张梅岗教授讲座：翻译从BE动词开始

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Solomans Design,九逸作品,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,热烈欢迎长沙大学,张梅岗教授来我系讲学,翻译从Be动词开始,翻译从BE动词开始,1.专注语言形式的教学模式（传统教学模式）,2.语言“形式与意义”作为一个实体和“形式与功能”作为一个实体教学的教学模式,Back,I.翻译教学理论与模式,1.词、短语和句子具有固定不变的、精确界定的意义，而且它们之间有着明确的界线。,2.句子的意义来自句子各个成分的词项的意义，,3.注重语法形式的教学，不教授,句型本身的意义和功能。,例如：,1）The boy broke the vase.,小孩把花瓶打烂了。（主语+谓语+宾语=句子的意义。）,2）He is a fine figure of a young man.,他有个年轻好形象。,3）Those pigs of girls eat so much.,那些猪一般的姑娘吃那么多。,4）A word is a word.一个词是一个词。,5）Enough is enough.足够是足够。,2.翻译的事件教学模式,（从BE动词谈起）,1.词、短语、没有精确界定的意义。,2.英语基本句型SV,SVA,SVOC,SVOO，SVC,SVO,SVOA没有具体意义。,3.英语基本句型的次级句型事件类型句型是英语教学和翻译教学的基础。,4.词、短语只有在事件句型中才有具体的意义。,5.语篇是一条意义链连接事件概念的有机整体，事件之间的关系是因果关系。,看下图：,语言的 形式、意义、功能作为一个整体进行教学,He broke the glass.,His acceptance of bribe led to his arrest.,他的贿赂的接受导致他的被捕。,他因接受贿赂而被捕。,事件句型是英语学习的基本途径之一（基本句型没有具体意义，事件句型才有具体意义），以SVC为例,1.,叙事功能从句,（名词）,2.评述功能,名词从句,SVC,3.定义功能,4.分类功能,（副词/介词短语）,叙事/描述,（,形容词）5.描述功能,。,2.1 BE是联系动词,SVC基本被句型的参与者是：主语和补语，先从补语谈起。,BE，一个简单动词,但可以构成几类句型：,be是联系动词,SVC（C是名词）：叙事、评述、定义功能,SVC（C是形容词）：描述功能,BE是行为动词,SVC（C是介词/副词），叙事性语言：或发生或存在或经历等的事件。,I【S+BE+C（名词）】,1）叙事,（1）Our loss is their gain.,（2）Power rating is 85KVA.,（3）A great talker is a great liar.,2）评述（对事物评述）：,（1）She is a beauty.,（2）Stainless steel,is,a metal alloy.,（3）Football is his only interest in life.,（4）Love is a sweet torment.,评述（2）,对事件评述，表明“观点”、“态度”；句型是：,【It is+形容词/过去分词+that 从句】对事件评述：,（1）It was quite clear to me tha,t she was lying.,（2）It is not clear,what they want us to do.,（3）It is much to be regretted that,we could not have met earlier,.,评述功能（3）,对事件评述，强调“存在”、“有”概念，句型是：,【There be+主语+事件】对事件评述。,（1）There is not a shred of evidence,that the meeting actually took place.,（2）There is convincing evidence,to support this theory.,（3）There is more evidence that,it is worthy of some consideration.,3.A definition（定义）：,3.简单定义句：非正式定义，即对主语进行简单解释，用一个词解释另一个词。例如：,1）What is your definition of happiness?,2）An unrequited love means an affection that is given but not returned.,3）小刀是一种切削的工具。,4）“Bird”is a missile,target drone,earth satellite,or other inanimate object that flies.Bird（鸟）,4.句型隐喻,：,SVC隐喻句型，,be连接两个实体概念，表达因果逻辑,。例如：,（1）A wicked man is his own hell.多行不义必自毙（作恶多端，自掘坟墓。）,（2）Enough is enough.,（3）Bygones is bygones.,（4）Too much praise is a burden.,（5）Jack of all trades is,of,no trade.万事通晓，无一精通。,II【S+V+C（C是形容词）】,描述句，试译下面句子：,（1）Everything is ready.,（2）Life is unfair.,（3）She is arrogant,uncharitable,and cruel.,叙事功能句,SVC句型中的C是of,on,for,at,in,by等介词短语作补语，具有形容词性质。