旱地小麦水肥管理的研究与思考课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,旱地小麦水肥管理的研究与思考,旱地小麦水肥管理的研究与思考,1,中国学术期刊全文数据库,1953,（,64,）；,1952,（,43,）；,1951,（,49,）；,1950,（,3,）；,1948,（,1,）；,1936,（,1,）,中国学术期刊全文数据库1953（64）；1952（43）；1,2,我国之雨量变率,.,刘恩兰,地理学报，,1936,（,3,）,影响作物产量之多寡,因素固多,然以气候为最著,。,我国旱灾频仍之区，雨量变率为重要原因。,我国雨量最大变率之等候线集中于黄土高原。,陕州在九年（,1925-1933,）中之年平均雨量为,417.2,公厘，在,1927,年平均雨量为,415,公厘，适于平均数相当，但是提陕州因降雨期太迟而遭荒灾。,我国之雨量变率.刘恩兰,地理学报，1936（3）影响作物,3,绿肥对于麦田硝酸氮含量之,影响,.,叶,和,才,.,土壤学报,1948,（,1,）,豆科绿肥为补充土壤氮素及有机质方法之一，但华北旱田鲜有实行绿肥者,。,亩产,绿肥,3000,斤，提供氮素,15,斤，高于华北旱地施肥量（,4,斤,）,种植不增产。,？,绿肥消耗土壤水分，减少下作能吸用之水分，影响作物生长,土壤水分不足，土壤氮素虽足，作物,无从利用,之，氮肥无由发挥其功效,夏闲区产量,71,斤,/,亩,绿肥区,产量,76,斤,/,亩,绿肥对于麦田硝酸氮含量之影响.叶和才.土壤学报,194,4,中国农业科学，,1951,（,2,）,施氮小麦每亩增产超过,30,公斤，占,50%,以上，农学效率可达,300kg/ha,；,施磷小麦,每亩增产超过,30,公斤，,占,30,%,以上，农学效率可达,300kg/ha,；,施钾普遍没有效果。,中国农业科学，1951（2）施氮小麦每亩增产超过30公斤，占,5,中国农业科学，,1952,（,8,）,中国农业科学，1952（8）,6,旱地小麦,水分高效利用,Fig.2.Distribution of the monthly,precipitation,at the experimental site over the 5 year experiment(20082013).,小麦生长期,夏季休闲期,G.He et al./Agricultural Water Management 171(2016)19,旱地小麦水分高效利用Fig.2.Distribution,7,旱地小麦,水分高效利用,Table 5,Soil water storage(mm)in the 0300 cm soil layer at sowing of winter wheat affected by different soil surface managements during summer fallow in the field experiment,from 2009 to 2014,.,夏闲期不同保水模式对旱地小麦播前土壤贮水的影响,处理,Treatments,20092010,20102011,20112012,20122013,20132014,Average,对照,BF,516ab,649b,736b,585b,599b,617c,地膜覆盖,PM,523a,687a,771a,613a,642a,647a,秸秆覆盖,SM,516ab,676ab,761a,588ab,624ab,633b,种植绿肥,GM,501b,664ab,713c,541c,521c,588d,秸秆覆盖,+,种植绿肥,SGM,500b,655b,708c,550c,528c,588d,平均,Average,511D,666B,738A,575C,583C,夏闲期降水类型,Precipitation status of summer,欠,水,丰,水,丰,水,欠,水,平,水,G.He et al./Agricultural Water Management 171(2016)19,旱地小麦水分高效利用Table 5处理 Treatments,8,Table 7,Grain yield of winter wheat(kg ha1)affected by different soil surface managements during summer fallow in five experimental years from 2008 to 2013,.,夏闲期不同保水模式对旱地,小麦,产,量,的,影响,处理,Treatments,20082009,20092010,20102011,20112012,20122013,Average,对照,BF,3301b,3365ab,5070b,7639ab,3877a,4651b,地膜覆盖,PM,4741a,3646a,5751a,7278bc,3243b,4932a,秸秆覆盖,SM,3342b,3145bc,5021b,7032c,2931bc,4294c,种植绿肥,GM,3342b,2973c,4958b,8086a,2448d,4361c,秸秆覆盖,+,种植绿肥,SGM,3342b,3067bc,5190b,7712ab,2673cd,4397c,平均,Average,3614C,3239D,5198B,7549A,3035D,年降水类型,Annual precipitation status,平水年,欠水年,平水年,丰水年,欠水年,G.He et al./Agricultural Water Management 171(2016)19,Table 7处理 Treatments200820092,9,Table 6,ET of winter wheat(mm)affected by different soil surface managements during summer fallow in five experimental years from 2008 