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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,吴宜涛,2013/5,Division & Condensation,吴宜涛,Contents,拆译法,拆译单词,拆译短语,拆译复合句,拆译整个句子,缩译法,压缩短语或从句,复合句压缩成简单句,Contents拆译法,In translation, if we follow the original sentence structure , we may find it hard to reproduce the original thought. Besides other ways to deal with this case, we may,divide such a sentence into two or more parts,by picking out those words, phrases or clauses which are “hard nuts to crack” and,making them into Chinese word-groups, clauses or sentences, coordinate or subordinate.,In division, we have to determine where to divide, how to divide, what the subject or the predicate of the new clause or sentence should be, and how to rearrange various parts of the original sentence. These may involve such techniques as,Conversion, Amplification and Inversion,.,In translation, if we follow t,Picking Out of Words,It is advisable to pick out those words which are hard to reproduce in the original structure and expand them into Chinese word-groups, clauses or sentences. There are usually,three steps,to deal with such words:,(1) Determine which word(s) to pick out;,(2) Apply Conversion or Amplification, if necessary, to make the translated version smooth and well-connected;,(3) Rearrange the word order according to the Chinese mode of expression.,Picking Out of WordsIt is advi,Examples:,He reminded me of what I should,otherwise,have forgotten.,他提醒了我，,要不然,我就把这事给忘了。,I shall be glad of your,company,on the journey.,如果你能陪我一块去,，我会很高兴。,The prisoners are permitted to receive Red Cross food parcles and write,censored,letters.,那些囚犯得到允许，可以领取由红十字会提供的食品包裹，也可以写信，,不过所写信件要接受检查,。,Examples:,The time could have been more profitably spent in making a detailed investigation.,(=If the time had been spent in making a detailed investigation, it could have been more profitable),如果当初把时间花在做一番详细的调查上，收获就会更大。,英语很多句子中的某个词语，尤其是,副词,，看上去是修饰与其相邻的某个成分，但实际上,是对整个句子所陈述的内容进行描述或评价,。,The time could have been more,I had,unforgivably, in a stealthy manner, peeped at her correspondence.,我偷偷摸摸地看她的信件，,这实在是难以宽恕的行为,。,They,relentlessly,tear at the flowers they see.,他们见花就摘，,毫不爱惜,。,He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment,internationally,.,他来到华盛顿，就国际形势来说，,时机正合适,。,I had unforgivably, in a steal,The senior leaders departure could,curiously,help the two parties sink an age-long party feud.,老一代领导人的离去竟然使这两个政党陷入了长期的不和，,这确实让人百思不得其解,。,The Chinese seemed,justifiably,proud of their economic achievements.,中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪，,这是合乎情理的。,The senior leaders departure,Picking Out of Phrases,Participial phrases,noun phrases, and,prepositional phrases, etc., if hard to reproduce in the original structure, may likewise be picked out and expanded.,Example:,A crashing thunderstorm, with thick rain hissing down from skies black as night, stopped Victor Henry from leaving the White House.,轰隆几声雷响，从暗如黑夜的天空哗啦啦下起大雨来。,维多克,亨利无法离开白宫。,Nixon was greatly impressed by Stassens,firm handshake,.,史塔生紧紧和他握手,，尼克松对这一点印象很深刻。,Picking Out of Phrases,Splitting of Complex Sentences,A complex sentence, composed of two or more clauses, often expresses a series of logical propositions. In Chinese, however, such notions are preferably expressed in separate clauses or sentences, which are arranged in a certain order.,Separate the Adjective Clause from the Main Clause,Examples:,On behalf of all of your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality,for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world,.,我谨代表你们的所有美国客人向你们表示感谢，感谢你们的无可比拟的盛情款待。,中国人民以这种盛情款待而闻名于世。,Splitting of Complex Sentences,This was the period when Einstein began the research,which resulted in the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity,.,就在这期间，爱因斯坦开始进行一项研究。