英语国家社会习俗第七章 餐桌礼仪

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,第七章 餐桌礼仪,-Chapter 7 The table,manners,.,Introduction,The Chinese have a famous saying eating is the first,as the food not only meets the basic needs of people,but also serves as the inheritance of the old tradition.Celebration and mourning and can all be the reason for the setting of a banquet.During the lunar New Year,the marriage gatherings,traditional Chinese festivals such as the Mid-Autumn festival,the Chinese people will be together,regardless of the old and young,and sit before the table to celebrate the holidays.If someone is dead,the host will hold the“comfort banquet after the completion of the funeral mourning,which invites the fete relatives and friends to attend the funeral,and to thank them for their kindness.It is quite visible to see the importance of the unique joy and sorrow shared by the Chinese people.The old and full-of-tradition Chinese culture has created the unique table manners in China,and meanwhile,the western table manners are also the shiny and gorgeous pearls in the human cultural heritage and pearl.A person should be familiar with the western table manners,so that he can better communicate with them,and can also develop their countrys own culture and tradition at the same time.,中国人向来“以食为先，饮食除了是满足人的根本需求，亦是秉承传统习俗，聚首饭桌前大快朵颐。设宴的原因可以是庆贺，也可以是哀痛。每逢农历新年、结婚、中国节日如中秋节等，中国人便会一家老少聚首饭桌前共贺佳节；但另方面，假设有人离世，丧家会在葬礼完成后设“解慰酒，宴请出席葬礼的亲戚朋友，向他们表示谢意，可见中国人十分重视聚首饭桌前分享喜乐与悲哀。古老与传统秉承的中国文化造就了独特的中国餐桌礼仪，同样，西方的餐桌礼仪也如人类文化遗产中的瑰宝和明珠，无比绚烂夺目，熟悉西方的餐桌礼仪，才能更好地与他们交流，也才能更好得去发扬自己国家的文化与传统，才能走向世界，走得更远。,第一节 美国,1.饭前Beforedining,餐桌上都不应该戴帽子；在白天拜访别人的时候女士专用的帽子例外。Mensandunisexhatsshouldneverbewornatthetable.Ladieshatsmaybewornduringthedayifvisitingothers.,在正式的宴会中，男士们须站在自己的座位后面，等女士们都坐下了以后，才能坐下。Beforesittingdowntoaformalmeal,gentlemenstandbehindtheirchairsuntilthewomenareseated.,在开始吃饭前，主人要做饭前的谢饭祷告，这在美国的家庭里是很普遍的，客人应该参加这个谢饭的祷告，至少要在祷告的时候保持安静以示尊敬。如果被邀请的客人有不同的信仰，主人的谢饭祷告不应该包括深奥的宗教仪式Aprayerorblessingmaybecustomaryinsomehouseholds,andtheguestsmayjoininorberespectfullysilent.Mostprayersaremadebythehostbeforethemealiseaten.Hostsshouldnotpracticeanextendedreligiousritualinfrontofinvitedguestswhohavedifferentbeliefs.,一般要等到每一个人都拿到了食物以后，大家一起开始吃。在别人还没有拿到食物以前，不应该擅自开始先吃；除非那些还没有拿到食物的人士请你不要等候，你才可以先吃。Onedoesnotstarteatinguntileverypersonisservedorthosewhohavenotbeenservedrequestthatyoubeginwithoutwaiting.,餐巾是放在膝盖上的。在正式的宴会中，客人要等主人把他她的餐巾放到膝盖上之后，才把自己的餐巾放上。Napkinsareplacedinthelap.Atmoreformaloccasionsdinerswillwaittoplacetheirnapkinsontheirlapsuntilthehostplaceshisorhernapkinonhisorherlap,在正式的宴会上，食物应该同时送到餐桌上的每一位，但还是要等主人拿起餐具之后客人才能拿起餐具进餐。