资源描述
,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,The British Welfare System,The British Welfare System,1,What does welfare mean?What is the welfare state like?,Health,comfort and freedom from want,a“,safety net,”which is designed to help the most vulnerable,protection against the unexpected hazards of life(for example,losing a job,becoming sick,having an accident),The welfare state provides,education,housing,sustenance,healthcare,pensions,unemployment insurance,sick leave or,time off due to injury,etc.,What does welfare mean?What i,2,.Health and Social Services,1.Britain is regarded as a welfare state.,The welfare state is a system of government by which the state provides the economic and social security of its citizens through its organization of health services,pensions and other facilities.,This system is funded out of national insurance contributions and taxation.,The system applies mainly to the National Health Service(NHS),national insurance and social security.,.Health and Social Services,3,2.The National Health Service(NHS),The National Health Service provides for every resident a full range of medical services.,It was based at first on Acts of Parliament,one for England and Wales passed in 1946 and one forScotland passed,2.The National Health Service,4,Who started the idea?,William Beveridge(1879-1963),a British economist and social,reformer,closely associated with,the development of the welfare state.,Beveridge Report,1)to establish the National Health Service with,free medical treatment for all;,2)to provide social security so that the,population would be protected from the,cradle to the grave,Who started the idea?William B,5,The operation of the welfare state,Four main parts:,The system of national insurance,unemployed,old,sick,etc,The national health service,free medical care for all,Supplementary benefits,low income(for basic standard living),Family allowance or children benefit,The operation of the welfare s,6,National Insurance,Everybody who is working,either for himself or for an employer,is obliged to contribute a fixed amount each week to the,national insurance fund,It is like an immense insurance company with which every single citizen is,compulsorily,insured.,Contributory benefits,e.g.retirement pension,widows benefit,jobseekers allowance,maternity allowance,incapacity benefit,etc.,National InsuranceEverybody wh,7,NHS(National Health Service),In order to obtain the benefits of the national Health Service a person must normally be registered on,a general practitioner,s list.,first go to see the GP(gives treatment or prescribes medicine)go to hospital if necessary,written prescription a chemists shop,The health service funds pay for the cost of each“prescription”above the patients contribution,but for small children and people with low incomes there is no charge at all.,Question:,Only the people with British citizenship can receive free medical attention in the UK?,NHS(National Health Service),8,Family allowance or child benefit,How much is child benefit?,Who can receive it?,How many parents claim it?,Family allowance or child bene,9,Where does the money come from?,National insurance fund,Social security benefits,(paying out benefits to people who are unemployed,or unable to earn because they are old or sick),General taxation,NHS,(80%of the costs of the NHS are paid for out of general taxation,the remainder out of national insurance contributions.),Where does the money come from,10,Problems,Problems,11,Different Attitudes:,Some people criticize the welfare state for being,too generous,.Others claim that it is,not generous enough,.,Need a bit more,healthy competition,and a bit more,healthy fear,of unemployment,Different Attitudes:Some peop,12,“I came to office with one deliberate intent:to change Britain from a dependent to a self-reliant society;from a,give-it-to-me,to,a do-it-yourself,nation;a,get-up-and-go,instead of a,sit-back-and-wait,Britain.”,-,Margaret Thatcher,Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a welfare state.,Comprehensive Work,“I came to office with one del,13,Next Weeks Presentations,Television talent show/competition:,American Got Talent(英国达人),X-factor(英国偶像),Soap operas:,Eastenders(东区人),Coronation Street(加冕街),Next Weeks PresentationsTelev,14,Brief introduction of its history,The present system,The influences of the system,Measures to solve the problems,Brief introduction of its hist,15,History of Welfare State in UK,History of Welfare State in UK,16,(二)英国现代社会保障制度的建立,1、建立背景,随着工业化的不断深入,社会矛盾突出:政府举办的济贫活动杯水车薪,民间互助使的广大贫民付不起互助金,贫富分化日益加剧等。,2、思想基础,新自由主义思想(强调有限的自由,提供自由的共享性);集体主义思潮(关注公共利益、建立社会保障制度);费边主义,3、建立与发展阶段,1)自由党执政前的社会保障政策,1905年英国政府通过了类似“以工代赈”的个人失业法,由于资金问题,随后贝弗里奇提出建立劳动交换所与事业保险结合,解决失业者就业与救济失业。,2)英国社会保障体系的形成,1906年,自由党执政,新自由助于正式成为英国官方政策的重要基础。失业问题的解决(1909年劳动介绍所法、1911年失业保险法第二部分)、老年问题的解决(1908年养老金法)、健康问题的解决(国民保险法第一部分健康保险法),(二)英国现代社会保障制度的建立1、建立背景,17,3)第一次世界大战后英国社会保障制度的初步发展,a、失业保险制度等的发展:失业保险支出的增加,使得政府陷入两难境地-失业保险双轨制得建立,以1934年失业保险法使得失业保险制度与失业救济制度分离。,b、养老保险制度的发展:养老金制度的免费性的局限性,使得1925年保守党
展开阅读全文