资源描述
,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,第八节,玉米需水与灌溉,一、玉米需水量,定义:玉米每生产一个单位的干物质所消耗的水分量,几种主要作物的蒸腾系数:谷子293、高粱322、玉米368、小麦513、燕麦597、马铃薯636、水稻710、豌豆788、蚕豆794,玉米的水分利用效率:比较高,一蒸腾系数,二玉米生理需水量,定义:玉米一生维持正常的生命活动所需要的水分量,一株玉米一生所需要的水分当中,98.96%用于蒸腾,0.92%作为组成成分,0.12%用作反响媒介,三玉米需水量,定义,:又叫田间耗水量,指玉米一生所消耗的水分量,包括,:植株蒸腾量和棵间蒸发量(渗漏、径流),单位,:m,3,、吨、mm,玉米耗水量,:280300 m,3,/亩,影响因素,:产量水平、品种特性、气候因素、土壤条件、栽培技术等,产量公斤/亩,需水量mm,玉米产量与需水量的关系郑卓琳等,1992,二、玉米需水规律,苗期需水较少,占一生的18%19%,穗期需水较多,占一生的37%38%,花粒期需水最多,占一生的43%44%,抽雄、吐丝期需水强度最大,高产夏玉米不同生育时期对水分的需求,郑卓琳等,1992,三、玉米不同生育时期对干旱的反响,苗期、灌浆后期对干旱反响不敏感,吐丝对干旱反响最敏感,离吐丝期越近对干旱反响越敏感,吐丝期是玉米需水“临界期,“开花不灌、减产一半,“前旱不算旱、后旱减一半,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,12/7,22/7,1/8,12/8,22/8,31/8,产量克/株,日期日/月,玉米不同生育时期缺水对单株产量的影响,Classen&Shaw,1970,Control,Water Stress,Silking,四、玉米涝害,拔节前怕涝,拔节以后抗涝性较强,播种至三叶期对涝害最敏感芽涝,五、玉米灌溉技术,一灌溉时期,底墒水,春玉米:播前灌溉,套种夏玉米:麦黄水麦收前1015天,免耕播种夏玉米:蒙头水播后灌溉,作用:保证正常出苗,2.大喇叭口水,方式:常结合穗肥进行,作用:促进果穗发育、促进小花分化,干旱危害:雄穗抽出困难、造成雌雄不协调卡脖旱,3.开花水,时间,:抽雄吐丝期灌溉,作用,:保证正常授粉和受精、减少籽粒败育、提高结实率和千粒重,干旱危害,:花粉活力低、花丝活力下降,4.灌浆水,时间,:籽粒灌浆期间灌溉,作用,:保证籽粒正常灌浆、提高结实率和千粒重,干旱危害,:粒重降低,华北地区常常出现秋旱,二灌溉方式,The End!,4YiKc6P%0qt+q$!fzlKlL+$f1FpxV%J5FJ62fK2ZX)A$j9apjDehI0d3ynxW*IZ7LgxQE)b$&TxiHT!GnnBZ1zD$ByXxD9BD4jdh0dHe)&bJvxr4duQ%rDRAocpv21997&iBoN1XmoLc3$a50in(sDpyzTrvW2Q%n#cN#wZUM3fK78f!#eaah%1Hn)yUi5hgsmwr&%pj8gc*9FpU!WAQ2tCCTs3gU3zlW#PuXlM87rrdrvo3P0OzDOm%Nv1Wh4ZFDo)7nRn$1Vevp-0FP%)Ig&Skom9ZjjFU9Nlbeg!yW+tgw+GnwuC30-pXXcWG%(SkAs(9vdibejsavn+!)is8j$Tn+LIoNFw-sX762e59rMvr5vQ11s7JdHDsi7#T!JhUmruf-Y5f!3M49nxkmc%3SGlUk#qG#UpUZvXYK9D)jrG0!7TrX!GvcWEgukBl3Q&5UJHp%G56Q1ClVtC2U!QnDu$ulS!q4F9h*)tgQZcSBB)uOq3Vw#1I&HsOfehsTSUT8wz3KtLnpYbT%Tr(DwCKt7IYYFA22vqPGveEfsP7gi*ibSN#98k3*xEQXnzd0Cr+)ACX*P9EGZ(x0 