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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,什么是复合句？,复合句又称主从复合句，由,一个主句,和,一个或一个以上的从句,构成，主句为句子的主体，从句不能独立，只能用作句子的一个成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语、状语（包括地点、条件、时间、原因、让步、比较、结果等状语）。,从句担任哪个句子成分，这个从句就叫做该成分的从句,，如主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。,什么叫名词性从句？,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句,(,Noun Clauses,）,名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任,主语、宾语、表语、同位语,等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为,主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句,和,同位语从句,名词性从句,noun clause,主语从句,subject clause,宾语从句,object clause,表语从句,predicative clause,同位语从句,appositive clause,Grammar,Grammar,主语从句,主语从句：,做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有连词,that,，,whether,，连接代词,who,，,what,，,which,，连接副词,when,，,where,，,how,，,why,等。,1,）,从属连词,：,that,，,whether,等,.,that,引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，,whether,有含义，但 与,that,一样在主语从句中不充当任何成分，,不能省略,。,That,he will win is certain,.,他肯定会赢。,Whether,hell come here isnt clear.,他是否会来这里还不清楚。,注意,:,由,that,引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免,“,头重脚轻,”,常用,it,作,形式主语,而把从句放在后面。例如,:,1.,That,he will refuse this piece of advice,is impossible.,_ _,2.,That they should like each other,is natural.,_,*it,为形式主语,It,is natural,that,they should like each other.,It,is impossible,that,he will refuse this piece of advice.,这样就构成了下面一些常用句型,:,1)It is+n.+,从句,It is a pity/shame that.,遗憾的是,It is a surprise that,令人惊奇的是,It is a fact that ,是事实,It is common knowledge that,是常识,*,_(,很遗憾,)we lost the match.,*_(,这是事实,)he cheated in the exam.,It is a pity that,It is a fact that,2)It is+adj.+,从句,Its certain that,肯定,It is possible that.,很可能,It is unlikely that.,不可能,It is obvious that,很明显,It is necessary important natural.that,*_(,很可能,)she will come back tomorrow.,*_(,很明显,)this measure is effective.,+(should)+do,It is possible that,It is obvious that,3)It+,不及物动词,+,从句,It happened that.,碰巧,It occurred to me that,我突然想起,*_(,刚好,)I came into the office at that time.,*_(,我突然想起,)I forget to sent the letter.,It happened that,It occurred to me that,4)It+be+,过去分词,+,从句,It is said that.,据说,It is known to all that.,众所周知,It is reported that.,据报道,It is believed that.,据信,;,人们相信,It is suggested that+,(should,）,do,.,建议,It must be admitted that,必须承认,It cannot be denied that,不可否认,It must be pointed out that,需指出的是,*,_(,据报道,)20 people were killed in the accident.,*_(,建议,)we,should,eat more vegetable and do more exercise.,It is reported that,It is suggested that,2.,连接代词,who,，,what,，,which,whatever,whichever,whoever,(Who,whom,which,what,可以和,ever,构成合成词，和,what,一样引导从句，,ever,起到强调作用。,此类主语从句不能用形式主语,it,引导,，它们在句子中担任成分，,不能省略,，语序为陈述语序,),What,many scientists believe,is that the earth is round,Who will take part in the meeting,has not been decided.,Whoever breaks the law,will be punished.,Which student will win is uncertain.,Whatever,was said here,must be kept secret.,这里说的话都应当保密。,Whoever,makes mistakes,must correct them.,凡犯了错误的人都必须改正,。,3),连接副词,when,，,where,，,how,，,why,等。,Why,they suddenly disappeared,still remains a mystery.,When,they will leave,is not decided.,Where,she is from,is unknown.,How,we will paint the house,has not been decided.,注意,:,1,）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用,it,做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词,that,可以省略。,误：,They should like each other is natural.,正：,That they should like each other is,natural.,正：,It is natural(that)they should like,each other.,2),如果主语从句放在句首，不能用,if,引导，但是如果用,it,做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用,if,引导,.,或把,if,改为,whether,误：,If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.,正：,It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.,正,:Whether Mary really heard him is really,doubtful.,Complete the sentences using,what,whether,where,when,，,who,why,how,or,that,.,1.(_ is needed for success),is,your hard work.,3.(_ we will go tomorrow),hasnt,been decided yet.,2.(_ they will arrive),has,been told to the teacher.,4.(_ can join in the sport meet),is,decided by the teacher.,5.(_ it will rain or not),is,not clear.,What,When/How,Where/whether,Who,Whether,主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。,Conclusion:,主语从句的规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结规律,例,1.When will he come is not known.,规律一、,主语从句一律用陈述语序，,即主语在前，谓语在后。,正,：,When he will come,is not known.,主语从句的规律：,例,2.He will not come to the meeting,this evening is true.,正：,That he will not come to the,meeting this evening,is true.,规律二、,连词,that,在从句中无实际意义，,但不能省略。,主语从句的规律：,例,3,.If the meeting will be put off,has not been decided yet.,正：,Whether,the meeting will be put off,has not been decided yet.,规律三、,whether,可以引导主语从句，,放在句首，但,if,不能,主语从句的规律：,例,4.,That whether,he will help others,is a fact.,正,：,That,he will help others is a fact.,规律四、,主语从句中的连词不能重叠使用。,主语从句的规律：,例,5.,When he will come,are,a puzzle.,正,：,When he will come,is,a puzzle.,规律五、,含主语从句的主句谓语动词多用,单数第三人称形式。,主语从句的规律：,1.What he needs,is,that book.,2.What he needs,are,some books.,规律六、,what,引导的主语从句，可根据,表语决定主句动词的单复数形式,。,规律七、,主语从句为了避免头重脚轻现 象，用,it,做,形式主语，,而 把从 句放在后面。,That the earth turns around the sun is known to all.,It,is known to all that the earth turns,around the sun.,找出错误，并给出理由：,1.Where shall we spend the holiday isnt decided.,2.You have made a mistake is a fact.,3.If the policeman will come is not certain.,4.That is certain that we can win.,we shall,Whether,It,That you have,5.It is ordered we should leave at once.,6.Where he comes from are a mystery.,7.What whether he likes the job is
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