The most famous break is situated west of Hamilton in a small town called Raglan, which is known for its unusually long surf rides.,Milford Sound,3. Coastline and bays,2.3Both the North and South Is,What are the types of climate in New Zealand?,2.3,New Zealand has mild temperatures, moderately high rainfall, and many hours of sunshine throughout most of the country. Its climate is dominated by two main geographical features the sea and the mountains. New Zealand has a typical maritime climate, affected by the surrounding oceans. Apart from inland alpine areas in the central South Island, where the winter temperature can drop as low as -10, the country does not experience great extremes of heat or cold. New Zealands mountains have a major influence on the weather. Prevailing westerly winds bring ashore moist air from the Tasman Sea. Forced to rise by the western slopes of the mountain ranges, the air cools and releases its moisture in the form of heavy rain and, at higher altitudes, snow.,What are the types of climate,2.3,As a result, the southwestern coast of the South Island is one of the wettest places on earth. Eastern coasts, in the shadow of the Southern Alps, are much drier and in some years may experience serious summer drought. In general, the country experiences high rainfall. The average annual rainfall is between 640 mm and 1,500 mm, evenly spread throughout the year.,Annual sunshine hours,What are the types of climate in New Zealand?,2.3As a result, the southweste,2.3,Most places in New Zealand receive abundant sunshine, with an average of over 2,000 hours a year. While its climate is generally a temperate one, New Zealands weather is very changeable. A brisk rain shower can be expected even when the sun was shining a minute ago. The temperature can also change from quite warm to rather chilly during the same day. It is said that four seasons can occur in one day.,What are the types of climate in New Zealand?,2.3Most places in New Zealand,1. Plants,2.4,New Zealand is a very green country. With its high rainfall and abundance of sunshine, this country enjoys an enormous diversity of plants. Among them, 1,500 species can be found nowhere else in the world, which constitute 80% of all of the plant life of New Zealand. Most of the native trees and shrubs of New Zealand are evergreen, and most of the lowland plains are covered with grasses. The kauri is the largest New Zealand tree, growing mainly in the northernmost parts of the country.,Kauri,1. Plants2.4 New Zealand,2. Animals,2.4,One of the unique animal species in New Zealand is the wingless bird. It is said that New Zealand drifted away from the landmass before the arrival of mammals. Birds, therefore, flourished in the absence of their predatory mammals. Many bird species in New Zealand became flightless or semi-flightless, since they didnt need wings to fly away from predators. Many of these birds became extinct. Some flightless birds have survived, however, including the kiwi, a nocturnal bird that is the national symbol, and the kakapo, the worlds largest parrot. Almost all the mammals in New Zealand are all introduced from other parts of the world, with the exception of only two species of bats.,2. Animals2.4 One of the uniqu,2.4,New Zealand is also the only habitat for a type of lizard like reptile called tuatara. New Zealand has abundant and diverse marine life, including the snapper, flounder, blue cod, hapuku, tarakihi, swordfish, and shark, as well as edible shellfish such as the oyster, mussel, paua (abalone), and toheroa.,2. Animals,Kiwi,2.4New Zealand is also the onl,How is the population distributed in New Zealand?,2.5,By world standards, New Zealand is lightly populated, with a resident population of about 4.24 million people in 2007. About three-quarters of the population live in the North Island. New Zealand is known for its scenic landscapes of snowcapped mountains and rolling green pastures. And its economy is still,based on the land. However, the majority of New Zealanders live in urban areas, with a proportion of 85.4% of its population. The capital of New Zealand is Wellington. The largest and most cosmopolitan city is Auckland.,Auckland,How is the population distribu,What are the major ethnic groups and their languages?,2.5,About 80% of New Zealanders are of European descent. They are often known by the Maori name,Pakeha,. They are usually described as the largest ethnic group, but in fact they are ethnically mixed. People of English, Scottish, and Irish descent comprise the