不定式的用法ppt课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Grammar-不定式的用法,Grammar,Grammar-不定式的用法Grammar,1,To finish,so much the homework in a day is impossible.,To see,is,to believe,.,My wish is,to be,a doctor.,I want,to do it,myself.,We found it difficult,to work,with him.,He always has a lot of meetings,to attend,.,He is looking for a room,to live in,.,I study hard,to serve the people,well.,In order not to be late,she took a bus.,To finish so much the homework,2,Grammar-不定式的形式，以（write)为例,动词不定式,：,（to）+do，,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征,。,主动,被动,一般式,to write,to be written,进行式,to be writing,/,完成式,to have written,to have been written,Grammar-不定式的形式，以（write)为例动词,3,否定式,：,not+(to)do,1）,一般式,：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与,谓语动词动作,同时,发生或发生在谓语动词动作,之后,。,Im glad,to meet you.,He seems,to know a lot.,We plan,to pay a visit.,He wants,to be an artist.,The patient asked,to be operated on at once.,The teacher ordered the work,to be done.,否定式：not+(to)do1）一般式：不定式的一般式,4,（2）,进行式,：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作,同时发生,，例如：,The boy pretended,to be working hard.,He seems,to be reading in his room.,（3）,完成式,：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语,动词动作,之前,，例如：,I regretted,to have told,a lie.,I happened,to have seen,the film.,He is pleased,to have met,his friend.,（2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发,5,4.,被动式,The patient asked,to be operated on at once.,The teacher ordered the work,to be done.,4.被动式,6,（1）作主语：,To finish the work,in ten minutes is very hard.,To lose your heart,means failure.,动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语,例如上面两句可用如下形式：,It,is very hard to finish the work,in ten minutes.,It,means failure to lose your heart.,Grammar-不定式的句法功能,（1）作主语：Grammar-不定式的句法功能,7,常见的带形式主语it的句型：,It is,easy(difficult,important,possible,necessary,good,kind,wise,foolish),to do sth.,It is,a pleasure(pity,crime,an honor),to do sth.,It takes(sb.)some time to do sth.,常见的带形式主语it的句型：,8,2）作表语：,Her job is,to clean,the hall.,He appears,to have caught,a cold.,眼见为实.,Seeing is to believe.,To see is believing.,Seeing is believing.,To see is to believe.,你要干的事就是尽快把这项工作做完。,All you have to do is finish the job quickly.,All you have to do is,(,to,),finish the job quickly.,2）作表语：眼见为实.你要干的事就是尽快把这项工作做完。Al,9,不定式作表语时一般紧跟在系动词,be,seem,remain,appear,get,等后面，用来说明主语的内容。,常见的主语有：,ones dream,business,wish,idea,plan,job,work,task,duty,what one wants to do,（,3）,作宾语,：,常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,etc.,Fred didnt have any money,so he,decided to look,for a job.,He,promised not to,tell,anyone about it.,不定式作表语时一般紧跟在系动词be,seem,remai,10,如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，,则用,it,作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）,后置,，,放在宾语补足语后面，例如：,Marx found,it,important to,study the situation in Russia.,动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：,I have no choice but,to stay,here.,He did nothing last Sunday but,repair his bike,.,动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：,He gave us some advice on,how to learn English.,如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，动词不定式也可充当介词宾,11,4）,作宾语补足语：,在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：,want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,call on,wait for,invite,有些动词如,make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have,等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为,被动语态时,，不定式要,加to,如：,I saw him,cross the road.,He was seen,to cross the road.,（7）,作状语：,Eg.He is lucky,to get,here on time.,Be careful,not to catch,a cold.,They started early,so as to catch,the first bus.,I hurried to get there,only to find,him out.,They parted,never to see,each other.,He studied hard,only to fail,.,4）作宾语补足语：有些动词如make,let,see,12,表目的,：,He worked day and night,to get the money,.,She sold her hair,to buy the watch chain.,注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：,wrong：,To save money,every means,has been tried.,right：,To save money,he,has tried every means.,wrong：,To learn English well,a dictionary,is needed.,right：,To learn English well,he,needs a dictionary.,表结果,：,He arrived late,to find the train gone,.,常用only放在不定式前表示强调：,I visited him,only to find him.,表原因：,They were very sad,to hear the news.,表程度,：,Its,too dark,for us,to see anything,.,The question is,simple,for him,to answer,.,表目的：表结果：表原因：,13,作独立成分：,To tell you the truth,I dont like the way,he talked.,不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词,。,If you dont want to do it,you dont need,to,.,不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。,He wished,to study,medicine and,become,a doctor.,作独立成分：不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。不定式,14,为了避免重复，作宾语的不定式第二次出现时往往省略，只保留不定式符号。,在,want,wish,hope,like,hate,plan,try,love,等词后。,Eg.You can try it again if you want to.,-Have you listened to the music?,-No,but I plan to.,2.在,have to,ought to,need,后面。,Eg.I didnt want to bother you,but I had to as I forgot the address.,3.在,be able to,used to,be going to,后面。,Eg.Mr.Li planned to come but he wasnt able to.,Shanghai is not the city as it used to.,Grammar-不定式的省略,为了避免重复，作宾语的不定式第二次出现时往往省略，只保留不定,15,4,.,当介词but,except,besides前面有实义动词do时，不定式在介词,之后可以省去to。,敌人除了投降surrender之外，别无出路。,The enemy can do nothing but_.,The enemy had nothing to choose but _.,除了看小说之外，他还喜欢别的吗？,What does he like to do besides _ novels?,What does he like besides _ novels?,4.当介词but,except,besides前面有实义,16,Exercise,Exercise,17,1 Robert is said _ abroad,but I didnt know what country he studied in.,A,to have studied B to study,C to be studying D to have