Cooperative-Language-Learning

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,If you have an apple and I have an apple and we exchange these apples then you and I will still each have one apple.But if you have an idea and I have an idea and we exchange these ideas,then each of us will have,two ideas,.,Cooperative Learning,OUTLINE,What is cooperative learning?,Types of cooperative learning groups,Design,Procedure,Key elements,Conclusion,What is cooperative,learning?,Cooperativelearningisasuccessfulteachingstrategyinwhichsmallteams,eachwithstudentsofdifferentlevelsofability,useavarietyoflearningactivitiestoimprovetheirunderstandingofasubject.Eachmemberofateamisresponsiblenotonlyforlearningwhatistaughtbutalsoforhelpingteammateslearn,thuscreatinganatmosphereofachievement.Studentsworkthroughtheassignmentuntilallgroupmemberssuccessfullyunderstandandcompleteit.,T,ypes of cooperative learning groups,There are three types of cooperative learning,groups:,1.Formal cooperative learning groups,2.Informal cooperative learning groups,3.Cooperative base groups,1.Formal cooperative learning groups,These last from one class period to several weeks and,established for a specific task and involve students,working together to achieve shared learning goals,2.Informal cooperative learning groups,These last from a few minutes to a class period and are used to focus student,s,attention or to facilitate learning during direct teaching,3.Cooperative base groups,It consists of heterogeneous learning groups with stable membership whose primary purpose is to allow members to give each other the support,help and encouragement they need to succeed academically.,Approach:theory of language and theory of learning,Theory of language,Support both,structural,and,functional,models as well as,interactional,models of language,Theory of learing,Learners develop,communicative competence,in a language by conversing in socially or pedagogically structures situations,Design,Objectives,a)foster cooperation rather than competition,b)develop critical thingking skills,c)develop communicative competence,Learner roles,The primary role of the learner is as a member of a group who must work cooperatively on tasks with other group members._tutor,checke,r,recorder,and information shares.,Teacher roles,an important role for the teacher is that of facilitator of learning.(create a highly structured and well organized learning environment in the classroom,setting goals,planning tasks and assigning students to groups and roles),The role of instructional materials,materials play an important part in creating opportunities for students to work cooperatively.,procedure,1 Teacher assigns students to pairs with at least one good reader in each pair.,2 Student A describes,Student B listens and outlines A”s idea.,3 Student A and B”s role have exchange,4 Students individually research the material they need and keeping an eye out for material useful to their partner,5 The students work together to write the first paragraph of each compositions,6 Students write their compositions individually.,7 They proofread each other”s compositions and making corrections.,8 Students revise their compositions.,9 Students reread each other”s compositions and sign their names to indicate that each compositions is error-free,key elements,of successful group-based learning.,Positive interdependence,Face-to-face interaction,Positive interdependence,Positiveinterdependenceissuccessfullystructuredwhengroup membersperceivethattheyarelinkedwitheachotherina,waythatonecannotsucceedunlesseveryonesucceeds.,Groupgoalsandtasks,therefore,mustbedesignedand,communicatedtostudentsinwaysthatmakethembelievetheysinkorswimtogether.Whenpositiveinterdependenceis,solidlystructured,ithighlightsthat(a)eachgroupmember”s,effortsarerequiredandindispensableforgroupsuccessand,(b)eachgroupmemberhasauniquecontributiontomake,tothejointeffortbecauseofhisorherresourcesandtask,responsibilities.,Face-to-face interaction,Studentsneedtodorealworktogetherinwhichthey,promoteeachother”ssuccessbysharingresourcesand,helping,supporting,encouraging,andapplaudingeach,other”seffortstoachieve.Thereareimportantcognitive,activitiesandinterpersonaldynamicsthatcanonlyoccur,whenstudentspromoteeachother”slearning.This,includesorallyexplaininghowtosolveproblems,teaching one”sknowledgetoothers,checkingforunderstanding,discussingconceptsbeinglearned,andconnecting,presentwithpastlearning.,Conclusion,Advantages,1.,I t is a good way to develop friendship with pleasure.,2.freedom to teachers to master new professional skills,particularly those emphasizing communication.,3.to provide opportunities for learners to develop successful learning and communication s,kills.,4.to enhance learner motivation and reduce learner stress and to create a positive affective.,Disadvantages,1.students cant accept their new roles easily that means teacher should not take the oriented role anymore,but handle it to students.,2.some bad habits may occur among student