高中英语语法：动词和动词短语课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,二级,三级,四级,五级,2020/9/10,#,英,英,语,语,堂,法,课,语,课,高,堂,中,动词和动词短语,英英语语堂法课语课高堂中动词和动词短语,1,动词和动词短语,动词,实义动词,连系动词,助动词,情态动词,短语动词,“动词,+,副词”型,“动词,+,介词”型,“动词,+,副词,+,介词”型,“动词,+,名词”型,“动词,+,名词,+,介词”型,“动词,+,形容词,+,介词”型,常见易混动词用法辨析,动词和动词短语基本框架,：,动词和动词短语动词实义动词连系动词助动词情态动词短语动词“动,2,动词和动词短语综述,动词,是用来,描述主语,的,动作,、,行为,或,状态,的词，在句中,作谓语,，是,句子中不可缺少的部分,。,动词和动词短语综述 动词是用来描述主语的动作、行,3,一、动词,1.,实义动词,实义动词,是表示,动作,或,状态,的动词，在句中,可以单独作谓语,，,有自己完整的、实在的意义,，所以称为实义动词。,实义动词,可分为,及物动词,和,不及物动词,。,（,1,）,及物动词,后可,直接带宾语,。,In China,，,he,developed,an interest in teaching English to Chinese students.,在中国，他对教中国学生学习英语产生了兴趣。（,developed,后接宾语）,He,handed,the teacher a slip of paper.,他交给老师一张纸条。（,handed,后接双宾语）,一、动词1.实义动词,4,一、动词,（,2,）,不及物动词后,不能直接带宾语,。,Will,looked,around carefully.,威尔仔细地环顾四周。,Some people believe the Devil,exists,.,有些人相信撒旦确实存在。,2.,连系动词,连系动词,是,连接主语,和,表语,的,动词,。它,不能独立存在,，,后面必须跟表语一起构成谓语,，表示,主语的身份,、,类别,、,特征,、,状态,等。,（,1,）表示,状态,的,连系动词,，常用的是,be,的各种形式,。,She,is,dirty and wearing a shabby dress.,她穿着破旧的衣服,，还脏兮兮的。,（,2,）,The,rose,is,the national flower of England.,玫瑰是英国的国花。,一、动词（2）不及物动词后不能直接带宾语。,5,一、动词,（,2,）,表示感官的连系动词,。这类动词主要有,feel,smell,sound,taste,等，它们,没有被动语态,。,This kind of cake,tastes,delicious.,这种蛋糕尝起来很美味。,That,sounds,great.,听起来妙极了。,（,3,）,表示变化的连系动词,。这类连系动词比较多，常见的有,become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run,等，主要,用来表示主语变化成什么情况,。,Even quiet,and serious scholars can,become,excited about it.,甚至沉默严肃的学者也能因其而激动。,The,maple leaves,turn,red in autumn.,枫叶,在秋天变红了。,一、动词（2）表示感官的连系动词。这类动词主要有feel,6,一、动词,高频考点：,表示“,变成什么样子的人,”常用,become,和,turn,，但是,turn,后作表语的名词前不用冠词,。,He wanted to,become a,writer,but he,turned,journalist.,他想成为一名作家，但却成了一个记者。,（,4,）表示,表象的连系动词,。这类词主要有,seem,，,appear,，,look,等。,She used to smile all the time but now she,looks,washed out and unhappy.,过去的她笑口常开,而现在的她看上去却缺乏活力，很不开心。,He,seemed,disappointed when he was refused.,被拒绝后他看起来很失望。,一、动词高频考点：,7,一、动词,（,5,）表示,终止的连系动词,。这类词主要有,prove,turn out,等。,I imagined it would,prove,an easy task.,我以为这会是一项容易的任务。,The medicine,turned out,highly effective.,该药疗效显著。,（,6,）表示,持续的连系动词,。这类词主要有,remain,keep,stay,等。,He always,keeps,silent at the meeting.,开会时他总是保持沉默。,3.,助动词,助动词不能独立作谓语,，必须,和动词原形或分词构成复合谓语,，表示,实义动词,的,时态,、,语态,、,语气,、,人称,和,数,等。,（,1,）,助动词,be,可以和,过去分词,构成,被动语态,，或,与现在分词构成各种进行时态,。,History,is made,by the people.,历史是人民创造的。,She,is doing,her homework,now.,她正在做家庭作业。,一、动词（5）表示终止的连系动词。这类词主要有prove,8,一、动词,（,2,）,助动词,do,主要用来,帮助实义动词构成否定,、,疑问,等形式，也可在,一般现在时,或,一般过去时,的句子中，置于,实义动词原形前,起,强调作用,。,Do,you like her talk show?,你喜欢她的脱口秀吗？（,do,构成一般疑问句,）,I,do,want to have a talk with you.,我的确想和你谈一谈。