句子成分和结构复习进程课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,require earn devote inform donate,requirement headmaster literature,available enjoyable challenging fluent,somehow fluently differently usually,require earn devote inform,英语词性的分类,词类又叫词性，英语词性共有十大类。,Parts of Speech,英语词性的分类词类又叫词性，英语词性共有十大类。 Par,1,名词,noun,n.,student,学生,2,代词,pronoun,pron.,you,你,3,形容词,adjective,adj.,happy,高兴的,4,副词,adverb,adv.,quickly,迅速地,5,动词,verb,v.,cut,砍、割,6,数词,numeral,num.,three,三,7,冠词,article,art.,a,一个,8,介词,preposition,prep.,at,在,.,9,连词,conjunction,conj.,and,和,10,感叹词,interjection,interj.,oh,哦,实词,虚词,1 名词 noun n. student 学生,英语句子成分,取得英语语法成功的基石,英语句子成分取得英语语法成功的基石,句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。,组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。,句子成分：,主,谓,宾,表,补,定,状,同位语,句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫,I,met,my best,friend,Tom,at the station yesterday,.,主语,谓,语,定语,宾,语,同位语,状,语,I met my best friend Tom a,主语（,subject,）,句子说明的人或事物,主语一般位于,_,。,Jane,is good at playing the piano.,She,went out in a hurry.,Four,plus four is eight.,To see,is to believe.,Smoking,is bad for health.,The young,should respect the old.,What he has said,is true.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（不定式）,（动名词）,（名词化的形容词）,（句子）,句首,主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物,主语一般位于,找出下列句中的主语并说出是有什么来充当的,1.The sun rises in the east.,2.Seeing is believing.,3.To see is to believe.,4.What he needs is a book.,5.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.,（名词）,（动名词）,（不定式）,（句子）,（,It,形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,找出下列句中的主语并说出是有什么来充当的1.The sun,当,不定式、动名词或从句,在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用,it,作形式主语,置于,句首,，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时,it,只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。,什么情况下用,it,作形式主语？,当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前,你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗,?,你懂得翻译下列句子吗？,1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( ) 2) It is no use arguing about it. ( ) 3) It is uncertain who will come. ( ),说谎是错误的。,争吵是没用的。,谁要来还不确定。,你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻译下列句子吗？说谎,谓语,（,predicate,）,说明主语的动作、状态和特征，用,动词,充当（有时不止一个动词），,主谓,一般要靠在一起。,简单谓语,:,由,动词,或,动词词组,组成,I,saw,the flag on the top of the hill?,He,looked after,two orphans.,复合谓语,由,情态动词或助动词,+,动词,;,He,can speak,English well.,She,doesnt seem,to like dancing, 谓语（ predicate ） 说明主语的动作、状态和,选出下列句中的谓语,He looked up the word in the dictionary.,A. looked B. looked up,C. looked up the word D. in the dictionary,He has caught a bad cold.,A.,has,B.,caught,C.,has caught,D.,a bad cold,He practices running every morning.,A. running B. practices running,C. practices D. every morning,选出下列句中的,Show your passport, please.,She didnt say anything.,How many do you want? - I want two.,They sent the injured to hospital.,They asked to see my passport.,I enjoy working with you.,Did you write down what he said?,（名词 ）,(,代词）,(,数词,),(,名词化的形容词,),(,三,),宾语（,object,）,动作的对象或承受者，,由,n.,或相当于,n.,的词担任。,置于,_,或,_,之后。,（不定式）,（动名词）,（句子）,及物动词,介词,Show your passport, please. （名,有些及物动词如,give, tell, bring, buy,等可以带,双宾语,，一个指人，一个指物。通常情况下，指物的叫直接宾语，指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语多放在直接宾语之前。,间接,宾语,直接,宾语,please pass,me,the book.,He bought,his girlfriend,some flowers,.,He gave,me,some books,.,有些及物动词如give, tell, bring, b,宾语有三种,动宾,I bought,a book,.,直接,/,间接宾语,She gave,John,a book,介宾,They talk about,a book,.,注意,宾语有三种注意,挑出下列句中的宾语,My brother hasnt done his homework., People all over the world speak English.,The teacher turned off the lights., Hell give us a talk.,They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.,挑出下列句中的宾语,（四）表语（,predicative,）,在,系动词,后的部分就是表语,The war was,over.,They seem,to know the truth,.,Time is,precious,.,Im not,quite myself,today.,That remains,a puzzle.,I dont feel,at ease,.,（四）表语（ predicative ）在系动词后的部分就是,系动词,1.,表状态的,be (am, is, are),2.,表感官的,sound, taste, feel,，,look, seem, appear,3.,表持续的,keep, remain, stay, stand,You keep quite!,5.,表变化的,become, grow, come, go,6.,表终止的,prove, turn out,证实,系动词1.