中考英语阅读理解及其解题策略-课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Welcome,九年级专项复习,阅读理解及其解题方法,阅读理解力量的培育是中学英语学习的一项重要任务，也是中考的一项重要内容。中考阅读理解题主要考察学生的语篇阅读力量、分析和推断力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，猎取其中的主要信息，能做出正确推断，然后依据试题的要求从A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最正确答案或答复出所提问题等等。要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。,阅读理解的阅读材料的选取一般遵循三个原则：,1.阅读文章不少于三篇，阅读量在1，000单词左右；,2.题材广泛，包括科普，社会，文化，政治，经济等；,3.体裁多样，包阔记叙文，说明文，应用文等；,一、中考阅读理解考察的主要内容,1.考察把握所读材料的主旨和大意的力量。,此类考察主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落或短文的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，其主要提问方式是：,(1)Which is the best title of the passage?,(2)Which of the following is this passage,about?,(3)In this passage the writer tries to tell us,that_.,(4)The passage tells us that_.,(5)This passage mainly talks,about_.,2.考察把握文章的事实和细节的力量。,此类考察事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是：,(1)Which of the following is right?,(2)Which of the following is not mentioned?,(3)Which of the following is Not True in the,passage?,(4)Choose the right order of this passage.,(5)From this passage we know _.,3.考察依据上下文猜测生词的含义的力量。,此类猜测词义的题目要求考生依据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。其主要提问方式是：,(1)The word“”in the passage probably,means _.,(2)The underlined word“It”in the passage,refers to _.,(3)In this story the underlined word“”,means _.,(4)Here“it”means_.,4.考察对阅读材料全篇的规律关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的规律关系的理解力量。,此类题目主要考察的是句与句之间，短语短之间的规律关系，其主要提问方式是：,Many visitors come to the writers,city to _.,(2)Air pollution is the most serious kind of,pollution because _.,(3)Why did the writer get off the train two,stops before Vienna station?,5.考察依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进展推理和判,断的力量。,此类题目文章中没有明确的答案，需要考生再理解全文的根底上进展推理和推断。其主要提问方式是：,We can guess the writer of the letter may,be,a _.,(2)We can infer from the text that _.,(3)From the letters weve learned that its,very _ to know something about,American social customs.,(4)From the story we can guess _.,(5)What would be happy if?,6.考察推断作者意图和态度的力量。,其主要提问方式是：,(1)How did the writer feel at Vienna station?,(2)The writer writes this text to _.,(3)The writer believes that _.,(4)The writer suggests that _.,二、阅读理解题的方法和技巧,1如何猎取段落的主旨和大意？,最有效的方法是找出主题句。一篇文章或一段文章通常都是围绕一个中心愿思开放的。而这个中心愿思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心愿思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落,或一篇文章的中心愿思首先要学会查找主题句。在一篇短文或一个段落中，大局部主题句的状况有三种：,1主题句在段首或篇首。,主题句在段首或篇首的状况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文，谈论文大都承受先总述，后分述的叙事方法。,例如：陕西省英语中考试题阅读材料B的第一段：,All living things on the earth need other living things to live.Nothing lives alone.Most animals must live in a group,and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind.Sometimes one living thing kills another,one eats and the other is eaten.Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live,and together they form a food chain(食物链)。,Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears,59.Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?,A.Animals B.Plants C.Food Chains D.Living Things,评析：找出主题句即第一句。这个句子概括了本段的中心愿思，“地球上全部的生物要生存都离不开其它的生物”。后面表达了大量的事实，“大局部动物必需成群的生活，甚至一种植物也要和其它同类的植物靠在一起生长。有时一种生物杀死另一种生物，一种生物吃另一种生物，而另一种生物被吃”。在列举了大量的事实之后，作者指出：假设这些食物链中的一个链环消逝，全部的食物都会断掉。全部这些事实都是围绕第一个句子开放的。,依据主题句的意思，我们可以很简洁推断：,Food Chains,2主题句在段末或篇末。,用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结，归纳或结论。例如陕西省中考试题阅读材料A的最终一段：,If you buy some well-made clothes,you,can save money because they can last longer.,They look good even after they have been,washed many times.Sometimes some clothes,cost more money,but it does not mean that,they are always better made,or they always,fit better.In other words,some less expensive,clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes.,评析：这段文章前面列举了两件事实：假设你买一些制作优良的衣服，你会省钱，由于这些衣服能穿得时间长一些。即使他们洗了很屡次，仍旧看起来很好。有时有些衣服花得前更多，但并不意味着这些衣服做得更好。最终一句话是对这两个事实的概括：有些价钱廉价的衣服比价钱贵的衣服更好看，更合身。段末这个句子就是主题句。,3无主题句,有时，一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句。这时我们应当怎样来确定文章的主题或中心愿思呢？其实这也不难。我们可以首先找出每一段的中心愿思，各段的中心愿思往往都是围绕一个中心来开放的，或者说是来说明一个问题的。这个中心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心愿思。请看江西省中考试题阅读理解A:,Killer bees started in Brazil 1957.A scientist in Sao Paulo wanted bees to make more honey蜂蜜).So he put forty-six African bees with some Brazilian bees.The bees bred(生殖)and made a new kind of bees.But the new bees were a mistake.They didnt want to make more honey.They wanted to attack.Then,by accident,twenty-six African bees escaped and bred with the Brazilian bees outside.,Scientists could not control掌握)the problem.The bees increased fast.They went from Brazil to Venezuela.Then they went to Central America.Now they are in North America.They travel about 390 miles a year.Each group of bees grows four times a year.This means one million new groups every five years.,Why are people afraid of killer bees?People are afraid for two reasons.First,the bees sting叮)many more times than usual bees.Killer bees can sting sixty times a minute nonstop for two hours.Second,killer bees attack in groups.Four hundred bee stings can kill a person.,Already several hundred people are dead.Now killer bees are in Texas.In a few years they will reach all over the United States.People can do nothing but wait.,在这篇短文的后面就出了一道这样的阅读理解题：,59.The best title of the passage is _.,A.How to make more honey B.Killer bees,C.A foolish scientist D.How to feed killer bees,B,评析：这篇短文就没有主题句，那末怎样来确定它的中心愿思呢？依据上面的说明，我们可以得出,每一段的大意：第一段讲的是“killer bees”的产生。,其次段讲的是“killer