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,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2018-1-28,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,腹部闭合性损伤,B,lunt Abdominal Trauma,概述,病因及分类,临床,表现,诊断,处理,病因及分类,腹部损伤常见于交通事故,故意伤害和工业事故。,70-80%,需要手术治疗。,一般分为开放性和闭合性。,医源性损伤更应重视!,临床表现,表现差异大,内脏,损伤主要表现为腹腔出血和腹膜炎。,实质脏器,空腔脏器。,因时间,损伤强度而表现不同。,综合动态分析很重要。,诊断,主要依据:病史,体格检查,相关辅助检查。,有,无损伤,实质还是空腔脏器,可能的器官,损伤程度等。,诊断,性腹腔穿刺及腹腔灌洗。,X,线,B,超,CT,诊断,性腹腔镜,剖腹探查术,Algorithm for the evaluation and management of blunt abdominal trauma,处理,注意多发伤,静脉,通路的建立,急救流程的执行,非手术治疗及观察,手术治疗,损伤控制性手术,DCS,(,damage control surgery,),MDT,及,ICU,的价值,实质性脏器损伤特征及处理,肝脏损伤,脾脏,损伤,胰腺损伤,十二指肠损伤*,肝脏损伤,分类:包膜下血肿,真性破裂,中央破裂。,分级:损伤范围,深度,是否伴有重要血管损伤。,非手术治疗,手术治疗,修补术,肝部分切除术,纱布填塞法,损伤控制手术,介入治疗。,Grade 4 liver laceration involving the right hepatic lobe on abdominal CT scan.Note the focus of active contrast extravasation within the injured liver parenchyma at the periphery of the injury(arrow),脾脏损伤,分类:中央型破裂,被膜下破裂,真性破裂。,注意延迟性脾破裂。,分级,非,手术治疗,手术治疗,保脾手术,脾切除,自体性脾移植术。,Splenic injury with subcapsular hematoma.Despite only a 1-cm capsular tear,this injury demonstrated ongoing hemorrhage,Grade 3 splenic laceration on abdominal CT scan.Note the focus of active contrast extravasation within the injured splenic parenchyma(arrow),胰腺损伤,分类:单纯挫伤,深部撕裂伤,胰腺断裂,胰头挫裂伤,合并十二指肠损伤等。,术,前,CT,检查关键,损伤分级:轻度,重度,胰管损伤及断裂。,术,前评估,手术原则:,彻底清创,确切止血,控制胰腺外漏,处理合并伤及通畅引流。,Pancreatic injury on abdominal CT scan.The injury involves the pancreatic neck and appears as a 2-cm segment of nonperfused pancreas tissue,with surrounding edema(arrow),Algorithm for the operative management of pancreatic injury,十二指肠损伤*,损伤分级,挫伤,撕裂伤,血肿,穿孔,破裂,断裂,肠管组织缺失。,术前评估,发现时间长短,组织水肿情况,肠管缺失程度,合并伤,出血等,手术治疗,单纯修补,带蒂肠片修补,肠肠吻合术,憩室化手术,胰十二指肠切除术等。,
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