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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,法律文本翻译,Translation of Legal Text,I.,Legal Texts Text Type&Nature,Legal Texts Text Type:,-Informative,Legal Texts Nature:,-Normative&Performative,II.Legal Terms Semantic Features,U,nivocity 单义性,S,ynonymity 类义性,A,ntonymity 对义性,2.1 U,nivocity,“单义性是指一个术语只表示一个概念的特性。法律术语的“单义性特征,是指一个法律术语在某个法系或法律体系中只表示一个法律概念,而这一法律概念反过来又只能用这个法律术语来表示的这种特征。,“订金 c.f.“定金,“订金属于预先支付的一局部价款,不具备担保的性质,而“定金那么具备担保的性质,并且有严格的设立条件。依据担保法的规定,当事人可以约定一方向对方给付定金作为债权的担保,债务人履行债务后,定金应当抵作价款或者收回。由于二者法律性质有别,因而在不履行约定时法律处理上差异较大:对“定金而言,给付定金的一方不履行约定的债务时,无权要求返还定金;收取定金的一方不履行约定的债务时,应当双倍返还定金。然而对于“订金而言,如果收取订金的一方不能履行约定,交付订金的一方只可要求返还订金而不能要求双倍返还。换言之,“定金具备法律效力,而“订金那么不具备法律效力。,订金(“头款或“首期付款)down payment“c.f.,定金deposit“(或earnest money),2.,2,S,ynonymity,“类义词是指词类相同且语义上有着某种联系的一组词,这些词常通过“and或“or等连词组合在一起,并常常出现在句子的同一位置,用来表示类似但不同的含义。这些词易被人误认为是同义词或近义词,但根据法律术语的“单义性特征,它们既非同义词也非近义词。,(i)所有权:占用权、使用权、收益权、处分权,(ii)著作权:发表权、署名权、修改权、作品内容完整权,(iii)土地使用权:划拨土地使用权、出让土地使用权、转让土地使用权,(iv)法律、法规、条例、规定、方法,(v)定金、留置金、担保金、保证金、押金、订金,Property:land,chattel,chose in action,share,Dispose:convey,sale,assign,transfer,Right:power,authority,discretion,title,Term:condition,warranty,in nominate,Charge:mortgage,pledge,lien,hypothecation,Intellectual Property:patent right,trademark right,copyright,2,.,3,A,ntonymity,“对义词是指词语的意义相互矛盾、相互对立,即词语所表示的概念在逻辑上具有一种矛盾或对立的关系的词relational opposites。,Right,obligation,Plaintiff,Defendant,Appellant,Appellee,Mortgagor,Mortgagee,Promisor,Promisee,Debtor,Creditor,offeror,offeree,Lessor,Lessee,权利,-义务,原告,被告,上诉人,-被上诉人,抵押人,承受抵押人,立约人,受约人,债务人,债权人,报价人,受盘人,出租人,承租人,I,II,.,Legal Englishs Lexical Features,3.1 use of formal and normative words,before,prior to,after,subsequent,but,provided that,例如:,宣誓书(,affidavit,)的正式用语有being first duly sworn、depose and say;before me。,判决书用Now therefore、It is ordered、Adjudged、and Decreed做出判决。,JOINT AFFIDAVIT,聯合聲明,We,_(,丈夫姓名,)and _(,妻子姓名,),husband and wife and with residence and address at,雙方住址,_,after having duly sworn in accordance with law,depose and say,茲宣誓聲明,:,3.2 Use of common words with uncommon meanings,action,alienation,avoid,Consideration,Counterpart,execute,hand,Instrument,negligence,party,prejudice,s,aid,s,ave,s,erve,a,ward,damages,诉讼,转让,取消,对价,有同等效力的副本,签署,签名,法律文件,过失,一方,损害,上述,该,除了,送达,法庭裁决,赔偿金,3.3 Use of doublets and triplets,rights and interests 权益,terms and conditions 条款,complete and final understanding 全部和最终的理解,customs fees and duties 关税,losses and damages 损坏,null and void 无效,sign and issue 签发,ordain and establish 缔造,sell,transfer and dispose,出售,转让和处置,land,tenements and hereditaments,土地、房屋和不动产,3.4 Use of modal verbs,The payment of the aforesaid expenses,shall,be effected against presentation of original vouchers after being checked.,上述有关费用均,须,凭核实的原始单据支付。,*,No,departments of the Central People,s Government and no province,autonomous region,or municipality directly under the Central Government,may,interfere in the affairs which the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region administers on its own in accordance with this law.,中央人民政府所属各部门,各省、自治区、直辖市,均不得,干预香港特别行政区根据本法自行管理的事物。,3.5 Use of archaic words,如:aforesaid(如前所述),hereinafter(在下文),hereunder(在.以下),herein(此中),hereafter(此后将来),hereby(籍此),therein(在那里),thereby因此,thereof(由此),whereby(因此,由是)whereof(关于它).whatsoever(无论什么),3.6 Borrowed Latin words&French words,被吸收成为英语词的拉丁文的词语,affidavit(宣誓书)、alias(化名;别名)、alibi(不在犯罪现场)、quorum(法定人数)等。,出现在法律文件中的拉丁词语,ad hoc(专门的;专门地)、bona fide(真诚的,真诚地)、de facto(事实上的)、in re(关于)、inter alia(除了别的因素以外)、mutatis mutandis(在细节上作适当修正后)、pari passu(按相同比例)、per se(自身)、pro bono(为了公益)、pro rata(按比例)等。,3.7 Use of legal terms and cliche,Legal terms:,alibi(不在犯罪现场)、appeal(上诉)、bail(保释)、burden of proof(举证责任)、cause of action(案由)、contributory negligence(与有过失)、damages(损失赔偿金)、defendant(被告)、due diligence(审慎调查)、felony(重罪)、lessee(承租人)、lessor(出租人)、letters patent(专利证书)、negotiable instrument(流通票据)、novation(更替)、plaintiff(原告)、prejudice(损害)、reasonable doubt(合理的疑心)、remedy(救济)、secondment(临时调任)、tort(侵权行为)。,Cliche:for no other purposes,shall not operate as a waiver,shall not be deemed a consent,including but not limited to,or other similar or dissimilar causes,without prejudice to,nothing contained herein shall 等。,IV.,Legal Englishs Syntactic Features,Use of long&complex sentences:,据专家统计,在英美普通法法系的法律文件中,句子的平均长度约为271 个单词,而科技句子的平均长度那么只有27.6个单词。英语句子的平均长度为17个单词。,use of passive voice、use of nominalization of verbs、paralleling of synonymous structures、nouns modified by structures of multiple post-modification and conditional restriction by adverbs,4.1 use of passive voice,The formation of this Contract,its validity,interpretation,execution and settlement of disputes in connection herewith shall be governed by the laws of the Peoples Republic of China(“PRC),but in the event that there is no published and publicly available law in the PRC governing a particular matter relating to this Contract,reference shall be made to general international commercial practice.,译文:本合同的订立、效力、解释、执行及合同争议的解决,均受中华人民共和国(“中国)法律管辖。中国公布的法律对本合同相关的某一事项未作规定的,参照国际商业惯例。,4.,2,Use of nominali
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