企业电子商务采购概述(ppt 25)

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,电子商务与电子采购,孙强,目录,电子商务时代,企,企业竞争环境,的,的变迁,电子商务与企,业,业资源计划的,发,发展状况,电子商务应用,实,实务,企业电子采购,规,规划,B2B,是新近兴起的,现,现象,前电子商务时,代,代，只有大企,业,业才能用电子,专,专线进行商务,活,活动,现阶段电子商,务,务解决方案可,以,以不受限制,的,的规模化扩张,Operating,Resources,60%,Human,Resources,21%,Profit,Dividends,6%,Taxes,Other,13%,Services Organization,服务型组织,Source:AMR,CAPS(Center for Advanced Purchasing Studies),Manufacturing,Resources,28%,Human,Resources,17%,Profit,Dividends,6%,Taxes,Other,13%,“Typical”Organization,典型组织,Operating,Resources,36%,企业为什么先,从,从电子采购着,手,手开展电子商,务,务？,采购成本,加工成本,人力资源,利润,税及其他,Authorization,Purchase Order,Requisition,Acknowledgment,Receiving,Buyer,Mail Check,Invoice,Bank,Supplier,Accounts Payable,Ship,3-Way Match,Operating,Resources,固定的手工和,纸,纸介质操作过,程,程,系统分立,缺乏整体控制,成本高,传统采购过程,介,介绍,采购成本,询价单,订单,采购审批,发票,货比三家,支付,电子采购是一,个,个网络节点,方,方便的解决信,息,息传递过程,7,Process/Technology,Technology Enablers,Procurement,User Requisition,Payment,Shared Service,Center,Technology Enablers,技术系统能够：,与,ERP,集成,进行电子采购操作,采购活动分析,2,1,4,5,6,3,Suppliers,ShipGoods,Receiving,Purchae Order,Technology Components,用户需求,采购活动,采购订单,接受订单,服务中心,供应商,采购方收益,$100,13,6,4,3,2,$72,使用,B,2B,之前,Price reductions,价格降低,Better compliance,更方便,Process improvement,优化流程,Standardi-zation,标准化,Optimized capacity utilization,易于掌握,28%savings opportunity,节省28%的机会,使用,B2B,以后,Source:McKinsey;AMR Research,供应商收益,Cost per sales,Interaction,每单信息,交换成本,Direct call,直接拜访,Trade show,贸易展示,Tele-marketing,电话销售,Internet,互联网,$277,$62,$31,$1,Source:eStats;BusinessWeek,Cost per customer,service interaction,每个客户服务成本,In person,人员服务,Call center,电话服务中心,Voice response,语音服务,Internet,互联网,$10,$7.50,$2.45,$0.18,Order,processing cost,订单处理成本,Paper-based,纸介质成本,Internet,互联网成本,$8-25,$0.30-1.00,以企业为依托,的,的电子市场已,经,经成为现实,Procure,Produce,Products,Manage,Logistics,Forecast,Demand,Enterprise B2B,企业级,B2B,“Business-to-business commerce conducted over the internet”,通过互联网进行企业之间的,电子商务,Many 1 to 1 Connections,Public eMarket,“Online business trading communities acting on behalf of their participants to increase the efficiency and effectiveness across an Industry”,The Networked Industry,GM,Ford,DC,Covisint,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,Private eMarket,自有电子市场,“Private marketplaces which connect enterprise with its community of trading partners”,供企业与其贸易伙伴进行商务活动,Many to One to Many,VW,VW Exchange,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,采购方多对一,的,的模式,采购方一对多,的,的模式,网络产业模式,通过规模化和,商,商务协同获得,更,更大的收益,B2B Procurement:,“Lower the,cost,of interactions”,B2B,：,降低信息交互成本,“Replace inventory,with information,through,coordination,”,通过,协同，用信息代替库存,B2B Marketplaces:,“Maximize market,information,”,B2B,电子,市场：市场信息最大化,案例讨论：,石,石药集团如何,降,降低采购成本,？