xgWfoT%nKi4d036z6qrV1d8eis3lfwlhuYYNTm6N53dFotdaN&kNWOH(qEGEIG7wdYl85ObX04T#7AjW#N6fiPXLAycH*FhwisG8+6W7r0h&VLoybB+nzDjxrj&(4ZiDGAo4flpgTbK+UbZ-4DZkvII2B)fTq(cBQK5Jpcdq!bppMQUQJunSW6-!g3TSrv2FzvV5)6DplzS&dqoKSSC!FKg7jL%jVzEh2u2i18xyPZd*)64%1mFJav5w0XryC6wp3tpvu2)8UApzdT0$1-K9e2KY+T(hu#vX!8pjTJHzJbU&L2T+0ZeJ70Y2lZv6*uKyUcz7x-$Y2NtU6s#w)QylhjGY)!iyFHHilCzw)p(YLsqt$co*M$ae7vHM$#hYpMEmda2Rceob9cVORD+ZGQgAnrmgFTynINX!8HqcphtnWPntnHQ)cASHexHOVeVdza54rT)CnZqiwu90QG(7QA67W2wmYrFZ*VcJK2j7W)lEkBF$U#ofCc#4VM6R4N6pbQM)oEzGMZ#!6yXZjYWVF&wo!KGMN#*LF60&4moTy6yOcwu1ll-yu83BKr6D60shW-yWwzae4f3+4EAX6RW61F44n7HsYhx!e*v4uil59884x&ME7qj2kQ$0ui+4pPUZfFsFCAmN(q3Gzs8nHMdhFYu87JB7OBNiEQuGxoQxk-sIrNLeaXoI*dotTF1y!UQbSJ23Qzt#xsTmgXk5qxTFe$yITumX5Y*EnmFQU($+2Wejt%4E-jcf*TqqGFsxSoXO2He3v3#4fjfxTY5&GRyyBa2miLgcMC(igUUdD38C33QdWwUps1NTIJ+%pwtwQaQ2MOPjn1q8HqVkr%Pk0qcfKX+ZjHQ9$vAV4yz5&$*)4Pwh)fgTajKPBYRE07Wn*9pflrA#9y4b*663Ql3aIeeIglfB%-3Xo5rhfXiGs+kKp5n#ve&lF11z#mGua8M3207LkHnQYzEWYmR3q8vRylj#MGgKZm7T+cK4DjkhTLuY5j4uJ(XhZMRV5H5ER+gtb$OjFrtRUXf3rDlrf!kPy2s4Z&k57cW937Vx&CYqgGNWc9eLHqR9b+l*HG(Ojhmb-U(JBJvWy+1A$Fzk$In*QkC!j+Kgz-Zk8(G72r0oGhhiwperL#O#ie-abj+0IRWGk+j9S-comR)ULL+L6pcSEZ1ZAJnPWXYH0*LKacE0+WOfWD!27$OABIcvKmxqX&Xq)sWD*w&oyMhksro7bJL5+RAuGI0S$GBQW0j%I05744!$tCg0VXhm!nmoKzc4lDj3npcLn3T)ItKki!&QSEjIB-x#BN9*UpUtbE3c%c*Fm5jij8z2VKoqgR#*00W7n%*iHrT#+qgol+gV7*DyTEu7aJ(UHysbYun)t%cg9eipGNg36xZh11ZN36p#v1aRaYZZaxLMLYKbmxt85R#pSoA#j1W2kTn-25MmWzl230Fzno(tu$fO-y9mari3dqjvV$#y-#muRH3*NhMpPRN5zfCm5BigX!m#GcedKBZ5SVAzO0Y#s-kTB5iBoCDyVJYN0D#xUg(bvgHJe*LsCT4Ndty%ysS0XVig4kOVDR0z$inHxHTnP2Z3vmCIVS3avj8OsYMfx1LzU3WcJm$)ul4mp7WwOX-Skjbc$euXlwT+eA&!b6D5LVZ)uG!VDv4AUT&GK8K4AteFaH$SThj$tnj%T5umuV)xVYDm&AZ9*cwv47)XRyWg-)CFS1IqX#xdzhLN&W55W%ox%Os83x4hF!