to 2013,.,夏闲期不同保水模式对旱地,小麦生育期土壤水分蒸散量的影响,处理,Treatments,20082009,20092010,20102011,20112012,20122013,Average,对照,BF,366a,290b,379b,537a,325a,379a,地膜覆盖,PM,378a,308a,418a,525a,310ab,388a,秸秆覆盖,SM,357a,309a,404ab,518a,286ab,375ab,种植绿肥,GM,357a,288b,385b,491b,258b,355c,秸秆覆盖,+,种植绿肥,SGM,357a,290b,409ab,490b,262b,362bc,平均,Average,363D,297E,399C,512A,288E,379a,夏闲期降水类型,Precipitation status of summer,欠,水,丰,水,丰,水,欠,水,平,水,平,水,G.He et al./Agricultural Water Management 171(2016)19,Table 6处理 Treatments200820092,10,Treatment,20082009,20092010,20102011,2011,2012,2012,2013,Average,对照,BF,9.1b,11.6ab,13.4a,14.2b,12.1a,12.1ab,地膜覆盖,PM,12.7a,11.8a,13.8a,13.9b,10.5ab,12.5a,秸秆覆盖,SM,10.0b,10.2c,12.5a,13.6b,10.5ab,11.4c,种植绿肥,GM,9.5b,10.3c,12.9a,16.5a,9.5b,11.8bc,秸秆覆盖,+,种植绿肥,SGM,9.6b,10.6bc,12.7a,15.7a,10.2ab,11.8bc,平均,Average,10.0D,10.9D,13.1C,14.8B,10.6D,Annual precipitation,513,475,666,722,447,年降水,类型,平水年,欠水年,平水年,丰水年,欠水年,Table,6.WUE of,winter,wheat(kg ha,-1,mm,-1,)affected,by different soil surface managements during summer fallow in five experimental years from 2008 to 2013.,夏闲期不同保水模式对旱地,小麦水分蒸散利用效率的影响,G.He et al./Agricultural Water Management 171(2016)19,Treatment2008200920092010201,11,为什么覆膜后，播前土壤水分增加、小麦产量提高，而小麦生育期耗水没有增加、水分利用效率也没有提高？,能否通过栽培（如品种更新、调整播量等）措施、施肥优化，进一步提高小麦耗水，来提高旱地小麦产量？,为什么覆膜后，播前土壤水分增加、小麦产量提高，而小麦生育期耗,12,秸秆还田小麦的养分需求,153,187,植物营养与肥料,学报,2015,21(4):853-863.,还田,不还,秸秆还田小麦的养分需求153187植物营养与肥料学报,20,13,153,187,植物营养与肥料,学报,2015,21(4):853-863.,还田,不还,153187植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):85,14,153,187,植物营养与肥料,学报,2015,21(4):853-863.,还田,不还,153187植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):85,15,153,187,植物营养与肥料,学报,2015,21(4):853-863.,还田,不还,153187植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):85,16,中国农业科学,2015,48(14):2785-2795,中国农业科学 2015,48(14):2785-2795,17,中国农业科学,2015,48(14):2785-2795,中国农业科学 2015,48(14):2785-2795,18,拔节期,还田秸秆对土壤氮的吸持,越冬期,还田秸秆对土壤氮的吸持,中国农业科学,2015,48(14):2785-2795,拔节期还田秸秆对土壤氮的吸持越冬期还田秸秆对土壤氮的吸持中国,19,为什么在秸秆还田与不还田小麦产量相同的情况，秸秆还田小麦要少吸收氮与钾,，,而多吸收,磷呢？是,因为土壤缺氮、钾？,当秸秆,还,田小麦的产量高于不,还田小麦,产量时，磷的吸收量总是要高于,不还田,小麦呢？,为什么还田秸秆对土壤氮素固持多、时间长？对肥料氮固持少、时间短？,为什么在秸秆还田与不还田小麦产量相同的情况，秸秆还田小麦要少,20,Fig.2.Grain yields of winter wheat at different N rates each year from 2005 to 2013,(a)and,their correlation with N application rate,(b,except,for 2013).,氮肥用量对旱地小麦产量的,影响,J.Dai et al./Field Crops Research 181(2015)3241,该施多少氮肥？,Fig.2.Grain yields of winter,21,Table 2,Winter wheat grain yield and crop N uptake at different N application rates with 100 kg P,2,O,5,ha,1,during 20112013,.,氮肥用量对旱地小麦,产量和吸氮量的,影响,J.Dai et al./Field Crops Research xxx