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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二层,第三层,第四层,第五层,*,锤状趾、槌状趾、爪形趾,Hammer toe,、,Mallet toe,、,Claw toe,锤状趾,1,,跖趾关节中立位或 背伸。,2,,近趾间关节屈曲。,3,,远趾间关节中立位或背伸。,槌状趾,1,,跖趾关节中立位。,2,,近趾间关节中立位。,3,,远趾间关节屈曲。,爪形趾,1,,跖趾关节背伸。,2,,近趾间关节屈曲。,3,,远趾间关节屈曲。,病因,1,,穿不合适的鞋。,2,,趾过长。,3,,邻趾畸形:拇外翻。,4,,创伤后:肌腱损伤,骨筋膜室综合征。,5,,关节炎:类风湿,糖尿病。,6,,神经肌肉疾病:脑瘫,小儿麻痹后遗症。,7,,扁平足,高弓足,踝下垂。,8,,遗传因素。,分类,一,先天性:,二,获得性:,1,,松弛性,(Flexible),2,,半僵硬性,(Semirigid,),3,,僵硬性,(Rigid),分型,1,,轻度:,MPJ,和,IPJ,无固定的挛缩,,足负重后畸形加重。,2,,中度:,PIPJ,有固定挛缩,,MPJ,无过伸畸形。,3,,重度:,PIPJ,有固定挛缩,,MPJ,有固定的过伸畸形。,Push Up Test,诊断,1,,病史,2,,检查,3,,,X,线,4,,其它,治疗目的,1,,纠正畸形。,2,,消除或减轻症状。,3,,恢复功能。,治疗,一,非手术治疗,二,手术治疗,非手术治疗方法,定期清理过度角化皮肤,使用足垫减轻局部压力,更换窄小、紧的鞋袜,急性炎症时可用激素局部注射或理疗,非甾体消炎止痛药物,局部使用角化皮肤分离药物,支具纠正肢体不良力线,病人教育,跖趾关节挛缩,-,软组织手术,1,,腱帽松解。,2,,伸肌腱延长。,3,,关节囊切除。,4,,侧副韧带松解。,5,,跖板松解。,6,,屈肌腱移位。,跖趾关节挛缩,-,骨性手术,1,,,MTPJ,成形术。,2,,跖骨截骨。,锤状趾,-,松弛性,1,,近趾间关节成形术。,2,,单纯屈肌腱移位。,3,,人工关节置换。,4,,屈肌腱切断。,锤状趾,-,僵硬和半僵硬性,1,,近趾间关节成形术。,2,,近趾间关节融合术。,3,,人工关节置换。,槌状趾,-,松弛性,1,,远趾间关节屈肌腱切断和,关节囊切除。,2,,如趾过长,中节趾骨头切,除(,DIPJ,成形术)。,槌状趾,-,僵硬和半僵硬性,1,,,DIPJ,成 形术。,2,,中节趾骨切除。,3,,趾末端部分截除术。,爪形趾,-,松弛性,1,,,PIPJ,成形术。,2,,,PIPJ,融合术。,3,,屈肌腱移位。,爪形趾,-,僵硬和半僵硬性,1,,,PIPJ/DIPJ,成形术。,2,,,PIPJ/DIPJ,融合术。,3,,中节趾骨切除。,4,,屈肌腱移位。,5,,如,DIPJ,无僵硬,可行,PIPJ,成形,结合,DIPJ,屈肌腱切断。,关节成形术,(DuVries,Procedure),屈趾长肌腱移位术,(Girdlestone,-Taylor Procedure),趾末端部分截除术(,Terminal Syme,Procedure,),Weil,截骨术,类风湿前足重建术,类风湿前足重建术,类风湿前足重建术,类风湿前足重建术,术后并发症,1,,持续肿胀。,2,,畸形复发。,3,,疼痛。,4,,关节僵硬。,术后少见并发症,1,,足趾麻木,2,,连枷趾,3,,骨质异常增生引起症状,4,,足趾畸形,5,,畸形愈合或不愈合,6,,内植物碎裂,7,,感染,8,,血管损伤,9,,足趾坏疽,
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