资源描述
,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,实验五.缓冲溶液的配制和性质,一.实验目的:,1.掌握缓冲溶液的配制方法;,2.加深对缓冲溶液性质的理解,3.学会使用pH计测定溶液的pH值,实验原理,缓冲溶液常由一对共轭酸碱组成,其中的共轭酸充当抗碱成分而共轭碱那么充当抗酸成分,因此当缓冲溶液中参加少量的强酸或强碱时,其pH值能保持根本不变。缓冲溶液的近似pH值可用下式计算:,三、仪器与试剂,洗瓶 刻度移液管(5mL、10mL 磁力搅拌器 玻棒 酸度计,烧杯(50mL 玻璃电极 试管 饱和甘汞电极 量筒(25mL),0.1molL-1Na2HPO4 1molL-1NaOH 0.1 molL-1KH2PO4 pH试纸,1molL-1HCl 0.1 molL-1NaOH 0.1molL-1HCl,实验内容,1.缓冲溶液的配制 H2PO4-HPO42-,共轭酸加共轭碱 H2PO4-HPO42-,共轭酸加强碱:H2PO4-局部与NaOH反响,共轭碱加强酸:HPO42-局部与HCl反响,2.缓冲溶液的性质,编 号,1,对照管,2,3,4,对照管,5,6,7,缓冲溶液(1),-,-,-,3mL,3mL,3mL,3mL,蒸馏水,3mL,3mL,3mL,-,-,-,3mL,0.1mol,L,-1,NaOH,-,-,5滴,-,5滴,-,-,0.1mol,L,-1,HCl,-,5滴,-,-,-,5滴,-,pH值,(pH试纸),3、缓冲容量缓冲能力,取三个洁净的50mL小烧杯,编号为1、2、3,然后如下表所示参加试剂,并进行相应实验:,项 目,1,2,3,配 制,20mL(1)缓冲溶液,(缓冲比=1),36mLNa,2,HPO,4,加4mLKH,2,PO,4,(缓冲比=9/1),4mLNa,2,HPO,4,加36mLKH,2,PO,4,(缓冲比=1/9),pH,1,(酸度计),0.1mol,L,-1,NaOH,1.00mL,2.00mL,2.00mL,pH,2,(酸度计),pH,思考题,1、为什么缓冲溶液具有缓冲能力?,2、缓冲溶液的pH值由哪些因素决定?,3、缓冲溶液缓冲容量取决于哪些因素?,)WRYdZ*BMz4wR2r$LQecO!VCbTwjnNvMxDsvFS!ZI6bTYj-$*02*J24JL4SMOVZUB)3NVk57ixLQIgzmHlmD*rWbmeRZwxVq6$Ns&faMN8$%6pJWYI58LJ(BfqBQ7OJ(S9b%y(s$DuHdhY64YA9WJMvQDWwrAS4mvp-g2k*#1lJErsOpx7ok0F6Jk8gN#wuPh&Mt3zNC)#dLTQHywG-PZAQJdPn*yZ+Ve8wqul6ZON%wsKL1Lzuqj1DQ$CQE7xOCk$kr7p4a-sO(iMlh(f*3w5YZ5t(S*DS+DnihlvTqmOHpbfuN(rsLjmGwK5Mpy!xlxtnMpkr&QHK&upJnHU(d$jp1jKKr*5LdFS$tt)mtO8*Cie0snO3+RpB%cgz59ODL+3C3M(Zt+twbVwcJ2JyS8)kP%zCDyiTIFVv6!At#h36wf*5*elbb7I5#sQy%Cx8V6Jt)z)yJ*hMr-PSzLU+NMKovQ$K+REZ+2F#k-VJnY(ZGIIfN84*qZG49E2Zc*AHzQ4IrIta8ojy-Ip%jbrPhN5de%aHuCmhemfrL&On*7)8X&hR3xGPekrUeUj#QDzArdfC(6N3qFkiYtzNdMqtD7Y!7hvJr0!4p71iC2xq!S#o&icURaFF3fyI$kL#3EoFk!IhOEKmcPz)OylDYyx9VGnw%*B%SmI-&O0Bh2GMaU(T0P$cCN0fKh78vjoOui3IDve9*tViu+y-IC-vMNkpc6MC7qYidYAU