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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英 语 长 句 理 解 策 略,1,英 语 长 句 理 解 策 略 1,1英语长句构成的几种方式:,a.并列成分多,例1,Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep,electricity is working for us,driving our refrigerators,heating our water,or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.,2,1英语长句构成的几种方式:2,B.补充说明成分多,即同位语、插入语多,例:,Behaviorists,in contrast,say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy.,相反,行为主义者认为,成绩的差异是由于黑人往往被剥夺了白人在教育及其他环境方面所享有的许多有利条件。,3,B.补充说明成分多,即同位语、插入语多3,C.,从句多,例:,Thus the Arab Umayyad dynasty of caliphs(阿拉伯伍麦叶里发王朝),which had moved the capital from Medina(麦地那)to Damascus(大马士革)in 661,came to be regarded with much justification as a parasitic clique(寄生集团)that had outlived its usefulness once the conquests were completed.,译:,人们开始有理由充分地认为,阿拉伯伍麦叶里发王朝是征服战争完成后毫无作用的一个寄生集团;伍麦叶王朝曾于661年从麦地那迁都大马士革。,4,C.从句多 4,2理解英语长句的策略,:,A.从长期认真系统的学习中养成比较强的语感,力求可以一目了然明白句子的意思,。,5,2理解英语长句的策略:5,例:,For a family of four,for example,it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home,with almost unlimited entertainment available,than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.,译:,譬如,对于一个四口之家来说,舒舒服服地在家中看电视,就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目,这比到外面别的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。,6,例:For a family of four,for e,B.英语句子表达理解原则:任何一个句子都是意思和语法的统一,即:既要意思通顺,又要语法正确。因此,可根据以上原则从谓语入手,找出主句从句的主谓宾,从整体上把握句子的结构,。,7,B.英语句子表达理解原则:任何一个句子都是意思和语法,A).一般情况下(除了存在谓语并列的现象外),一个句子如果有n个谓语,说明该句子包含有n1个从句。如:,例,Behaviorists(行为主义者)suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli(刺激因素)which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.,译:,行为主义者认为,如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素,这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展,那么,儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。,8,A).一般情况下(除了存在谓语并列的现象外),一个句子,B).注意识别假谓语动词,动词分谓语动词和非谓语动词,后者所体现出来的不定式、分词(现在分词和过去分词)极其容易被误认为谓语动词,尤其不带to的不定式。,All you need do is press the switch,and the motor starts.,你只需要按一下开关,马达就发动了。,9,B).注意识别假谓语动词 动词分谓语动词和非谓语动词,后,-The only way we can do is stand together.,我们能做的唯一办法就是团结。,10,-The only way we can do is s,C).,有时主语不是一个词或词组,而是一个主语从句。一个主语从句以单数处理。,例22:,Whether big cities continue to grow,or to decentralize away(离开中心)from the dominant city into larger regional urban groupings,depends on many and varied factors,including the development of modern communication and transport systems.,译:,大城市是继续增大,还是在中心城以外更大区域内分散建造许多居民区,这取决于许多不同的因素,其中包括现代通讯和交通系统的发展。,11,C).有时主语不是一个词或词组,而是一个主语从句。一个主语,C.去掉定语及状语。,在句子中,句子最主要的结构为主谓(宾)或主系表,因为它们这些成分表达了一个句子最主要的意思,定语状语因为在句子中起修饰说明或限定的作用,它们可被认为是句子次要的结构。解题时,可先去掉定语状语部分。句子中可做为定语状语的除了容易识别的词外,还有状语从句、定语从句、前面不带be的介词短语和非谓语动词短语(不定式短语和分词短语),这些现象在句子中非常普遍。,12,C.去掉定语及状语。在句子中,句子最主要的结构为主谓(宾,D.弄清楚句子中词(组)与词(组)之间的关系,分清哪些是并列成分、哪些是修饰语、哪些是同位语、哪些是插入语,并列成分的识别方法:1)并列排比现象,如例1;2)通过and、or、also、eitheror、neithernor、bothand等并列连词,插入语的识别方法很简单,其特征为完整的句子结构插入两个逗号或两个“”,即:“Abcdefghijk,uvwxyz,lmnopqrst.”、“Abcdefghijk,uvwxyz,lmnopqrst.”。,13,D.弄清楚句子中词(组)与词(组)之间的关系,分清哪些是,例.,Modern scientific and technical books,especially textbooks,require revision at short intervals if their authors wish to keep pace with new ideas,observations and discoveries.,译:,对于现代科技书籍,特别是教科书来说,要是作者希望自己书中的内容能与新概念、新观察到的事实和新发现同步发展的话,那么就应该每隔较短的时间,将书中的内容重新修改。,14,例.Modern scientific and tech,例.,Television,it is often said,keeps one informed about current events,allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics,and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining.,译:,人们常说,通过电视可以了解时事,掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。,15,例.Television,it is often sai,E.弄清楚从句与主句、从句与从句之间的关系,切勿张冠李戴,即不可把主句的主谓宾与从句的主谓宾或从句间的主谓宾乱点鸳鸯谱,。,例.,Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commencement of the modern age was already known to man at the dawn of history.,译:,近代史开始时,世界拥有的每一项重大成就,已为历史发端期的人们所知晓。,16,E.弄清楚从句与主句、从句与从句之间的关系,切勿张冠,F.弄清楚句子中的指代词所指代的对象,如:it,this,that,these,those,which,so,one,other及常用人称代词等所指代的内容。这些词和词组有时在本句中就能找到,有时则要到前面有关的句子中去找。结合上下文的意思进行理解。侠义的上下文指本句前后句子,广义的上下文指前后段落。,17,F.弄清楚句子中的指代词所指代的对象 如:it,thi,例.,The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this,which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.,译:,食品供应的增长将赶不上(人口的增长),这就意味着,我们在粮食生产和购销方面正陷入危机。,18,例.The food supply will not in,G.弄清楚是否句子中是否存在一些特殊的语法现象,如倒装、省略、强调等,Although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns,so vast is the number of planets,that intelligent life is bound to(一定)be a natural part of the universe.,译:,虽然在某处已经开始的生命中可能仅有百分之一会发展成高度复杂、有智慧的型式,但是行星的数目如此之多,以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一个天然组成部分。,19,G.弄清楚是否句子中是否存在一些特殊的语法现象,如倒装、省略,练习:理解下列句子意思并译成汉语,1This method of using“controls”can be applied to a variety of situations,and can be used to find the answer to questions as widely different as“Must moisture be present if iron is to rust?”and“Which variety of beans gives the greatest yield in one season?”,这种使用参照物的方法可以应用于许多种情况,也能用来找到很不相同的各种问题的答案,从“铁生锈,是否必须有一定的湿度才行?”到“哪种豆类一季的产量最高?”,20,练习:理解下列句子意思并译成汉语20,2If parents were pre
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