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,*,土木工程英语,1,Chapter 6 Reinforced Concrete,Chapter 6,1Chapter 6 Reinforced Concrete,2,Conversation,1.Our concrete material is mixed in a rotating-drum batch mixer at the job site.,我们用的混凝土是在现场的间歇式转筒搅拌机中搅拌的。,2.Quality of concrete depends on proper placing,finishing,and curing.,混凝土的质量取决于适当的灌注、抹光和养护。,3.The workers tend to start the final finishing now.,工人们现在打算开始最后的抹光作业。,4.The concrete can be made stronger by pre-stressing in our factory.,在我们厂里可以使混凝土通过预加应力得到增强。,Chapter 6,2ConversationChapter 6,5.Most of construction material can be tested in our laboratory.,我们的实验室可以检验大部分建筑材料。,6.We shall finish the civil work by the end of the year.,在年底前我们将完成土建工作。,Cement steel and timber are the most important construction materials used in civil engineering.,水泥、钢材和木材是土建工程中最重要的建筑材料。,7.These are the anchor bolts(rivets,unfinished bolts,high-strength structural bolts)for the structure.,这是用于结构的锚定螺栓（铆钉、粗制螺栓、高强度结构用螺栓）。,3,5.Most of construction mater,4,8.The holes of anchor bolts will be grouted with normal(Portland,non-shrinkage)cement mortar.,这些地脚螺孔将灌入普通（波特兰，无收缩）水泥砂浆。,9.We usually measure the strength of concrete at 28 days after which has been cast.,我们通常在混凝土灌注后,28,天测定其强度。,10.The average compressive strength of samples is 500kg/cm,2,.,试样的平均抗压强度为,500,公斤,/,平方厘米,Chapter 6,48.The holes of anchor bolts,5,Text,Reinforced concrete is,concrete,in which reinforcement bars(“,rebars,”),（钢筋）,reinforcement grids,（钢筋网）,plates,or,fibers,have been incorporated to strengthen the concrete in,tension,.It was invented by,French,gardener,Joseph Monier,in 1849 and,patented,in 1867.The term Ferro Concrete refers only to concrete that is reinforced with iron or steel.,钢筋混凝土是由混凝土，钢筋（钢筋），钢筋网（钢筋网），钢板网，钢板或纤维组成，这些被用来加强混凝土的张力。它由法国园丁约瑟夫,莫尼尔于,1849,年发明，并于,1867,年获得专利。混凝土仅指用钢或钢加固的混凝土。,Chapter 6,5Text Chapter 6,Other materials used to reinforce concrete can be organic and inorganic fibres as well as,composites,in different forms.Concrete is strong in,compression,but weak in tension,thus adding reinforcement increases the strength in tension.In addition,the failure strain of concrete in tension is so low that the reinforcement has to hold the cracked sections together.For a strong,ductile and durable construction the reinforcement shall have the following properties:,其他用于加固混凝土的材料可以是有机和无机纤维以及不同形式的复合材料。混凝土压缩强度大，但抗拉性弱，因此加入钢筋可增加抗拉强度。另外，混凝土的拉伸破坏应变很小，依靠钢筋拉力来控制裂缝。对于坚固，延展性和耐用的结构，钢筋应具有以下特性：,6,Other materials used to reinfo,7,High strength,高强度,High tensile strain,高拉伸应变,Good bond to the concrete,与混凝土结合良好,Thermal compatibility,热兼容性,Durability in the concrete environment,在具体环境中的耐久性,Chapter 6,7High strength Chapter 6,In most cases reinforced concrete uses steel rebars that have been inserted to add strength.,在大多数情况下，钢筋混凝土采用钢筋加入以增加强度。,Use in construction,Concrete is reinforced to give it extra tensile strength;without reinforcement,many concrete buildings would not have been possible.,增强混凝土的抗拉强度,;,没有钢筋水泥，许多混凝土建筑物将不可能实现。,8,In most cases reinforced concr,Reinforced concrete can encompass many types of structures and components,including,slabs,walls,beams,columns,foundations,frames,and more.,钢筋混凝土可以包括许多类型的结构和构件，包括平板，墙，梁，立柱，基础，框架等等。,Reinforced concrete can be classified as,precast,or,cast in-situ concrete,.,钢筋混凝土可以分为预制或现浇混凝土。,9,Reinforced concrete can encomp,Much of the focus on reinforcing concrete is placed on,floor,systems.Designing and implementing the most efficient floor system is a key to creating optimal building structures.Small changes in the design of a floor system can have significant impact on material costs,construction schedule,ultimate strength,operating costs,occupancy levels and end use of a building.,大部分建筑注重加强混凝土的地板系统。设计和实施最高效的地板系统是创建最佳建筑结构的关键。地板系统设计的微小变化会对建筑物的材料成本，施工进度，最终强度，运营成本，入住率和最终用途产生重大影响。,10,Much of the focus on reinforci,11,Behavior,（性能）,of reinforced concrete,Materials,Concrete is a mixture of of Coarse(stone or brick chips)and Fine(generally sand)aggregates with a binder material(usually,Portland cement,).When mixed with a small amount of water,the cement,hydrates,form microscopic opaque crystal lattices encapsulating and locking the aggregate into a rigid structure.,混凝土是粗粒（石块或砖块）和细粒（通常是沙粒）与粘结材料（通常是波特兰水泥）的混合物。当与少量水混合时，水泥水合物形成微观不透明晶格，将聚集体封装并锁定在刚性结构中。,Chapter 6,11Behavior（性能）of reinforced co,Typical concrete mixes have high resistance to,compressive,stresses,(about 4,000psi(28MPa);however,any appreciable,tension,(e.g.,due to,bending,)will break the microscopic rigid lattice,resulting in cracking and separation of the concrete.For this reason,typical non-reinforced concrete must be well supported to prevent the development of tension.,典型的混凝土混合料对压缩应力具有很高的抵抗力（约,4,000 psi,（,28 MPa,）,;,然而，任何可观的张力（例如由于弯曲）都会破坏微观的刚性格子，导致混凝土开裂和分离。出于这个原因，典型的无筋混凝土必须被很好地支撑以防止张力的发展。,12,Typical concrete mixes have hi,13,If a material with high strength in tension,such as,steel,is placed in concrete,then the composite material,reinforced concrete,resists not only compression but also bending and other direct tensile actions.A reinforced concrete section where the concrete resists the compressi
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