largest groups in that order, but there are also people of German, Australian, Scandinavian, Croatian, and Dutch descent. Maori, the original inhabitants of New Zealand, are the largest non-European group. They are a Polynesian people, whose ancestors first settled the islands in about the year of 1100. Their share of the population declined rapidly in the 19th century, after European colonization of the islands, but it rebounded dramatically during the 20th century from less than 5% in 1900 to about 14.5% in 2006.,What are the major ethnic grou,2.6,Pacific Islanders and East Asians account for about 6.5% and 6.6% of the population respectively. Large-scale Pacific Islander immigration began in the 1960s. These immigrants came mainly from Tonga, the Fiji Islands, Tokelau, Niue, the Cook Islands, and, most of all, Samoa. East Asian immigration dates back to the 1860s, when gold rushes attracted thousands of Chinese to come. English and Maori are the official languages of New Zealand. Most of the people speak English with a New Zealand accent, which resembles the Australian accent. The Maori language was recognized as an official language in 1987.,What are the major ethnic groups and their languages?,2.6Pacific Islanders and East,2.6,A small percentage of the total Maori population is considered fluent in Maori, but the language is being revived in early-childhood programs known as,kohanga reo,(“language nests”).,What are the major ethnic groups and their languages?,Maori,2.6A small percentage of the t,2.6,Christianity is the predominant religion in New Zealand. Anglicans traditionally have formed the largest single denomination. The next largest Christian groups are Presbyterians and Roman Catholics. Membership in the major Christian churches has been declining steadily in recent decades. Membership in some smaller sects, such as the Pentecostal church, has meanwhile increased, as has the number of New Zealanders professing no religion or refusing to state their affiliation. Many,Pakeha,claim the religious affiliation of their families but are not active churchgoers. In general, religious practice is stronger among Maori and Pacific Islanders than among,Pakeha,.,What are the main religions in New Zealand?,2.6 Christianity is the,2.6,The Maori Christian churches, the Ringatu Church (founded in 1868) and the Ratana Church of New Zealand (1918), have relatively small but consistently active membership. According to census figures, other significant minority religions include Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam.,What are the main religions in New Zealand?,Major Christian denomination distribution,2.6The Maori Christian churche,3.1,True or False,Multiple Choice,Discussion,3.1True or FalseMultiple Choic,1. New Zealand is situated in the Northern Pacific,Ocean,halfway between the Equator and the North Pole.,2.,New Zealand is made up of two large islands: the North Island and the South Island, and numerous smaller islands.,3.,New Zealand is the first country to get the new day because it is just east of the International Date Line.,4.,The mountain range which runs almost the whole length of the South Island is called the Southern Alps.,5.,The Clutha River is the longest river of New Zealand.,F,T,F,T,F,True or False,3.1,( ),( ),( ),( ),( ),1. New Zealand is situated in,6.,New Zealand often has earthquakes because a fault line runs the length of the country.,7.,Since its climate is generally a temperate one, New Zealands weather is not changeable.,8.,New Zealand is sometimes referred to as an “ultimate storehouse for discontinued zoological models”.,9.,About three-quarters of the population live in the South Island.,10.,A large percentage of the total Maori population is,considered fluent in Maori.,T,T,F,F,F,3.1,True or False,( ),( ),( ),( ),( ),6. New Zealand often has earth,1. New Zealand is situated about,1, 600 km,_,.,A. northwest of Australia,B. southeast of Australia,C. northeast of Australia,D. southwest of Australia,Multiple Choice,3.2,1. New Zealand is situated abo,2.,The largest Lake in New Zealand is,_,.,A. Lake Te Anau,B. Lake Taupo,C. Lake Wakatipu,D. Lake Wanaka,Multiple Choice,3.2,2. The largest Lake in New Zea,3. The highest peak in New Zealand is _ .,Multiple Choice,3.2,A. Mount Tasman,B. Mount Cook,C. Mount Dampier,D. Mount Ruapehu,3. The highest peak in New Zea,4. The following are the volcanic mountains in the North Island EXCEPT _ .,A. Ruapehu,B. Mt. Cook,C. Ngaurohoe,D. Tongariro,Multiple Choice,3.2,4. The following are the volca,5. The