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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2000-1,王青-管理学院-上海交通大学,6-,#,Trend of OS,Contents,Introduction,Principle of Organizational Design,-,Vertical dimension,-,Horizontal dimension,Trend of Organizational Design,Assignment,Organizational structure is defined as the specification of the jobs to be done within an organization and the ways in which they relate to one another.,Definition,Simple structure,Wife,Husband,Executive Director,Assistant to the Executive Director,Director of Personnel,Director of Purchasing,Director of Operation,Other Directors,Unit 1 Manager,Unit 2 Manager,Personnel,Operation,Purchasing,Other,Executive Director,Assistant to the Executive Director,Director of Personnel,Director of Purchasing,Director of Operation,Other Directors,Unit 1 Manager,Unit 2 Manager,Personnel,Operation,Purchasing,Other,Authority,:,The rights inherent lie in a managerial position to give orders and expect them to be obeyed.,Responsibility,:,An obligation to perform assigned activities.,Authority&Responsibility,Line authority:,the authority that entitles a manager to direct the work of a subordinate.,Staff authority,:,authority given to individuals who support,assist,and advise others who have line authority.,Chain of command,:,the flow of authority from the top to the bottom of an organization.,Authority,Centralization:,lower managers are not capable at making decisions.,Validity,:,More stable environment.,Decision is significant.,Company is large.,Disadvantage:,Face crisis or failure risk.,Centralization,Decentralization:,lower managers are capable at making decisions.,Validity:,uncertain Environment.,Decision is minor,Company is geographically dispersed.,Decentralization,The number of subordinates a manager can supervise efficiently and effectively.,Span of Control,Contrasting Spans of Control,Assuming Span of 4,Assuming Span of 8,1,1,4,8,16,4096,512,64,64,256,1024,4096,Operators:4096,Managers:1365 level:7,Operators:4096,Managers:585,Level:5,Tall&Flat org:,Tall structures,have many levels of authority relative to the organizations size.,Communication gets difficult and Communications can also become garbled.,More time being taken to implement decisions.,Flat structures,have few levels but wide spans of control.,Results in quick communications but can lead to overworked managers.,The process of grouping individuals into separate units or departments to accomplish organization goals,Functional departmentalization,Product,&Service,departmentalization,Geographic Departmentalization,Market or Customer Departmentalization,Process departmentalization,Global structure,Departmentalization,Grouping activities by functions performed.,Functional departmentalization,Functional Departmentalization,Executive Director,Director of Personnel,Director of Purchasing,Director of Operation,Other Directors,Unit 1 Manager,Unit 2 Manager,Personnel,Operation,Purchasing,Other,divisions created according to the type of product or service.,Product,&Service,departmentalization,Product,&Service,Structure,Geographic structure,:,divisions based on the area of a country or world served.,Geographic Departmentalization,Geographic Structure,Market structure:,divisions based on the types of customers served.,Market or Customer Departmentalization,Market or Customer Departmentalization,Process departmentalization,Grouping activities on the basis of product or customer flow.,Process departmentalization,When managers find different problems or demands across the globe,global solutions are needed.,Global geographic structure,:,different divisions serve each world region.,Global product structure,:,Customers in different regions buy similar products so firms keep most functional work at home and set up a division to market product abroad.,Global Structures,Trend,of OS,Matrix Structure,Team-based Structure,Network,Structure,Matrix structure:,managers group people by function and product teams simultaneously.,Advantage:,Disadvantage:,Matrix,Structure,Matrix Structure,CEO,Func.,Managers,Sales,Design,Production,Product,team A,Product,team B,Product,team C,Product Team,=,two boss employee,Team Managers,Product Team Structure:,The members are permanently assigned to the team and empowered to bring a product to market.,Team-based Structure,Product Team Structure,CEO,Func.,Managers,Sales,Design,Production,Manufacturing,Manufacturing,Manufacturing,=,Product Team Manager,=,Team member,a whole series of strategic alliances.,Created between suppliers,manufacturers,and distributors.,Advantage:,Disadvantage:,Network,Structure,Network,Structure,
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