（,do,表示强调,）,（,3,）,助动词,have,主要和,过去分词,一起构成,各种完成时态,。,Since it began,in 1951,we,have given,awards to films from all around the globe.,从,1951,年创办开始，我们给来自全球各地的电影颁奖。（,现在完成时,）,How long,had,he,been,away when you arrived?,你到来时他已经走了多长时间了？（,过去完成时,）,一、动词（2）助动词do主要用来帮助实义动词构成否定、疑问等,9,一、动词,4.,情态动词,情态动词,本身,有一定的意义,，但,不能独立作谓语,，,没有人称和数的变化,，用来,表示说话人,对,某一状态,或,动作,的,态度,或,看法,。,If you,wont,keep quiet you,can,get out.,如果你不保持安静，那就只好请你出去了。,You,shouldnt,laugh at him when he in trouble.,当他处于困境时你不应该嘲笑他。,一、动词4.情态动词,10,二、短语动词,英语中一些,常用动词,可以和,某些介词,、,副词,或,其他词类构成意义不同,的,习惯搭配,，这些组合一般,只能作为一个整体使用,，因此被称为,短语动词,。常见的,短语动词,有以下几种类型：,1.,“,动词,+,副词,”型。,break out,爆发,come in,进来,come out,出来；（花）开,die off,一个个死去,die away,渐渐消失,drop off,中途放弃,fall behind,落后,find out,发现,get along,进展,get back,回来,二、短语动词英语中一些常用动词可以和某些介词、副词或其他词类,11,二、短语动词,1.,“,动词,+,副词,”型。,give up,放弃,go on,继续,grow up,长大,hold on,坚持；等一会儿,hurry up,赶快,look ahead,向前看,look out,留神,look over,检查,look up,向上看,pick out,挑出,put forward,提出,stay up,熬夜,start off,出发,run away,逃跑,wake up,醒来,watch out,当心,二、短语动词1.“动词+副词”型。give up放弃go o,12,二、短语动词,1.,“,动词,+,副词,”型。,The Second World War,broke out,in September 1939.,第二次世界大战爆发于,1939,年,9,月。,They had to,give up,the castle to the enemy.,他们只得把城堡拱手让给了敌人。,2.,“,动词,+,介词,”型。,add to,增加,account for,解释，说明,adjust to,调整,agree with,同意,ask for,请求,break into,破门而入,believe in,相信,care for,喜欢，关心,二、短语动词1.“动词+副词”型。add to增加accou,13,二、短语动词,2.,“,动词,+,介词,”型。,care about,在乎,care from,解释，说明,come across,调整,deal with,同意,feel like,请求,fall behind,破门而入,get into,相信,go about,喜欢，关心,laugh at,嘲笑,listen to,听,look after,照顾,look into,调查,look for,寻找,rely on,依靠,run into,撞到；偶然遇上,stand for,代表,二、短语动词2.“动词+介词”型。care about在乎c,14,二、短语动词,2.,“,动词,+,介词,”型。,stick to,坚持,wait for,等候,wait on,服侍,work at,从事于，致力于,We should,get into,the habit of keeping good hours.,我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。,No one like to be,laughed at,in public.,没有人喜欢在公共场合被嘲笑。,注意：在,构成被动语态,时，,整个短语动词一般不可拆开,。,二、短语动词2.“动词+介词”型。stick to坚持wai,15,二、短语动词,3.,“,动词,+,副词,+,介词,”型。,add up to,合计,break away from,脱离,be fed up with,厌倦,catch up with,赶上,come up with,提出,date back to,追溯到,get away from,逃离,get along with,进展,get down to,开始认真做,get through to,与,通话,go in for,从事,go on with,继续,hold on to,保持，抓住,keep away from,远离,keep on with,继续做,keep up with,与,保持同步,二、短语动词3.“动词+副词+介词”型。add up to合,16,二、短语动词,3.,“,动词,+,副词,+,介词,”型。,live up to,不辜负,look down upon/on,蔑视,look forward to,期盼,look out for,警惕,look up to,尊敬,make up for,弥补,put up with,容忍,run out of,用光,settle down to do sth,开始做某事,Children should,look up to,their parents.,孩子们应该尊敬父母。,Hard work can,make up for,a lack of intelligence.,勤能补拙