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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Summary Writing,Summary Writing,本题总分为,25,分，按,5,个档次给分。,评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要去来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。,词数少于,40,的和多于,80,的，从总分中减去,2,分。,评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑,.,拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。,如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。,1,概要写作评分原则解读,本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。1概要写作评分原则解读,概要写作：,提供一篇,350,词以内,的短文，要求考生基于该短文,写出一篇,60,词左右的,内容概要,评分要点,1,）理解准确，,涵盖全部要点,2,）,准确使用,相应的语法结构和词汇,3,）有效使用语句间的连接成分，,结构紧凑,4,）,完全使用自己的语言,解读之内涵篇,概要写作：评分要点解读之内涵篇,Summary writing for,argumentation,Summary writing for argumentat,There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt,1.R,ead,topic,:,structure,In what,order,does the passage develop to,show the different“attitudes”?,Tip1:,Read for,topic,and structure,There is nothing fixed about a,(2)In the early 16th century,people,thought,that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease,as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular dangerwas thought to lie in public baths.By 1538,the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.Sodid the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirtin a friendly way.Henry IV,King of France,was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken abath,the king ordered that,to avoid the attack of disease,the nobleman should not go out.,(3)Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived,dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighborever since the 18th century.Scientifically speaking,cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet,it seems that standards of cleanliness havemoved beyond science since World War,.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea;clothes need to be whiter than white,cloths ever softer,surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt,however,gone too far?(4)Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt,which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary,Mary Ruebush,anAmerican immunologist(,免疫学家,),encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immunesystem.And the latter position is gaining some ground.,(2)In the early 16th centu,There is nothing fixed about,attitudes,to dirt,2.E,xplore,（探究）,supporting ideas,Find out the topic sentences of each paragraph,There is nothing fixed about a,Para 2,:In the early 16th century,people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease,as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular dangerwas thought to lie in public baths.By 1538,the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.Sodid the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirtin a friendly way.Henry IV,King of France,was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken abath,the king ordered that,to avoid the attack of disease,the nobleman should not go out.,Examples of some European countries,Para 2:In the early 16,(Para 3)Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived,dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighborever,since the 18th century,.Scientifically speaking,cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet,it seems that standards of cleanliness havemoved beyond science since World War,.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea;clothes need to be whiter than white,cloths ever softer,surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt,however,gone too far?,(Para 3)Though the belief,(Para 4)Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely,nowadays.,Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt,which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary,Mary Ruebush,anAmerican immunologist(,免疫学家,),encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immunesystem.And the latter position is gaining some ground.,Tip2:,Explore for topic sentences,leaving out unnecessary points,(Para 4)Attitudes to dirt,3:,P,araphrase,（改写）,There is,nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.,different,mixed,various,opinions,views,ideas,Attitudes to dirt,vary,in different times.,People,hold different/mixed opinions,towards dirt over time.,Tip 3.,Paraphrase with,synonyms,(,同义词）,There is nothing fi,thought,that dirt on the skin was a,means,to,block out,disease,defended their bodies against the attack,of disease.,considered dirt on the skin,helped resist illness,.,protected,people,from,getting ill,.,regard dirt on the skin as a barrier against disease,.,Paraphrase with,synonyms,（同义句）,thought that dirt on the,In the 18,th,century,regarded,cleaning,away,dirt,is good to,health,It was not until.that,peole came to believe,washing off,dirt,benefited,health,.,Centuries later,people came to,adopt/employ/subsribe to a scientific view,on dirt,considering,it,a healthy practice,to,remove dirt off,the
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