表状态的 be (am, is, are),I found the book interesting.,Do you smell something burning?,He made himself known to them.,She asked me to lend her a hand.,（五）宾语补足语,（,object complement,）,补充说明宾语的情况 。由,n. /adj. /,介宾,/,分词,/,不定式,等担任。,与宾语一起构成,复合宾语。,常用的动词有,：,make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let,等,I found the book interesting.,（六）同位语,（,appositive,）,位于,名词或代词,后面，解释说明它们的性质和情况，,两者的语法功能相同，后面是前面的同位语。,We,young people,should respect the old.,He,himself,will do the experiment.,He is the oldest among them,four.,He told me the news,that our team won the,game.,名词,代词,数词,从句,（六）同位语 （ appositive） We young,（,七,）定语,（,attribut,ive,）,He is a clever boy.,His father works in a steel work.,There are 54,students in our class.,Do you known bettys sister?,There is a sleeping baby in bed.,His spoken language is good.,(,形容词,),(,名词,),(,数词,),(,名词的所有格,),(,现在分词,),(,过去分词,),对,n. /pron.,进行修饰限定的成分，,汉语中用,的,表示。,( ),( ),( ),( ),( ),( ),（七）定语（ attributive ）He is a cl,定语后置：,如果定语是,一个单词,时，通常要,前置,。,而由,一个词组或一个句子,表示时，通常,后置。,The girl,in red,is his sister.,We have a lot of work,to do,.,The girl,standing under the tree,is his daughter.,Do you know the man,who spoke just,now,?,定语后置：,用以修饰,adj. /v. /adv.,及全句的,成分,状语的位置灵活。,I am very sorry.,We often help him.,When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher .,（从句作时间状语,),（,八,）状语,（,adverbia,l,）,用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句的成分,I am,状语的分类,:,状语按照内容可分为,时间,地点,原因,目的,结果,条件,让步,方式,程度,伴随状况,等,.,表示,时间、地点、目的的状语,一般位于句子两头，强调时放句首。,状语的分类:表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调,画出下列句子的状语,I will be back in a while.,They are playing on the playground.,He was late because he got up late.,He got up so late that I missed the train.,I waited to see you.,He often went to school by bus.,His parents died, leaving him an orphan.,Please call me if it is necessary.,This book is very interesting.,He went to school in spite of his illness.,画出下列句子的状语 I will be back in a,句子成分巩固练习,（一）指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：,1.,The students,got on the,school,bus.,2. He handed,me,the newspaper.,3. I,shall answer,your question,after class.,4. What a,beautiful,Chinese painting!,5. They went,hunting,together,early in the morning,.,6.,His,job is,to train swimmers,.,7. He took,many photos of the palaces,in Beijing,.,8. He is,to leave for Shanghai,tomorrow.,9.,His wish,is,to become a scientist,.,10. Do you have,anything,else,to say,?,（一）指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：,（二）分析下列各句中所包含的句子成分,（二）分析下列各句中所包含的句子成分,1.Last week I went to the supermarket.,Last week,I,went,to the supermarket,.,状 主 谓 状,2.The play was very interesting.,The play,was,very,interesting,.,主 系 状 表,3.I cant hear a word.,I,cant hear,a word,.,主 谓 宾,4.They were talking loudly.,They,were talking,loudly,.,主 谓 状,1.Last week I went to the supe,4.It was Sunday.,It,was,Sunday,.,主 系表,5.I never get up early on Sundays.,I,never,get up,early,on Sundays,.,主状 谓 状状,6.I looked at the young man and the young woman angrily.,I,looked at,the young man and the,主谓 宾,young woman,angrily,.,宾 状,4.It was Sunday.,7.I read a few lines,but I didnt understand a word.,I,read,a few,lines,but,I,didnt,主 谓定 宾 连 主 谓,understand,a word.,谓 宾,8.My holidays passed quickly,but I didnt send cards to my friends.,My holidays,passed,quickly,but,I,主 谓 状 连 主,didnt send,cards,to my friends,.,谓 宾 宾,7.I read a few