名词性从句讲解及练习

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Noun Clauses,名词性从句,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,主语,His job,is important,.,What he does,is important,.,表语,This is,his job.,This is,what he does every day,.,宾语,I dont like,his job,.,I dont like,what he does every day,.,同位语,I dont know about,the man,Mr.White.,I dont know about,the fact that he is a teacher.,什么叫名词性从句？,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses,名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,名词性从句,noun clause,主语从句,subject clause,宾语从句,object clause,表语从句,predicative clause,同位语从句,appositive clause,Subject Clauses,主语从句,1.主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分,他会成功是肯定的,1),.,That,he will succeed,is certain.,是否他去那儿还不知道,2),Whether,he will go there,is not known.,他说的话不是真的,3),What,he said,is not true.,无论谁来都是受欢送的,4)Whoever comes is welcome.,1.,主语从句,引导词,:,1.附属连词:that,whether,2.,疑问代词,:what,which,who,whom,whose,3.,疑问副词,:when,where,why,how,4.,复合关系代词,:whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever,考点一:主语从句后置!,为了防止主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例:,1.That we shall be late is certain.,-Its certain that we shall be late.,2.That the earth is round is known to all.,-,Its known to all that the earth is round.,It 的用法：形式主语,Its possible/important/necessary/clear/,obvious that很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚,Its said/reported/believed that.据说/据报道,It seems/appears/happens/occurs/matters/,that显然、明显、碰巧.,Its no wonder that并不奇怪/无疑,Its a pity/a fact/a common knowledge(众所周知,/a surprise/a question/a shame/high time,【特别提醒】,连接代词what,whoever,whatever,whichever等引导的主语从句不宜用it作形式主语。,What is worth doing is worth doing well.,Whatever was said here has left us much to think.,考点二,注意：从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数,What,引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定,What he needs-that book.,What he needs _,_,some books.,_is_,are,Object Clauses,宾语从句,I know him.,2.I know who he is.,主语,谓语,宾语,简单句,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,复合句,宾语从句的概念：,宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。,句子结构：,主语+谓语 vt.+连词引导词+宾语从句.,vi+prep.,be+adj.,他建议他们明年去香港旅行。,He,suggested,that they should make a trip to Hong Kong next year.,我们的成功取决于我们互相之间合作得如何。,Our success,depends on,how well we can cooperate with one another.,没人敢确定一百万年以后地球是否存在,No one can,be sure,whether the earth will exist in a million years.,你可以做你喜欢做的任何事情,You may do whatever you like to do,一，引导词,:,1.附属连词:that,whether,if,2.,疑问代词,:what,which,who,whom,whose,3.,疑问副词,:when,where,why,how,4.,复合关系代词,:whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever,宾语从句,引导宾语从句的that在以下情况下一般不省略：,1.,宾语从句前有插入语。,We hope,on the contrary,that he will stay at home with us.,2.,在介词后。,He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.,3.,that,在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。,He said(that)the book was very interesting and that(,不省略,)all the children like to read it.,4.,有间接宾语时。,He told me that he was leaving for Japan.,5.that从句单独答复以下问题时。,What did he hear?他听说了什么事？,That Kate had passed the exam.,6.在“it(形式宾语)+补语之后时。,I think it necessary that he should stay here.,7.位于句首时。如：,That our team will win,I believe.,二、时态,1.如果主句是现在的时态 包括一般现在时，,现在进行时，现在完成时，,I know he lives here .,I know he lived here ten years ago.,I have heard that he will come tomorrow.,2.如果主句是过去的时态包括一般过去时，过去进行时，那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时,I knew who lived here.,I saw she was talking with her mother.,He asked whether his father would come back,tomorrow.,He said that he had seen it.,3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理,时用一般现在时。,The teacher said that the sun travels,around the earth.,三、语序,宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：,连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,1.,When will he go to the library?,a.His brother asks when,he will go to,the,library.,b.His brother asks when,will he go to,the,library.,2.,What does he want to buy?,a.I dont know what,he wants to,buy.,b.I dont know what,does he want to,buy.,3.否认的转移:假设主语谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,imagine等,其后的宾语从句假设含有否认意义,一般要把否认词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。,(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。),I dont think this dress fits you well.,上述局部主句谓语是think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导的宾语从句，疑问局部与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。I dont think he is bright,is he?We believe she can do it better,cant she?,但此时主句主语必须是第一人称,如果不是那么不能否认从句,如:,He thought they were wrong,didnt he?而不能说werent they?,4.It 作为形式宾语而真正的宾语从句那么放在句尾,Like/love/hate/appreciate/help/look/depend on/see to/count on/rely on+it+when/if/that clause,I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.,Sb.+think/find/make+it+adj./n.+that clause,He made it clear that he would leave office soon.,Predicative Clauses,表语从句,表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。另外,常用的还有the reason why is that 和It is because 等结构。例如：,他缺席的原因是因为他生病住院.,The reason for his absence was that he was ill in hospital.,问题是他们是否能帮我们克服困难,The question is whether they will be able to help us out.,那就是我们应该首先做的事,That is what we should do first.,这是因为你太认真的缘故,it is because you are too serious.,他看起来好似快要哭起来了,He looked as if he was going to cry,.表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在系动词之后.作用,:,对主语进行解释说明。,连接词：,that/whether,/as if/as though,连接代词：,who/whom/whose/which/what,连接副词：,when/where/why/how/,because,注 意：,在表语从句中，表“是否 时，只能用“whether不能用“If。,一般情况下，“that不能省。,It is/was because.,It is/was why.,3.The reason(why/for)is/was that.,4 The reason is because/why,that .,Appositive Clauses,同位语从句,同位语从句在句中充当同位语从句成