most serious potential natural disasters in New Zealand are _ .,A. storms and earthquakes,B. volcanoes and floods,C. earthquakes and volcanoes,D. floods and storms,Multiple Choice,3.2,5. The most serious potential,6. _ is the flightless bird which has become a,symbol of New Zealand.,A. Emu,B. Kiwi,C. Weka,D. Pukeko,Multiple Choice,3.2,6. _ is the flightless,7.,What percentage of the population of New Zealand is of European (mainly British) descent?,A,50%,B,67%,C,73%,D,80%,Multiple Choice,3.2,7. What percentage of the popu,8. The following are the reasons for the uneven distribution of the population of New Zealand EXCEPT,_,.,A. the concentration of mineral resources in the north,B. the milder climate in the north,C. the expansion of North Island industries,D. the availability of land suitable for specialized,farming,Multiple Choice,3.2,8. The following are the reaso,9. What is the most common religion in New Zealand?,A. Christianity.,B. Islam.,C. Buddhism.,D. Judaism.,Multiple Choice,3.2,9. What is the most common rel,10. New Zealanders speak English with a distinctive,_,accent.,A. British,B. New Zealand,C. Irish,D. Scottish,Multiple Choice,3.2,10. New Zealanders speak Engli,Discuss the reasons why the New Zealand government encourages people to immigrate to their country.,Discussion,3.3,New Zealand is committed to increasing its population,by approximately 1% per year.,The history of New Zealand is a history of immigration.,New Zealand is a lightly populated country.,New Zealanders are constantly moving out of their,home country to other parts of the world for various,purposes.,H,ints:,Discuss the reasons why the Ne,Ethnic Diversity in New Zealand,4,FURTHER READING,M,ori migration,After the Second World War the demand for labour in the cities led many Mori to move from the country into the city. In 1966, 38% of Mori lived in rural areas down from 74% in 1945. In 1986 only 21% of Mori lived rurally, with 57% in the main urban areas. Inequalities of income, occupation and housing became more obvious once Mori and Pkeh were in the same location. Moving to the city also cut Mori off from many aspects of the informal economy such as the exchange of kaimoana (seafood).,Ethnic Diversity in New Zealan,New immigrants,A shortage of workers saw the reintroduction of assisted-passage schemes for British migrants, which lasted from 1947 to 1973, and the recruitment of smaller numbers from the Netherlands and southern Europe.,Immigrants from the Pacific, closer to home but less familiar to Pkeh, were also encouraged to enter the country. Workers, and sometimes also their families, from Samoa, Tonga and other Pacific islands arrived in increasing numbers from the 1950s.,4-1,New immigrants4-1,European and Pacific workers usually had different qualifications and skills, and often did different kinds of jobs. Some European migrants did encounter prejudice. Yet the contrast in public perceptions and treatment of these groups was striking. Echoing earlier treatment of ethnic minorities, “Islanders” were stigmatised and scapegoated when economic conditions deteriorated in the 1970s. Pacific people were negatively labelled overstayers. Many with short-term work visas were subjected to “dawn raids” by the police (in 1974), even though European migrants were more frequently working on expired visas.,4-2,European and Pacific wo,4-3,Diverse migration from the 1980s,Wide-ranging immigration legislation and citizenship policies introduced since the mid-1980s significantly altered migrant flows into New Zealand. The new policies were based on the assumption that those best fitted to contribute to the countrys growth and prosperity should be recruited from wherever they were available, rather than on the basis of country of origin. Market forces became the guiding principle for entry. Prospective migrants now had to possess sufficient skills, qualifications, wealth, language proficiency and health to apply for permanent residence. This system led to a significant widening of the ethnic backgrounds of new migrants, although it still favoured migrants from “developed” countries.,4-3Diverse migration from the,4-4,The United Kingdom remained a major source of skilled and business migrants, but many different nationalities were represented in the immigrant flows. Large numbers flowed in from various parts of Asia, along with people from Africa and South America.,Ethnic diversity,In 2006 the census revealed a population with considerable ethnic and cultural diversity. Over half a million pe