,经过这项研究，他创立了著名的相对论。,There is now a single accepted pronunciation for the vast majority of words in ordinary polite use,deviation from which is regarded either as a provincialism or as a vulgarism,.,现今日常社交所用的大多数词语的读音已有了一个公认的统一的标准。不符合这个标准，就被称为方言或俗语了。,This was the period when Einst,Matter has certain features or properties,that enable us to recognize it easily,.,物质具有一定的特征或特性，,所以我们能够很容易地识别它。,A gas occupies all of any container,in which it is placed,.,气体不管装在什么容器里,，都会把容器填满。,Matter has certain features or,(2) Separate Other Clauses from the Main Clause,We may separate other clauses from the main clause and rearrange the word order, rendering the main clause or the subordinate clause into Chinese independent element (,独立成分,) or extra-position element (,外位成分,).,Examples:,It is a familiar fact that,nothing in nature will either start or stop moving of itself.,自然界任何物体的运动都不会自行开始或自行停止运动,，这是人所共知的事实。,(2) Separate Other Clauses fro,It is far more often the case,that metals are combined chemically with one or more elements.,金属和一种或多种元素化合在一起，,这种情况就更多了,。,We are fortified in our hope that,the efforts of achieving those ends will be greatly strengthened by the arrivial of the Chinese delegation.,中国代表团的到达将大大加强为实现那些目标的努力，,对此我们抱有更大的希望。,It is far more often the case,Splitting of the Whole Sentence,Division is often needed to translate colloquial expressions, complex and long sentences. It should be noted that,shorter expressions or sentences are generally preferred in Chinese,.,After singing a concert in this city, he said he wanted to greet his admirers backstage as he always does.,他在那个城市举行了一场音乐会。音乐会结束以后，他提出要像往常那样到后台去见见他的崇拜者。,Splitting of the Whole Sentenc,It is flattering to believe that they are too profound to be expressed so clearly that all who run may read, and very naturally it does not occur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection.,认为自己的思想深邃，不可能表达得很清楚，让任何人都理解，这是一种虚荣的想法。这样的作家当然不会想到，问题还是出在自己的脑子缺乏精确思考的能力。,It is flattering to believe th,每年都有大批的外国旅游者来中国观光，中国有许多著名的旅游点，比如长城就是一个有重大历史意义的建筑物，桂林就是一个以不平凡的风景而闻名的地方。,Every year, a great number of foreign tourists come to visit China. China has a lot of famous spots. For example, the Great Wall is a structure of great historical significance, and Guilin is a place known for its unique scenic beauty.,每年都有大批的外国旅游者来中国观光，中国有许多著名的旅游点，,在,6000,平方米展厅内，陈列的地毯品种多、规模全、选择余地大，将给中外客商耳目一新之感。,In the 6,000 square meters exhibition hall, carpets of innumerable varieties and sizes will be on display, with a wide range to facilitate customers selection. These products will impress Chinese and foreign business people.,在6000平方米展厅内，陈列的地毯品种多、规模全、选择余地大,Condensation,The opposite of division is condensation, a technique employed to,achieve conciseness and contractedness in translation,.,Condensation of Phrases and Clauses,No one has told them,about the British custom of lining up for a bus,so that the first person who arrives at a bus stop is the first person to get on the bus,.,谁也没有跟他们说过，英国人有排队候车、,先到先上,的习惯。,Condensation,From that moment on, Kissinger told us, their problem was,to gear the negotiation in such a way that it would support their military objectives,.,基辛格对我们说，从那以后，他们的问题是,设法使谈判配合他们的军事目的。,From that moment on, Kissinger,Condensation of Complex Sentences into Simple Sentences,When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.,我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬绝不是出于礼貌。,There is no time when the circulation of water does not take place.,水循环无时不在进行。,Mercury expands as it gets hotter and contracts as it cools.,水银会热胀冷缩。,Condensation of Complex Senten,
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