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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第八章 文学翻译之散文翻译,8.1 散文翻译特点和要求,8.2 名家名篇赏析,8.3 技巧点拨,自我提升,8.1,散文翻译特点和要求,【散文特点】,中国文学里的散文和英美文学中的散文在形式上有所不同。,英文中的散文,在广义上大致可以分为三种:表达文narration、描写文description和论说文exposition,但狭义上的散文主要是指随笔或小品文easy。,在中国古代,但凡在韵文和骈文之外,不重韵律,不重排偶的散体文章,如传记、小品和游记等都统称之为散文。现代散文也有广义和狭义之分,广义的散文包括杂文、小品、随笔和报告文学等在内,而狭义的散文那么专指表现作者对生活对自然抒发情思的叙事抒情散文。,然而散文的主要特征是“形散神聚,即题材广泛,形式自由,结构灵活,但其主题思想却非常明确。,【翻译要求】,严肃的译者在对待散文佳作时,都是在翻译前细读原作,一丝不苟;翻译时字斟句酌,精益求精,留下了不少散文翻译精品。做散文翻译时,除了须遵循翻译的一般规律之外,还应当注意以下几点:,把握全篇的中心思想,,分清作品的结构层次,,传达作者的浓郁情感,,重构原作的审美意境,,注意语言的精美典雅,,再现作者的独特风格,,翻译的过程中,除了一些根本的翻译技巧,散文翻译还要求使用一些比较特殊的技巧,主要是一些跟文学创作相似的技巧,以及涉及中国和西方文化差异,修辞、文风和审美等的技巧。,译例1:,月光如流水一般,静静地泻在这一片叶子和花上1。薄薄的青雾浮起在荷塘里。(2)叶子和花仿佛在牛乳中洗过一样;又像笼着轻纱的梦3。虽然是满月,天上却有一层淡淡的云,所以不能朗照;但是我以为这恰是到了好处酣眠固不可少,小睡也是别有风味的4。月光是隔了树照过来的,高处丛生的灌木,落上参差的斑驳的黑影,峭楞楞如鬼一般,弯弯的杨柳的稀疏的倩影,像是画在荷叶上5。荷塘中的月色并不均匀;但光与影有着和谐的旋律,如梵阿玲上奏着的名曲6。,朱纯深译文:,The moon sheds her liquid light silently over the leaves and flowers,which,in the floating transparency of a bluish haze from the pond,look as if they had just been bathed in milk,or like a dream wrapped in a gauzy hood(1)(2)(3).Although it is a full moon,shining through a film of clouds,the light is not at its brightest;it is,however,just right for me a profound sleep is indispensable,yet a snatched doze also has a savour of its own(4).The moon light is streaming down through the foliage,casting bushy shadows on the ground from high above,dark and checked,like an army of ghosts;,whereas the benign figures of the drooping willows,here and there look like paintings on the lotus leaves(5).The moonlight is not spread evenly over the pond,but rather in a harmonious rhythm and shade,like a famous melody played on a violin(6).,简析:本段描写了月光、青雾笼罩着的静静地荷塘的一角夜景。在作者笔下,浮云蔽月比起明月朗照更能动人心弦,所以他强调“这恰是到了好处,并以“小睡也别有风味为喻加以突出,这里明显地表现了作者的审美情趣。译者将前三句合而为一,用词熨帖,笔调自然,很好地再现了作者柔和幽静的心境和淡淡的喜悦之情,只是用“softly代替“silently也许更为妥当,因为月光原本不会发出声音。第四句前一局部可以考虑对句式重新安排:A full moon as it is,the light is not at its brightest,shining through a film of clouds,这样似乎更具有节奏感。最后两句句式参差有致,再现了原文富于变化的错落感,其中“稀疏译成了here and there,而没有直译为sparsely,目的在于使节奏更加整齐,这一句整体上译得比较成功,但可以作进一步润色:将“倩影译为“fine figure,将“峭楞楞如鬼一般译成“like angular and haunting ghosts。此外,在“但光与影有着和谐的旋律一语中,“光还是指前面的“月光,因此可将其改译为“but rather in a harmonious tune with shade。最后,原文中没有使用当时已有定名的“小提琴一词,而是采用了“梵婀玲这一更有韵味的音译形式,这种效果翻译中恐难企及。