试译下文：,（1）Losers are always in the wrong.,（2）Our strength is in our unity of purpose.,（3）He is in the flower of his strength(age/life),（4）The car technology is still in development.,（5）,The love,is like ghosts，,（6）I was in my salad days then,and fell in love easily.,（7）,Love,is a kind of warfare.,隐喻句型,主语不是事物，而是一个基本句型表达的概,念，SVC表达因果关系的描述性事件。例如：,（1）,Her sorrow,is loud and long.,（2）,Comparisons,are odious.,（3）,A word to the wise,is sufficient.,（4）,The path to glory,is always rugged.,（5）,Her adaptable mind,was always open to new knowledge and tolerant of others,viewpoint.,2.2BE是行为动词,后接介词或副词时，be可分析为行为动词,用于下列事件。例如：,1.存在事件：,主语存在的地方；例如：,（1）The town is 3 miles away.,（2）That book is on the desk.,（3）Peter is upstairs.,2.行为事件,：,主语行为发生的时间或地点；例如：,（1）The party is on Saturday.,（2）The meetings are always in the main conference room.,（3）I will be at the meeting.,（4）He will be here soon.,3.经历事件：,描述主语的某种经历,（1）I have been to Spain.,（2）He had been abroad for several times.,（3）Clark has been in Beijing for three years.,这类句子要求用完成时，描述主语经历过的事情。,BE动词的“语言形式和意义”，“形式和功能”作为一个整体探讨英语的语义系统和功能系统。,SVC句的功能小结,叙事,描述,评述,定义,隐喻,指令功能,SVC句型的应用,1）,Unrequited love,is(means)the affection that is given but not returned.,2）,The love,is like ghosts,which everybody often talk about,but few have seen.,3）,爱情像月亮，不圆则缺。,4）他像一只骄傲的公鸡，以为太阳的升起是为了他的啼叫。He is like a cock he thought that the son had risen for him to crow.,3.1汉译英,（1）语义分析，认识句子的语义；,（2）功能分析，这最重要，一切语法都受功能制约和检验。,（3）“形式与功能匹配”原则，产生合格的译文。,1）马是动物。a.The horse is a animal.,b.Horses are animals.,2）马是有用的动物。,a.A Horce is a useful animal.,b.Horces are useful animal.,c.The horces are useful animals.,3）帝国和一切反动派都是纸老虎。,4）教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。,5）物价稳定，市场繁荣。,6）爱情像月亮，不盈则亏。,7）爱情像幽灵，人人都在谈论，却鲜为人知。,8）他像一只骄傲的公鸡，以为太阳是为他的啼叫而升起的。,3.2英译汉,I.句子的翻译,1）Good wine can make a meal.,2）Her sorrow was loud and long.,3）As with most great advances in the history of ideas,there was on one defining Internet event.,语篇的翻译技巧,1.认清主题（主题是什么？）基本句型表达的事件。,2.复杂句-长句,3.逻辑链,1）Yahoo was under attack,the first of several last week that would dramatically expose cyberspaces dirty secret,:though,the Internet is an amazing creation,that has boosted our economy,and,provided lots of cheeky Super Bowl ads,it is still a work in progress,that,can be knocked silly with surprising ease.,雅虎遭到攻击。本周前几天，它戏剧性地暴露了信息空间不可言传的秘密：互联网使经济获得快速发展，又能像超级杯橄榄球广告那样提供大量的商业广告的空间，因此它是一项惊人的创造性工程。但是，互联网极容易被颠覆，所以它仍然还是一项发展中的工程。,翻译过程的理解（阅读技巧）,抓住主题句,抓住复杂句的主句,抓住因果逻辑,请看下面的语篇,2）To meet the challenges of the future,it will be essential for us to recognize and to question the biases of o