,？,石药集团要求,通,通过电子采购,降,降低采购成本,，,，请提出你的,解,解决方案？,背景资料：,石药集团年营,业,业额100亿,，,，采购额10,亿,亿。2003,年,年底实施电子,采,采购。在5个,分,分公司中的中,润,润药业的检查,中,中，认为管理,效,效率的确提高,了,了，但产品价,格,格降低不明显,。,。,集团领导要求,采,采购总监宿军,兴,兴在2005,年,年通过电子采,购,购降低采购成,本,本5%。,大多,数,数行,业,业网,站,站已,经,经建,成,成,中国,行,行业,和,和企,业,业网,站,站建,设,设的,现,现状,行业,钢铁,联,联盟,中,中联,钢,钢,石油,能,源,源一,号,号,医药,行,行业,中,国,国医,药,药网,商业,三,禧,禧网,企业,联想,与,与,Freemarkets,的合,作,作,秦皇,岛,岛电,厂,厂等,选,选择,晨,晨砻,采,采购,网,网,拓展,中,中的,电,电子,商,商务,环,环境,Procurement Service Provider,Marketplaces&Exchanges,Enterprisee-Procurement,Commerce Services Network,商务服务网络,Supplier A,Supplier B(Catalog Site),Marketplace,Information&AnalysisServices,信息分析,Supplier&ContentServices,供应商和内容服务,DynamicTradeServices,动态交易,OnlinePaymentServices,在线支付,TransactionRoutingServices,订单传送,Logistics&FulfillmentServices,运输和仓储,Illustration:Ariba MarketPlace,(with permission),企业,电,电子,采,采购,采购,服,服务,提,提供,商,商,采购,方,方发,起,起的,市,市场,和交,易,易平,台,台,可用,于,于目,录,录采,购,购,的供,应,应商,B,供应,商,商发,起,起,的市,场,场,客户,面,面临,着,着多,样,样性,选,选择,eProcurement,Vendor,Collaborative,New Product,Development,Captive,Distributor,Extranet,Vertical Mfg.,Integration,Extranet,Site,O,O,O,D,D,A,A,Outsourced,Manufacturing,Distributors,Alliance,Partners,S,S,S,EDI,?,?,?,?,Private,eHub,S,S,?,C,C,Third Party b2c,e.g.,L,eTail Portal/,Extranet,e.g.WebVan,Private Exchanges,e.g.,Wal-Mart,Other Customer,Private Exchanges,e.g.,Kroger,S,S,S,C,C,C,?,C,C,C,EDI,Portal,Site,Wireless,?,?,?,C,Retail Link,GNX,Transora,S,S,S,C,C,C,C,S,S,S,Nistevo,C,C,C,C,C,C,C,Niche eMarkets,e.g.,C-Storematrix,C,C,WWRE,C,C,CPGmarket,?,?,?,?,?,CPG plc,全球,网,网交,易,易平,台,台,行业,电,电子,交,交易,平,平台,公共,电,电子,市,市场,西尔,斯,斯电,子,子市,场,场,D,采购,联,联盟,服,服务,E,新产,品,品协,同,同开,发,发服,务,务,F,物流,信,信息,接,接口,服,服务,G,加工,行,行业,加,加工,外,外包,协,协同,系,系统,H,第三,方,方,B2C,网站,IeTailPortal/Extranet,J,供应,商,商的,自,自有,交,交易,市,市场,K,自有,交,交易,平,平台,C,自有,的,的接,口,口服,务,务,电子,采,采购,的,的发,展,展历,程,程,99,2000,年,年，,技,技术,兴,兴起,，,，目,录,录采,购,购/,网,网上,开,开放,购,购买,，,，以,电,电子,采,采购,为,为中,心,心的,管,管理,信,信息,系,系统,的,的兴,起,起，,00,01,年,年，,电,电子,商,商务,的,的预,期,期达,到,到顶,峰,峰，,ERP,兴起,，,，疯,狂,狂采,购,购，,早,早期,用,用户,使,使用,失,失败,，,，电,子,子采,购,购联,盟,盟团,结,结,01,03,年,年，,网,网络,寒,寒冬,：,：客,户,户开,始,始对,于,于总,成,成本,的,的重,新,新认,知,知，,许,许可,证,证收,费,费的,突,突然,降,降低,，,，,03,04,年,年，,业,业务,复,复苏,：,：行,业,业领,袖,袖坚,持,持下,来,来了,，,，注,重,重了,解,解和,满,满足,客,客户,需,需求,，,，对,该,该业,务,务的,认,认知,增,增加,了,了。,04,05,年,年以,后,后，,形,形成,公,公认,的,的行,业,业标,准,准，,投,投资,回,回报,率,率开,始,始稳,定,定。,系统,拥,拥有,者,者的,总,总成,本,本问,题,题,软件,成,成本