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,男子的头颅的最大宽度,(,mm,),,141,148,132,138,154,142,150,146,155,158,150,140,147,148,144,150,149,145,149,158,143,141,144,144,126,140,144,142,141,140,145,135,147,146,141,136,140,146,142,137,148,154,137,139,143,140,131,143,141,149,148,135,148,152,143,144,141,143,147,146,150,132,142,142,143,153,149,146,149,138,142,149,142,137,134,144,146,147,140,142,140,137,152,145,一、直方图,例,1,下面给出了,84,个伊特拉斯坎,(,Etruscan,),人,数据的,“频率直方图”,.,现在来画这些,步骤:,1.,找出最小值,126,,,最大值,158,,,现取区间,124.5,159.5,;,2.,将区间,124.5,,,159.5,等分为,7,个小区间,,3.,小区间的端点称为组限,数出落在每个小区,列表如下:,组 限,频 数,频 率,累计频率,124.5129.5,1,0.0119,0.0119,129.5134.5,4,0.0476,0.0595,134.5139.5,10,0.1191,0.1786,139.5144.5,33,0.3929,0.5715,144.5149.5,24,0.2857,0.8572,149.5154.5,9,0.1071,0.9643,154.5159.5,3,0.0357,1.0000,这样的图形叫,频率直方图,.,频率直方图,129.5 134.5 139.5 144.5 149.5 154.5 159.5,.,.,.,.,.,.,0.095,0.071,0.048,0.024,图,6-1,二、箱线图,定义,综上,,例,2,设有一组容量为,18,的样本如下(已经排过序),122 126 133 140 145 145 149 150 157,解,162 166 175 177 177 183 188 199 212,数据集的箱线图是由箱子和直线组成的图形,,它是基于以下五个数的图形概括:,在同一水平,高度自箱子右侧引一条水平线直至最大值,.,如图所示,.,图,6-2,以下是,8,个病人的血压(收缩压,,mmHg,)数,解,故,例,3,试作出箱线图,.,据(已经过排序),102 110 117 118 122 123 132 150,故,故,作出箱线图如图所示,.,图,6-3,例,4,量(以升计,.,数据应经过排序),女子组,2.7 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.4,男子组,4.1 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.8,试分别画出这两组数据的箱线图,.,下面分别给出了,25,个男子和,25,个女子的肺活,3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.7,3.7 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.2,5.1 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7,5.8 5.8 6.0 6.1 6.3 6.7 6.7,解,女子组,男子组,作出箱线图如图所示,.,图,6-4,女子,男子,在数据集中,,称为,四分位数间距,.,某一个观察值不寻常地大于或,小于该数据集中的其他数据,,称为,疑似异常值,.,疑似异常值,修正箱线图,自箱子左侧引一水平线段直至数据集中,又自箱子右侧引一,除去疑似异常值后的最小值,,水平线直至数据集中除去疑似异常值后的最大值,.,例,5,下面给出了某医院,21,个病人的住院时间(以,1 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 7 7 9 9,解,试画出修正箱线图(数据已经过排序),.,天计),,10 12 12 13 15 18 23 55,故,55,是疑似异常值,,且仅此一个疑,疑似异常值,.,作出修正箱线图如图所示,.,图,6-5,1.,频率直方图作图步骤,(1),找出最小值和,最大值,;,(2),将选定区间分为,k,个小区间;,三、小结,高度自箱子右侧引一条水平线直至最大值,.,2.,箱线图,作图步骤,在同一水平,
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