lines,but I did,9.I got up early and bought thirty cards.,I,got up,early,and,bought,thirty,cards,.,主 谓 状连 谓 定宾,10.He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.,He,is working,for a big firm,and,he,has,主 谓状 连 主谓,already,visited,a great number of,different,状 谓 定 定,places,in Australia,.,宾定,9.I got up early and bought th,11.He has just bought a car and has gone to Alice Springs,a small town in the centre of Australia.,He,has,just,bought,a car,and,主 谓 状 谓 宾 连,has gone,to Alice Springs,a small town,谓状同位语,in the centre of Australia,.,定,11.He has just bought a car an,12.He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.,He,calls at,every house,in the street,主 谓 宾定,once a month,and,always,asks for,状连 状谓,a meal and a glass of beer,.,宾,12.He calls at every house in,13.You will tell your friend that youve got to school.,You,will tell,your,friend,主 谓 定 间宾,that youve,got to school.,直宾,13.You will tell your frien,noun,adj. / adv.,infinitive,V-ing,V-ed,etc.,主语,谓语,宾语,宾语,宾补,表语,宾语,(,间,),宾语,(,直,),Vt,系动词,Vi,Noun / Pronoun,The + adj,V-ing / Clause,Infinitive,Noun / Pronoun /,The + adj,V-ing / Clause / Infinitive,英语句子基本成分示意图,be / feel / seem / look,appear / stand / lie,become /get / grow / turn,go / come / remain/ keep,taste / smell etc.,noun,pronoun,adj. / adv.,infinitive,V-ing / V-ed,clause,etc.,noun主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)Vt系动,1,. Things changed.,2,. Trees are green.,3,. We dont beat children.,4,. He gave his sister the piano.,5,. I found the book easy.,6. There lies a book on the desk.,主,+,谓,主,+,系,+,表,主,+,谓,+,宾,主,+,谓,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语, ,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,There be,句型,简单句基本句型实例,1. Things changed.主 + 谓,Nobody went.,She became a doctor.,The car caught fire.,I will write you a long letter.,I will let him go.,Practice, ,主,+,谓,主,+,系,+,表,主,+,谓,+,宾,主,+,谓,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,Nobody went. Practice 主,附属成分,基本成分的修饰语。可以是：,定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句,状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。,定 语,Poor,John tottered toward a hospital,nearby,She likes oranges,imported from the USA,.,John gave Mary,many,books,，,which are full of illustrations,Have you seen the book,on the desk,?,The boy,playing over there,is my brother.,People,there,like sports.,附属成分基本成分的修饰语。可以是：定 语,John,often,came,to chat with me,John likes oranges,very much,Whenever he gets drunk,，,John makes Mary very angry,Hearing the news, he jumped,with joy,.,As he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.,She is sitting,at the desk,doing her homework,.,My father worked,in this school,ten years ago,.,Youd better stay,here,.,状 语,John often came to chat with m,按句子的结构分：,1),简单句,2),并列句,3),复合句,句子类型,按句子的结构分：1) 简单句句子类型,简单句,只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。,（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单位。,e.g.,He,often,reads,English in the,morning.,Tom and Mike,are American boys.,She,likes drawing,and often,draws,pictures for the wall newspapers.,简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。,我们可以给,名词加上形容词、介词短语,修饰，给句子的,动词加上副词,修饰或给句子加上,状语,修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更丰富和充实。但不管如何变，都只有,一个主谓结构,。,He worked,hard all his life,.,(,划线部分在句中作状语，修饰动词,worked),He is a school student,in No. 1 Middle School,.,(,划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名词,student),我们可以给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰，给句子的动词加上副词,e.g. You help him,and,he helps you.,The future is bright,;,the road is tortuous.,并列句,句型：,简单句,+,并列连词,+,简单句,并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，,相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系,。它们之间用连词连结。