,王椒升译文:,Moonlight was flowing quietly like a stream down to the leaves and flowers(1).A light mist overspread the lotus pond(2).Leaf and flower seemed washed in milk(3).It was a full moon,but a pale cloud hanging overhead made it lose some of its brilliance(4).Moonlight was glowing from behind the trees,and the dense shrubs above cast down gloomy ghostlike shadows of varying lengths and shades of colour.But the beautiful sparse shadows of the arching willows were like a picture etched on the lotus leaves(5).Uneven as was the moonlight over the pond,there was a harmony between light and shade,rhythmic as a well-known melody plated on the violin.,简析:译文可商榷之处有三:第一,“又像笼着轻纱的梦以及“但我以为这恰是到了好处酣眠固不可少,小睡也别有风味的两句传神之笔没有译出,结构及意象遭到破坏;其二,没有运用现在时态,造成了时空理解上的错觉;第三,句句直译没有考虑到汉、英两种语言的差异,译文显得很是零散,且未能传达出原文的美感和神采。,?中国文学?译文:,Moonlight cascaded like water over the lotus leaves and flowers,and a light blue mist floating up from the pool made them seem washed in milk or caught in a gauzy dream(1)(2)(3).Though the moon was full,a film of pale clouds in the sky would not allow its rays to shine through brightly;but I felt this was all to the goodthough refreshing sleep is indispensable,short naps have a charm all their own(4).As the moon shone from behind them,the dense trees on the hills threw checkered shadows,dark forms loomed like devils,and the sparse,graceful shadows of willows seemed painted on the lotus leaves(5).The moonlight on the pool was not uniform,but light and shadow made up a harmonious rhythm like a beautiful tune played on a violin(6).,简析:,首先看前三句的翻译:由于cascaded 一词的运用,“静静地便无从谈起了:流水可以宁静地徜徉,瀑布那么必然会发出声响;第2、3句可改译为:“and in a light blue mistthey seemed to have bathed in milk。第4句中的“酣睡refreshing sleep应译成sound sleep或profound sleep,因为refreshing用在这里不太准确,它同样可以用来修饰nap 一词,charm一词用来描述“小睡显然有些过了。在第5句中,除了“弯弯的漏译外,这句译出了原文的真正意义,且译者将“高处的译成了“on the high hills,更为传神生动。最后一句建议不一定要用not来对应,比方译成“irregular也不失为理想的选择。,根据上述分析,可以总结如下:第一,作为我国经典散文的代表作,?荷塘月色?通篇语言凝练,笔触细腻,虽语句简短,但含义深刻,翻译起来着实不易。就此而言,上述三位译者应该说都领悟了作者以平淡取胜的真意,他们的译文尽管微观上也不乏某些值得商榷的地方,但整体而言是应该博得读者一声赞赏的,尤其是朱纯深先生的译文在表达原文思想、意境和情趣方面均到达了很高水平,读来令人感到原作的风姿冯庆华,2002:164,小结,关于汉语散文的翻译,我们还应该考虑到英汉两种文化在思维习惯上的明显差异。比方就主观情理和客观物象的关系而言:,汉语突出通过物象或形象表现情理,强调客观融入主观,喜欢托物寄情、以形写神,或者说重神似胜于形似,表达出汉民族独特的思维和审美方式。这种特有的思维方式反映在语言表达上,就有了汉语行文讲究形式划一、声律对仗,用字凝练含蓄、简隽空灵,追求工整匀称、音韵和美的传统与习惯。,而英语在这方面那么大相径庭,英国民族强调分析型的抽象理性思维,在主观与客观的物象关系上,更多地强调模仿和再现。这种趋势反映到语言表达形式上,就出现了英语重形式、重写实、重理性的特点,形成了英语句式架构严整、表达思维缜密、行文逻辑性强、用语简洁自然、描述直观可感的风格。,这种表述习惯上的差异典型地表现在下面一段文字中:,“暮霭沉沉,海天一色,红浪翻涌,碧波横流,天空红蓝相映、五彩生辉。,Then came the twilight colours of sea and heaven,the winepink width of water merging into lawns of aquamarines,the sky a tender palette of pink and blue.,在原文中,景物描写含蓄空灵,语言表达音韵谐美,而译成英语后,那么几乎都变成了具象的景物罗列贾文波,1999:
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