跨文化商务沟通Cross-culturalCommunicationWK

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Intercultural Business Communication,Week 6&Week 7,Contents,Culture(Continued),Definition of Communication,Principles of Communication,Communication Process,Elements of Communication,Types of Communication,Culture-Time Orientation,Value to Time,Monochronic vs Polychronic,Monochronic-ONE thing focused One time,Using time in linear way,Polychronic-Manage many things together,-Change plans easily and always,Culture-Dimension(4),Triandis(1995),Two extremes of one value,Core of a culture,Particularly important in COLLECTIVISTIC culture,Ingroups,vs,Outgroups,Ingroups,-a group whose norms,goals,and values shape the behavior of its members,Outgroups,-individual value oriented,actions taken are based on relationships,Dimension(5),Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck(1990s),-Value Orientation,-5 universal human problems,*mans relationship to nature,*human nature,*sense of time,*activity(attitude),*social relationships,Definition of Communication,I.A.Ruchards-one of the 1,st,definitions(1928),-,Describe the process of communication,Wilbur Schramm-Sharing process,Others(from Kim Young Yun 1992),-,Symbolic activity,(Bernard Berelson and Gary,Steiner 1964),-Process involved encoding and decoding,(Geroge,Gerbner 1967),-Transactional,(Miller&Steinberg,1975:38),Communication,The,process,through which individuals in relationships,groups,organizations and societies,respond to,and,create,messages,to,adapt to the environment,and,one another,(Ruben and Stewart,1998).,Definition of Communication,Principles,Process(Transitory/Ongoing/Changes),Symbolic,Systematic,Making Inferences,SELF-Reflective,NOISES,Communication Process,Message,Encoding,Feedback,Decoding,SENDER,Message,Decoding,Feedback,encoding,RECEIVER,Message,Feedback,CHANNEL,CHANNEL,David Boddy,(2002),Elements,Eight Elements by,Samovar and Porter(1997),-,Sender/Recipient,-Encoding/Decoding,-Channel/Medium,-Message/Noise,-Response/Feedback,Both parties are those who have,Needs,to communicate,This NEED could be for recognition/sharing/,influencing(from sender point of view),Those intercept messages sent,A successful communication depends on both,parties.(Differences between two parties),Elements-Sender/Recipient,Encoding(Sender),Using symbols such as words,actions or expressions(verbal and/or nonverbal)to convey the senders idea,Decoding(Recipient),Understanding and interpret the symbols contained in the message sent,and reconstruct the senders original thought.,Elements-Encoding/Decoding,Method to convey the message,Different capacities,Media richness,The amount of information that can be transmitted during a communication episode.,Face-to-face discussion(richest),Elements-Channel/Medium,Elements-Channel/Medium,LOWEST,HIGHEST,Impersonal,Static Media,(flyers,bulletins,generalised,computer reports),Personal,Static Media,(memos,letters,tailored,computer,Reports),Interactive,Media,(telephone,electronic,Media),Physical,Presence,(face-to-face),Lengel and Daft(1988),Message,The tangible expression of the senders,idea.,Noise,Filters,e.g.the differences between the,senders/recipients,interferes with the,conversion of meaning to symbols.,Elements-Message/Noise,Elements-Response/Feedback,Response,(Recipient),What is decided to do about the message,-Minimum response,To do nothing;ignore,-Maximum response,An immediate overt physical act,Feedback,(Recipient),A criteria that the message sender could use to evaluate the effectiveness of the message,Elements of Communication,Sender,Receiver,Encoding,Decoding,Message,Media,NOISE,Feedback,Response,Types of Communication,In Terms of Parties involved,In Terms of Style,-Direct Communication,-Indirect Communication,In Terms of Medium,-Verbal Communication,-Nonverbal Communication,Verbal Communication,Verbal Communication,-Language used in the communication,process,-Spoken and Written,-Cultural differences blind people,when they communicate,especially,while using one foreign language,Nonverbal Communication,Definition,Nonverbal communication involves all those,nonverbal stimuli,in a communication setting that are generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that have,potential message value,for the source or receiver.,(Samovar&Porter,2004),Classification of Nonverbal Communication,Body Languages,Eye Contacts,Facial Expressions,Dress Appearance,Gestures,Postures,Others(silence,space,time),Functions,Functions,:,-Repeating,-Complementing,-Substituting,-Regulating,-Contradicting,The interfacing of the verbal with the,nonverbal carries over to the many uses,and functions of nonverbal behavior.,