Atmoreformaloccasionsalldinersshouldbeservedatthesametimeandwillwaituntilthehostessorhostliftsaforkorspoonbeforebeginning,如果你不能吃某些食品，在你作客的时候，如果主人不是你的亲戚，不应要求主人为你另外再增添你要吃的食品。Evenifonehasdietaryrestrictions,itisinappropriatefornon relativestorequestfoodotherthanthatwhichisbeingservedbythehostataprivatefunction.,2.进餐时的礼仪：Generalmannerswhiledining,在家庭式的用餐中常常是把一盘菜传到各位的面前，有时由主人把菜拿到客人面前，稍微讲究一点的会有佣人把菜呈到客人面前。如果是传的话，你要按其他盘子传的同一个方向把菜传给下一位。当你拿到传过来的菜盘子，你可以从中取菜。在取的时候，不要取超过餐桌上人数比例的量，这样的话餐桌上的每一个人都能得到一份。如果你不想吃传过来的菜，那就把它递给下一位，但是千万不要解释你为什么不吃或者作什么评论。如果是有人把菜盘子端给你，他会问你是否需要，你可以简单地答复“是的，请给一些或者“谢谢，我不需要。,Whenadishisofferedfromaservingdish(a.k.a.familystyle),asisthetraditionalmanner,thefoodmaybepassedaroundorservedbyahostorstaff.Ifpassed,youshouldpassontheservingdishtothenextpersoninthesamedirectionastheotherdishesarebeingpassed.Placetheservingdishonyourleft,takesome,andpasstothepersonnexttoyou.Youshouldconsiderhowmuchisontheservingdishandnottakemorethanaproportionalamountsothateveryonemayhavesome.Ifyoudonotcareforanyofthedish,passittothenextpersonwithoutcomment.Ifbeingservedbyasingleperson,theservershouldrequestiftheguestwouldlikeanyofthedish.TheguestmaysayYes,please,orNo,thankyou.,当为进餐人士效劳的时候，上菜都是从进餐者的左边放到他她的前面；而撤盘子的时候，都是从进餐者的右边拿走。但是对于饮料，可以从左右的任何一方呈上和撤离。,Whenserving,servefromtheleftandpick-upthedishfromtheright.Beverages,however,aretobebothservedas,wellasremovedfromtheright-handside,在喝汤的时候，用汤匙由靠近你的一处开始，向远离你的方向打汤。不要把整个汤匙放入嘴里来喝汤，而是在汤匙的边上喝汤。如果汤碗里只剩一点儿汤了，你可以用不拿汤匙的手把汤碗靠近你的一边略略提起，这将使你比较容易把余下的汤流入你的汤匙。Dipyoursoupspoonawayfromyouintothesoup.Eatsoupnoiselessly,frmthesideofthespoon.Whenthereisasmallamountleft,youmayliftthefrontendof,thedishslightlywithyourfreehandtoenablecollectionofmoresoupwithyourspoon.,如果光用叉子把食物叉起来有困难的话，可以用一小片面包或者餐刀帮助；但是千万不要直接用手。Ifyouarehavingdifficultygettingfoodontoyourfork,useasmallpieceofbreadoryourknifetoassist.Neveruseyourfingersorthumb.,3.使用餐具的礼仪：Usingutensils,叉子是用来把块状食物送入嘴里的工具。不要直接用手抓着吃。可以直接用手的食物是：面包，芦笋尖，鸡翅膀，和比萨饼之类。Theforkisusedtoconveysolidfoodtothemouth.Donotuseyourfingersunlesseatingfoodscustomarilyeatenassuch,suchasbread,asparagusspears,chickenwings,pizza,etc,不可把餐具当乐器来玩弄。,Donotmakeunnecessarynoiseswithutensils,美国式的用叉法是：右手拿刀左手拿叉；右手不拿刀时，可以用右手拿叉。欧洲式的用叉法是：永远用左手拿叉。TheforkmaybeusedeitherintheAmericanstyle(usetheforkinyourlefthandwhilecutting;switchtorighthandtopickupandeatapiece)ortheEuropeanContinentalstyle(forkalwaysinlefthand).,除非餐桌上提供专门放刀的刀架以外，在不用餐刀时，餐刀应该平放在远离你的盘子一边，刀口对你自己。不可把刀的一头放在盘子上，另外一