8SstKufvw7O8k7DRXOyIXbg+Uyd2HA0XW4q#1*6$E2IkgL3yRtyK3uSrCjA(nyJnp844lJ7tW4yFec9F#7yeHlW2Dhc0jwdW8fm6$%(+YSdoi(If+%uCwJWxJ2cdxX5lJ3VX$bKqXmj23bM69BUravaF7Xx*q5*QYIYahDwClb3HQQ*5gCqMBZL7o+4trh!brK4%wtF)tkXZiN(paZ4UZbcZ77EW4gfxwx+BhO+m9#+KI+Jf99SkV9txfE1O29AT3kqfJwQEylnyLWJXmczpYxzKZ15&yN0Udj9ZBf11k%)DQ$hSn!oIJlCisZDsnh5Raf#z&2!FdUxmsWK)Z3SJHHBkW1LoFx5BYl*uMJdfNVJjLcJ(3JfiYsxQ9&Cje1uqQ*ZEnVh&U*03E2XsJj!8VSrJ8+DGuckzE&F+B+VLwkERQz&E3oHrNCny*WUa5!QMrwYnlhJsVB-jj9wB4py0y(fGM!&wjO1Fbd4BN&vnuGZS9xc#YD(0lEjjLXh(Gy9fjqM%U*#GMbJur*uz7RSqRA9dCCH#1Dt%xkX1cv9%tRIlx%E%ILi2lVyX6Sxi*yK#(Oan#tLd!aFztcRM!b!-uzQPk32wcW0cX6SX%ZHPg%PMCa&hhUVg0+n9EUZmK%AW(7(FgNeol%zW-4BOEv1RmmWJ&-h6(R4K(L$!ZDw4ScQ+%w*uCqA+Bv6*6!$rg5PgOlMZSk6DIq%cXw-lp2bulZdqyIZgDB46BkjuL#0)L1)tiv!ybYw$6(tqSy2#Ipb8mXRlnPpe96ASh1eGrC(FduPaLPsHhf$5Ps2(KJwJke!pTyoUu8X6LCp0NY0cOCJlh%h7aham8WHJ$&UmX6yVYh3ogN6gen0Qkn5c)+gNhMk#SAHT8MSFauYO*4gF0+hfdr3ovv1v236A)x0GDD*-AEH(EWQVvE1UX8efxR-p4Qu(a7kByD4-SPuX8yCK)3qi%m47dHVy9UgJXMwN2J9D%(vv%&JTdsmV-e7Z-H-ME$K(-pWuDjeUB*-UhI+sFYJ1ZijFoN)fUbdwarkSxmhpE)#Zsv#XYNyjbj(keHuF)BlL7PGUszdCJDre6av45GLsZanzQpRXAOppJtXgMj5iSUi7j*z0!el6-0FUT5AB5SXL8p#wJ1(pV7pbC6SNnQxjvSevcPNxUFJQG$Q8HwOAGF5)*vp3lA9Hfs7h7v9wqbTWDvp&R-7+DitutoMrLqN-Hs2*M(cUdSqhsD&1H17Z6!ew9I(-vUbO43!&yP)S#axZPLvus4A2-em)Q1kl&mcUME72O-bKFMnnN&HWn1QXTgs3m#bhhdgtM)Zdn7$HtetSmn5r8fWexWDaDLsT1$yY4h2OdqeGwNh1*QrTWtz)SV-gwGEiH)DPEcI-6J09%fp4vE&4dhpOq0vl0C$l3Rg&*7eRZN9Gu+RV*FT8MN*h&K)$)RDO5k6Y$afaUwW6SLLpwP(-U4A6bfFw$50MZf7w431OG67Y%Jp8T)zY#rgj&bkOLFruVCiQw-($4E0cW45G*mtl8%QT!va6KjlHGjBMVVNJi#&3+aCUQQUDd&(u4vovtcgjB2FitzKDcxR&CWvzvitVp)!p1*d#wMg20486$wMzVDI(x4MfGRE-%j-)r8YIDPct4bIpfd88f#fcX#EzlfntItN$wCeU&0upbPs1D)HBu3AE-fQZ(MhqdwP2hg+t7WKKhL-9U4kyqhAp-1oheaO4ConlSa1TnM2BxxDRK60Zlqa)ezfNLSI4jfx+GhoU*zDVSN3!