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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,四级作文写作技巧,四级作文写作技巧,1,英语四级考试作文的,评分依据,是：,文章切题，条理清楚语言准确和字数符合要求,.,所谓切题就是要求考生紧扣文章大纲；条理则要求考生词汇、语法运用不出错误；四级作文的字数要求一般是不少于120字。,英语四级考试作文的评分依据是：文章切题，条理清楚语言准确和字,2,一、审题,题型：,文字命题：,明确的标题,和,提纲要点,或,起始句,图表命题：,图表,或,图画,并带有,相应的文字提示信息,应用文,主题,体裁：,议论文,，,说明文，记叙文,和,应用文,从近些年看，四级作文不是单一的体裁，而是几种体裁的糅合体。,一、审题 题型：,3,二、确定主题句,审完题后，接下来就是如何写的问题。第一步是确定主题句，主题句既能保证你不跑题，又能帮助你制定写作思路。,例如2006.6作文题,On Students Choosing Lecturers,，所给提纲如下：,（1）有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课老师。,（2）学生选择老师时所考虑的主要因素是,（3）学生自选任课老师的益处及可能产生的问题。,二、确定主题句审完题后，接下来就是如何写的问题。第一步是确定,4,二、确定主题句,上述题目的,三段主题句,为：,At present,some colleges and universities have allowed their students to choose their own teachers for certain reasons.,When it comes to choosing lecturers,some factors should be taken into account.,There is a good side and a bad side to everything,and the selection of lecturers is no exception.,二、确定主题句 上述题目的 三段主题句为：,5,三、组织段落,确定主题句后，接下来的工作就是展开论述。将文章合理划分为三段：基本上包括,开头，主体，结尾,三个部分。,组织段落的能力也是尤为重要的（接下来的连贯与衔接部分，我们更为详细的为大家讲解)。,行文时，不只是提供一些information,还要学会运用一些examples,personal experiences,comparisons,descriptions等等，只有这样，才不会觉得无话可“写”。,三、组织段落确定主题句后，接下来的工作就是展开论述。将文章合,6,1.观点论证型,第一部分：总结描述。主题句+扩展句,第二部分：论据及理由。主题句+举例,第三部分：表明自己的观点，总结全文。,It pays to be honest,Honesty is the best policy,1.观点论证型第一部分：总结描述。主题句+扩展句,7,利弊选择型,第一部分：简述事件,第二部分：阐述第一种看法，给出理由或举例,主题句+理由/举例1+理由/举例2+理由/举例3,第三部分：阐述第二种看法，给出理由或举例,主题句+理由/举例1+理由/举例2+理由/举例3,第四部分：表面自己的观点，总结全文。,Spring festival gala on CCTV,利弊选择型第一部分：简述事件,8,现象解释型,第一部分：描述现象，引起话题。,第二部分：对现象进行分析，解释现象发生或变化的原因,第三部分：针对现象做出评论，表明自己的态度、观点和做法等。,Harmfulness of fake commodities,现象解释型第一部分：描述现象，引起话题。,9,途径方法型,第一部分：概述现状，提出问题,第二部分：分析和解决问题,第三部分：总结全文或提出建议,How to succeed in a job interview,途径方法型第一部分：概述现状，提出问题,10,应用文,第一部分：简短的问候，自我介绍，引出话题，提出写信的目的。,第二部分：就上面提及的问题进行展开阐述。,第三部分：总结补充，提出解决问题的方案或者对问题的解决表示期盼。以简单的结束语收尾。,A letter in reply to a friends inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university,应用文第一部分：简短的问候，自我介绍，引出话题，提出写信的目,11,A Letter Reply to a Friend,December 27,2011,Dear Tom,I am looking forward to your good news.,sincerely/truly/faithfully yours,Li Ming,A Letter Reply to a Friend,12,四、连贯与衔接,1.列举法,列举事实或举出实例来说明中心思想,是简单易行、具有说服力的写作方法。,列举时常用,for example,for instance,such as,like,takeas an/for example,to illustrate,等词语.,Communicating with other people by telephone is very convenient,especially when you have something urgent.,For example,if one of your family members is seriously ill at night,and you dont know how to deal with it and where to find a doctor,what can you do?A telephone is the answer.Dial 120 and you will get services from the hospital very soon.,四、连贯与衔接1.列举法列举事实或举出实例来说明中心思想,13,2.分类法,一般是在主题句之后，依次罗列段落指示词所表达的几个部分或几个方面。然后，选用丰富的事例对所罗列的各个部分或各个方面进行具体地说明或解释。,There are three basic kinds of materials that can be found in any good library.,First,there are books on all subjects,both in English and in many other languages.These books are organized according to subject,title,and author in a central file canned the card catalog.,Second,there are reference works,which include encyclopedias,dictionaries,bibliography,atlases,etc.,and which generally must be used in the library itself.,Third,there are periodicals-magazines,newspapers,pamphlets-which are filed alphabetically in racks,or which have been filmed to conserve space.,分类时常用：,most of all，next，moreover，in addition，besides，furthermore，to begin with，to start with，first of all，first，second，third,2.分类法一般是在主题句之后，依次罗列段落指示词所表达的几个,14,3.因果关系,在段落一开头，就用主题句点明其因果关系，然后选用有关材料，客观的罗列某些原因或结果，以阐述中心思想。,Growing numbers of Americans are making the decision to move abroad.They find it impossible in America to walk the streets at night without fear of being raped,mugged,or murdered,nor do they see a way to escape the poisonous air of the cities.They maintain that even American food has become increasingly dangerous to eat.Last but not least,they insist that they are sick of the pace of American life,a pace that leaves no time for relaxation or pleasure.因果关系常用语汇:,because of,so,owing to,thanks to,thus,as a result of,hence,for this reason,consequently,is caused by,lead to,result in,3.因果关系在段落一开头，就用主题句点明其因果关系，然后选,15,4比较法,主题句必须明确表明所要比较的对象和所要比较的范围，实际上就是罗列两个或两个以上比较对象的相同点。,Learning English is like building a house.Laying a solid foundation is the first and most important step.In other words,you should read and speak English every day.Memorizing new words and phrases is also helpful.Like building a house,learning English takes some time.So dont be impatient.Remember,Rome wasnt built in a day.常用语汇：,at the same time,similar to,accordingly,both,similarly,the same as,in the same way,4比较法主题句必须明确表明所要比较的对象和所要比较的范围，,16,1:do preparations for writing,(,Example,),Title,:On Job-hopping,Outline,1,job hopping is a common phenomenon,2,the reasons for job hopping,:,low income;great pressure;less likely to be promoted,3,the result of job hopping,:,lack of experience and training,4,solutions or advice for settling the problem,as to individuals,:learn to adapt to jobs,as far as companies are concerned,in the long run,it is better to accommodate employees incom
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