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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,名词性从句,西安临潼华清中学,鲁翔,名词性从句,概念,：名词性从句在功能上相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语，因此名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。,【,考点解读,】1.,考点分析,近几年高考几乎每年都涉及对从句的考查。考查形式主要以单项填空、完形填空及短文改错为主。名词性从句侧重考查考生在具体的语言环境下对从句的语序、连接词以及主、从句时态呼应等的掌握。尤其是对连接词考查的居多。,2,、命题趋势,今后高考命题，名词性从句部分将会着重考察语序问题（特别是,wh,引起的名词性从句）、连接词的区分（主要为,what,与,that,whether,与,if,等）。下面就考试中应该注意的问题谈谈。,【,考点一,】,名词性从句的语序问题,名词性从句必须使用陈述句语序，而不用疑问句语序。,What surprised me most,was that the little girl could play the piano so well.,Could you tell me,where he lives,?,I have no idea,what he had done the day before.,4.,The question is,when we,ll complete the project,重点提示,：,1.,疑问词作主语时不需要考虑语序问题。,what,caused the accident is still a complete mystery.,2.,宾语从句中语序问题的特殊现象,（,1,）,.He asked me what was the matter.(,句中,what,作主语,不可以说,he asked me what the matter was.),(2).He asked me who she is.(,句中,who,作表语,不可以说,he asked me who is she),（,3,）,.You can,t imagine how excited they were when they received these nice Christmas presents.,在宾语从句中，当引导的宾语从句中有副词修饰谓语动词或者形容词作表语时，应该用感叹句式。,【,考点二,】,宾语从句中的时态呼应,1.,如果主句是祈使句或者主句用现在时或者是将来时，则从句用任何时态。,Tell me where you have been recently.,I hear he,ll be back in an hour.,2.,若主句用过去时，则从句也要用相应的过去时态，但是若从句所表述的内容时普遍存在的客观事实、真理或者自然规律等时，则从句仍然用现在时。,The old man said the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,The teacher said that light travels faster than sound.,【,考点三,】,名词性从句连接词的用法,1.,连接词的选择：关键是要看所在句子的句意和结构是否完整。如果不完整，则要考虑使用连接代词或者副词。反之，考虑使用,that,或,whether/if,。,类别,作用或意义,句法功能,备注,that,连接作用；无词义；,不做成分,宾从省略（,2,个或,2,个以上的宾从）；其它不省。,if/whether/as if,连接作用；是否,/,好像,不做成分,表、同位从不省；主首、主后；宾从二者之差异；表从与,like/seem,连接代词,连接作用；有意义,做主、表、宾、定,Whom(ever),只作宾语；,连接副词,连接作用；有意义,作状语,That/if/whether/as if,的区别,1.That/if/whether/as if,（仅限于表语从句）,:,均不做句子的任何成分，因此他们所引导的句子结构必须完整。,That,一般用于确定的语气中，引导宾语从句时，口语中的,That,可以省略。而其他情况中的,That,一般不可以省略。,if/whether,一般用于不确定的语气。,真题,1 Some researchers believe that there is no doubt_ a cure for AIDS will be found.(2005,粤,),A.which,B.that,C.what D.whether,the question of _,2.Whether,和,if,的区别,连词,if/whether,：两者均有,“,是否,”,之意，在句中都不做任何成分。一般说来，,if,只能引导宾语从句，而引导主语从句、表语从句或者同位语从句要用,whether,。即使是引导宾语从句若是与,or not,直接连用、或在,discuss,等动词之后，一般也只能用,whether,不用,if,。但若宾语从句是否定式时一般用,if,而不用,whether,。因此除了引导否定宾语从句只能用,if,外，我们选用,whether,来表达,“,是否,”,更为保险。,真题,2 We haven,t settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad.,因此，,A.if B.where,C.whether,D.That,3.,连接代词和连接副词的选择,连接代词和连接副词它们都有各自的意思，并在从句中做某一句子成分。连接代词在句子中做主语、宾语、表语和定于，连接副词在句子中做状语。因此，选择连接代词和连接副词时，要综合考虑句子意义的需要和句子成分的需要两个方面，才能做出正确的选择。,真题,3 See the flags on top of the building?That was _we did this morning.,A.when B.which C.where,D.What,真题,4 Please remind me _he said he was going.I may be in time to see him off.,A.where,B.when,C.how D.what,4.,其他情况：,（,1,）,which,不引导同位语从句，它在主语、表语、宾语从句中长用作定于，即修饰一名词，表示名词有特定的范围。,（,2,）,why,引导表语从句时，从句表达的是结果；,because,引导表语从句时，从句内容表达的是原因。如：,His car broken down on the way.That,s why he came late for school.,He didn,t come to work those days.That,s because he was ill.,（,3,）,what/who/when/where,等引导名词性从句含有疑问语气；而,wh,ever,之类 连接词不表示疑问。,whatever/whichever,前者强调,“,无论什么,”,，相当于,anything that,，并不说明范围，而后者既可以指人也可以指物，既可以单独使用，又可以修饰名词，也可以和,of,短语连用,表示某一范围中的无论哪个。,真题,5,team wins on Saturdays will go through to the national championships.,A.no matter what B.no matter which,C.whatever,D .whichever,that/what,That,与,what,二者 都可以引导主语、表语、宾语和同位语从句。,that,只起连接作用，不充当任何成分。而,what,在意思上相当于,all that(all the things that,或,the things which),，译为,的东西或事情。除起连接作用外，在名词性从句中充当主语、宾语或者表语。,what(the things which)we get seems better than what(the things which)we have.,【,考点四,】,名词性从句中的虚拟语气问题,1.,主语从句,(a),it+be+necessary/natural/important/strange,等,+that+,主语,+(should)+do;,(b),it+be+,表示,“,请求,/,命令,/,建议,/,决心等,”,意义的名词,(advice/suggestion/request/demand,等,)+that+,主语,+(should)+do;,(c),it+be+,表示,“,请求,/,命令,/,建议,/,决心等,”,意义的过去分词,(ordered/suggested/requested/demanded,等,)+that+,主语,+(should)+do.,2.,表语从句,当主句中的主语是表示请求,/,命令,/,建议,/,决心等意义的名词,(advice/suggestion/request/demand,等,),时，表语从句的谓语部分要用,(should)+do,。,3.,宾语从句,当主句中的谓语表示请求,/,命令,/,建议,/,决心等意义时，从句的谓语部分要用,(should)+do,。,4.,同位语从句,4.,同位语从句,在表示建议、命令、要求的名词、,requirement/advice/suggestion/request/demand,等引导的同位语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用,(should)+do.,例如：,The workers demanded that their wages(should)be raised.,His advice is that we(should)leave here at once.,The order that work(should)be completed in two days is given.,It is suggested that she(should)take more exercise.,【,考点三,】,名词性从句的其他考点,1,定语从句与同位语从句的用法比较,2,宾语从句中的否定转移,3,主语从句作主语时谓语动词的数,4,某些固定搭配及句型在名词性从句中的用法,thank you for listening,thank you for listening,