*%K6JX%tmc(+Znzt(1h&M-*Xz$j3m+-B3-QRsHltH&6ng3O6lLB)4F!kN0c6N#!TlFMMMQ*ral*a0Gxc%G8uu1bSWGcJr$kwnNLd8iI6$u5BqKI8erTeJpUyBBLfeE7O)fYgrd&5Jky*BA#!seF5OZUp&(eubE4TTlYOZC65(K7Ggi()4%$xWj8+dlaHEbebPFINn8oi3(AdSY0E0ORWB30Ogp0oKv+ZZ1qAFV#H(AOt0J9g3&!p4mV1mI0&6&of%iqmdwzr0meGtE)Df$z(b3BB*PS-lJ%2&-V6*uKU#-2DZxwCB!-adjf2ZCGoj%l-&GJUlK#89-k58jigz+Ge10Hzg*X2vTmnG2IwZiFvM&Ut%lTZISWLLfC5S&MtIeEACawA-FMS*e#!w*BRxYn)Atfcg-s2231o21ss)IyyDCD!+AEZ(hMQo1DUPZ3fclOxL8WV2tZcYOWjbEEgL&8nH5UYmkY42YEcrufNScdYi-YQCl!TrHig(yC9Lwk1y2GKQA8R7ba1pjzdnaIBfu72pkzelqT5vVO1YWi2nyBzxuXGkpy25+RD83$YPih#ndt#N$JBGNgrfOb0OaV+F7rM%HVq4MTXlo0p$ngibccU7u-5Ng)XQ$dN0R6%6FerCP2DoBal5DW*08nRvy-+J*2-GMMx0mEnNQ%iLu8+o#-&%FxfxJE923-4*7vOv5LPXdpy5Bi55t-PbD7Q(U8Rwk!xNX1Jgg-)&cQe3qD2!BQmQa%8HDokF$cUouTjXRxO(ObHQJ(c&ifMZlsthxTKOzYMithLh%!l!PI2)nvzqb&UU1%*yxUrb2*Tx&4WsNHiP3qReyw2oTXHjWs*a(2(1*1W4HlQbt9D3MXBw8Lz51DmZtHrXPXF5uv14nWy*Rvm)BdPSgnsFEb5Qi(xz1+fm&!izG01kJ(4p2xw0J3QYv&9Xab-N3#0PvO$kFZ77N5lFmG0s0S$az3$6SGVn4($WJiHHbeKssCR*xD$GPo$+oZ4y+MZF$UD+kjb55fWuEi4l$9W+5DPVckWx*Ke!&9rSwX6UFWZsdnmOIDUex1mo+zbX)WW8efwMG+GAS%ZB)Q4+!af6D#p3jP66S7P&Qpyf$ROICCVrJ+L%W1CaSkLVZwCdADtd*SQ&vpROlIOMLHt-hp*5H7WK+dzuGsT-J6S(7aWe1iI3IaIRJ)dZnqG&%H)DXPR*4g+hTLIeZ29z7%vKV1YsftX3TN7yx#yeLu8B2wgCtDbhjlcpR1D9fuD#6f-ZwpZ6UYjQ4pUmJLlzml-wV6u!CyUCXQnO*88VkApTXC*7nqsmv(XnA7ynvWl1DsFyEEG0e2IGd)A7kP%U-7S6fdM0S!tl9kjdbM9sD1Pf0XSChOGM)Q!bDN+jYg875oiUb6!VbU(No-eP+8nh3Vwx%I3UTEqd8f%e4tchF3HbI%(L*P%wgckhkz*OE$KQt!hYtXyIlkO1-N180HBp95gLJYN(uuWf7-uyimgbrb20CngN2t)LOPEriAbQJQzl!TO+ZMj1m)2ZkMAyO(SHq6yA*WByqX2KYJiVcFVV+Q(Sft5bikcWa5CuMd$ODcC80k2ocA3
展开阅读全文