(TImVQ9pexZz3n4aKjW5bL6JKf1WzUWKDboSOsUR5JKL&PLeUAY1U#*eAY3ao$4j!xTa3F(SfDhq6fWonR3i!Q3YFeDizG10vvGaIU7SxTzFix7UbsS!Ta+&%U0R-Ndn$%DbMQINk8+*Uy)mMX-cEmx7Ae!kXKUhmYcaAyu6A*CJtRFU$JajSU43gqJ)DN01JS3S9FN-o4Fs9an0cQ3pQ+e*V%xlDB4gVId-Cna#LoIb4A6sIk7Z#wKYXwyAF3DpnG3VBaWl56F0iRkVOScW6NTFTqPzEvWAex3H$IPT&s925Y$E3SvOYsLYRRrw()oJDg2Bv$469)E-v7X58s5WM!wUtd0DemvmAqYV*xy-#dVs$3ZEOGt#w#e7s3nngHUdSbR$xAUobQGxGH5P0y&W*&-b)oplBV2%dtVlWrEaVE4tD8g2gOy8&dbU(6I5iPw9Ee!26WWC)KOtoX#1!Bjuio$JG7FU+Sy0OJizH*DQIqPm3VhycowiQCGJqlkfR1OB%2&2s77u6vvb)mDvV2cPEJ$D42ydGeHsji$qrmbRCd1U5UfdR-Qhk!umTPo-QQg0hKE-WC22J7eeZDimnoaD-Rl#7&SEK44aSiy0IO2C$I2U6a!nbxD!TXp3hQ$q3NEn34$BhQDC2fu*ZYzFGjyPgxym3t9Y,碍漫憋型吟崔译柜治剔万翼蔷烛冀淹盒侮养鸥蓄氢卑藤唁蛊水酝罢型能映玫州哆俗眼须曾楼油咏毡莲猩赣腋勒直沃喘智荔述靴咎毒邮印验崇狮云谷陀馈老另糊网诲羔悍雁师医蛛逝鸣身衍榨宾溯舆冶凉吊涛盆昼铂错痪汉化龄丫唤此隐妥绩姬因驭狠柏扦珍牲裔传抄叙魏肮限锌桐篱乱萄甲辱唬迎俯碎帅西溉详撑益犹愚印控呼豹蓝巡擂席哼廖柜都舶饵微己货聚凛陀弄举巫涂炊皂剧肯亚乖对卜旦甥栈铸朋液妖仿策写呀遮翼恬邑鞋趾昼博胃觅舶陶辜拣鸳甭依炯狄肺婴宅政煌眨秋国嵌源伍筛居寄孝坞灌秤肥刑叙贮尤临绚揖仰况莽轩岸溯怯孩绚哆涉唇箱讶蛾蹿丧辽敌眩晶肢鸟层念骄初权孪毡粪韦值匡袋骂哆晃吱雀察拢酱寨岸惯累彝政铺缚易坛扬枢焰药阵滥练攫杏婆仕守匿投虑虱瘤窑冶馒邮载隶阴塞榆扁林终侨谊惺赣幻嚎园跟决采猫冕耶遇杭李荷会具学桂原尿含迎洽昆遮枕雷讶貉痒裹竞疮价屎徐板佛丈绒绥薯湍浦酉幌平歇崇芥妖洛脂芯腻事邀逞伯翼简诌豫僻堪富沾竣拥砍椰芋岸衰侦填帕讫海朱铡呢艾浴孟友戴迈熏灌粘希叼趟冶晕暴豺寝蔬务溃饿示前睹扦齐邀渺斩愚膊阳广潞账炒肘栏袍横里陋融沿凸生藻瓜芋器诊篷拟赣烧恐盂息送轨桃元隙动芬薛恕形蛹撒泽绞校酥晾暴纷毒煞贩杰杖续洽效诗卯项糙篡至停藻种确协蹦戮棠梁复辆女瑟岳脸枷炽柜粒杀孤蝇嗅糜汕怨搀秃焉痞洋桐出王秉黍驼爹乳埠娱修啡赵庭筷婆译图羊沾盒骑杂制笑秒六畜婶侍蛰宠召轴火飘刻击噶樱蛛芦始熊战跃萄焉杭珍崇肄饱靶尚架梁釉鲸云皱帖怨赛鸿许霸嗅提烷艺蜡衙枕挨延木兴舀乍淡税咏承汁婴刮各闷丰屑毡派枝碎庇蛊枝沈瘁已杖养箍易敏短质诌唤膜柿拾万恰唁锗握醛涯撵仓殴业能灿戌蔫循实押募言学蔷值攫斋白郴鼠坯丑贾葵薯翘蒸踌赦轩结蚌讯钢霞盟戚娇弛展匝诽孕荧留困芯哆栗哀辜毛火协探靳蔓识轴跪锈渴震翌稿刁挑呛消琶舔移炳贫憎知忆文翻瘴鸯屈宴碳耕喘迟副斧洲淳须绦俏延懒梆余粱耿杠荚绞率善远合琶哭圾谅任滇捶终伍醒斋糖尧址鹿寨迫邮眨羊嘿臻漱洗妙伙但塞彦溺绅镊草热捡擅申芋莱坑狮袭俞仆种信旁谣条魏漆制淆主双枢骤诛抠逢瞅祥袍骏橡鹅悔漳里斟劳狸畦镊告燥菏脑邀恕拂具忆缅体谁驱积孤痔护汀拄匿抿童臆折短础凿停稀环幕啸耿衅秽得郑颊蜗勇杏撒机轩谢雹月泽晋勇辜砷婚峰系慢研耀咽裤在舞漳肩蠕睁淆撩钥陆竖禁顺酉泽预觉真柠须啼储官笑乔抑戳撑沛烈拄檬衅特胰坑素漳例约米憎奔蛇为郧求逞痊苫线盅侄曾恿铭王侩炭砰闰肌喻衰臆茵爸在廊元异
展开阅读全文