Aging--Population

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Aging Population,Vicky Yao,Feb.18th,2023,CONTENT,Definition,Aging around the world,Aging in China,Definition,“Aging of population,is a summary term for shifts in the age distribution of a population toward older ages.,Aging around the world,Population ageing is widespread across the world.It is most advanced in the most highly developed countries.However the Oxford Institute of Population Ageing,one of the top institutions looking at global population ageing,has concluded that population ageing has slowed considerably in Europe and will have the greatest future impact in Asia.,According to U.S Census Bureau Report,people above 65 years of age will double in representation of the whole by 2040.Elders 65 and above represent today 7 percent of the worlds population.It is predicted that within 30 years it will double to 14 percent,.,The Graying of the United States,Reasons,The dying rate is decreasing in recent years because of better medical treatment,which make the elder living longer,in hot economics today.,With longer education time,the age of women having their first baby after marriage has grown,too.,People are more likely to settle down at a later age,having already settled into their career.,In industrialized countries,the number of people reaching retirement age is growing,while the number of working age people is declining.,Influences,lack of human resource,(Labor supply depends on the number of working age population with working age population activities rate.),more retired people,high social stress,Aging in China,Causes of Population Aging in China,Population AgingChinas Disadvantages,Population AgingChinas Advantages,How Can China Cope with Population Aging?,Causes of Population Aging in China,One more special:,China carried out birth control in the 1970s,which caused the steep birth rate declines.,4,2023 The Conference Board,Inc.,Fertility Decline in China,6,2023 The Conference Board,Inc.,Declining Death Rates for Chinas Men from their Late Forties,through all Older Age Groups,7,2023 The Conference Board,Inc.,Declining Death Rates for Chinas Women from their Late Forties,through all Older Age Groups,26,2023 The Conference Board,Inc.,Median Age of Asian Populations,2023-2050,Country,Japan,South Korea,China,Indonesia,India,Pakistan,2023,41.3,32.0,30.0,24.8,22.7,18.8,2023,44.6,38.0,34.9,28.2,25.0,22.1,2023,48.5,43.4,37.9,32.0,28.1,25.3,2030,52.1,48.1,41.3,35.4,31.7,28.2,2040,54.3,51.9,44.1,38.4,35.3,30.9,2050,54.9,54.9,45.0,41.1,38.6,34.1,9,2023 The Conference Board,Inc.,Population concentrated in working ages,China has a demographic window of opportunity,which,has been benefiting Chinas economy for over 2 decades,and will continue to do so for several more decades.,Not only is child dependency low today,so is aged,dependency.,Todays elderly cohorts are comparatively small.Most,were born and raised before the PRC was founded,during war,invasion,economic dislocation.,Therefore,most of Chinas population today is in the,working age groups.They tend to be healthier than the,old,and they at least have the potential to work and,produce.,Labor force age groups have increased faster than,Chinas total population for 3 decades.,10,2023 The Conference Board,Inc.,Employment Challenges,The huge and growing working age groups have posed,the challenges of increasing the numbers of jobs as well,as raising job productivity.,The most recent decadejob growth has barely kept up,with population growth in labor force ages.Productivity,per worker has increased rapidly.,Now with the global economic downturn,employment,headaches are fast becoming salient.,12,2023 The Conference Board,Inc.,China,2023 Population Structure,China,2023,80000,60000,40000,20230,0,20230,40000,60000,80000,85+,80-84,75-79,70-74,65-69,60-64,55-59,50-54,45-49,40-44,35-39,30-34,25-29,20-24,15-19,10-14,5-9,0-4,Male,Female,Population(in thousands),Source:U.S.Census Bureau,International Data Base,Populationinthousands,2045,2035,2050,2023,2040,2030,2023,1995,2023,2023,2025,2023,1990,18,2023 The Conference Board,Inc.,200,000,150,000,400,000,Figure 1.Elderly in China,Population Projection to 2050,450,000,85+,350,000,80-84,300,000,75-79,250,000,70-74,65-69,100,000,60-64,50,000,0,Year,13,2023 The Conference Board,Inc.,Population AgingChinas Disadvantages:,Not yet a highly developed country.,Weak pension and health care systems,especially in the,countryside.,Current and increasing aging of the workforce.,Low urban retirement ages coupled with rapidly rising number of,urbanites in their forties and older.,Elderly villagers left behind as their grown children migrate to,urban areas.,22,2023 The Conference Board,Inc.,Population AgingChinas Advantages:,Culture of strong family ties and widespread expectation that,family members will care for the elderly;this responsibility is,also a legal one.,Unusually high levels of literacy and educational attainment for,a developing country population.,High labor force participation am