,e.g. You help him and he helps,practice,This is me and these are my friends.,They must stay in water, or they will die.,Its not cheap, but it is very good.,It was late, so I went to bed.,and,or,but,so,He knocked at the door; there was no answer.,Youre alive! And shes dead.,practiceThis is me and these a,就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子。,这种结构中，必定有一个主谓结构是句子,的主句部分，而另一个主谓结构则是句子,的次要部分，即从句部分。,句型,主句,+,引导词,+,从句；或引导词,+,从句,+,主句,复合句,就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子。复合句,句型,主句,+,引导词,+,从句；或引导词,+,从句,+,主句,The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures,when they were at the Great Wall,.,、,(when,引导一个时间状语从句,),As is known to all, China is getting more and more powerful.,(as,引导一个定语从句,),Where there is a will, there is a way.,(Where,引导一个地点状语从句,),句型,名词性从句,状语从句,定语从句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,复合句中的从句包括,A plane is a machine,that,can fly.,He said,that,he didnt like her.,名词性从句状语从句定语从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句,My roommate was sleeping, we didnt want to wake her up.,请用所学知识改正下列病句,My roommate was sleeping .,We didnt want to wake her up.,My roommate was sleeping, so,we didnt want to wake her up.,I went to bed because I was,tired.,I went to bed. Because I was,tired.,My roommate was sleeping, we,China has hundreds of islands, and the largest of which is Taiwan Island.,China has hundreds of islands, the largest of them is Taiwan Island.,China has hundreds of islands, and the largest of them is Taiwan Island,China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan Island,China has hundreds of island,Exercises 判断句型,1.Having finished his homework,the boy went on to help his mother.,2. What he says doesnt suit what he does.,(,简单句,划线部分在句中作状语，修饰整个句子,),(,复合句,包含两个名词性从句：,What he says,是一个主语从句；,what he does,是一个宾语从句,),Exercises 判断句型1.Having finishe,3. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.,4. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.,5. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?,简单句,复合句,简单句,3. We often study Chinese hist,6. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.,7. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.,8. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.,并列句,复合句,简单句,6. He is in Class One and I am,9. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.,10. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?,11. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.,12. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.,并列句,复合句,简单句,简单句,9. Neither has he changed his,1. She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later.,A. arrivingB. to arrive,C. having arrived D. and arrived,2. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.,A. whom B. where,C. which D. while,1. She set out soon after dark,3. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of that,4. She is American, _ she knows little about American history.A. so B. yet C. and D. therefore,3. Recently I bought an ancien,5. _ several times about it, but he could not give the correct answer. A. Being asked,B. Having been asked,C. He would ask,D. He had been asked,6. _ the days went on, the situation there got worse.A. With B. Since C. While D. As,5. _ several times about it,7.,She won the first prize in the speech contest and _ surprised us.A. which B. it C. as D. who,She won the first prize in the speech contest, _ surprised us.A. which B. it C. as D. who,7.,8. _ the text a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you.A. Read B. Reading,C. If reading D. When you read,9. _, so he didnt come to school last week.A. Though he was ill,B. Being ill,C. Having been ill,D. He was ill,8. _ the text a second time,