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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第二十章,透视图的实用画法,11/11/2024,1,透视图的实用画法,20.1,概述,透视图基本作法:,视线迹点法、视线法(灭点法)、量点法、全线相交法、距点法,透视图实用画法:,灭点在图板外的实用画法(缩小透视),一种新透视图的实用画法(量点法最实用),建筑细部的实用画法,小透视图放大(复印机),网格法,11/11/2024,2,20.4,建筑细部的实用画法,11/11/2024,3,20.4,建筑细部的实用画法,透视图中直线的定比分割,铅垂线的分割,水平线的分割,透视图中矩形的分割,透视图中矩形的中线,透视图中矩形的定比分割,矩形的延续:,铅垂矩形,1,、,2,、,水平矩形,作矩形的连续对称矩形,11/11/2024,4,直线的分割,将直线,AD,分段,使,AB:BC:CD=,m:n:k,过,A,作一辅助线,量取,AB,1,=m,,,B,1,C,1,=n,,,C,1,D,1,=k,连接,D,1,D,作,C,1,CB,1,BD,1,D,A,D,m,n,k,B,1,C,1,D,1,B,C,m,n,k,11/11/2024,5,画面平行线,的分段,线段的透视满足定比性,A,0,B,0,将铅垂线,AB,按,3:1,分成,2,段,K,0,将,CD,按,1:2:3,分成,3,段,C,0,D,0,E,0,3,1,1,3,2,F,0,一组线,11/11/2024,6,水平线,的分段,将,CD,按,2:2:3,分成,3,段,与画面相交的水平线,C,0,F,H,H,D,0,11/11/2024,7,水平线,的分段,将,CD,按,2:2:3,分成,3,段,C,0,F,M,H,H,D,1,G,1,E,1,作水平线,D,0,E,0,G,0,与画面相交的水平线,一组辅助线,11/11/2024,8,水平线上连续截取等长线段,A,0,B,0,F,H,H,11/11/2024,9,水平线上连续截取等长线段,A,0,B,0,C,0,F,M,H,H,D,0,E,0,B,1,C,1,D,1,E,1,11/11/2024,10,作台阶的透视,A,0,B,0,F,F1,H,H,1,、,AB,为画面平行线,2,、,AB,为画面相交线,A,B,1,2,P,P,a,b,P,P,a,b,A,0,B,0,b,0,11/11/2024,11,作台阶的透视,A,B,A,0,B,0,H,1,、,AB,为画面平行线,1,2,1,0,2,0,将,AB,三等分,得到,1,、,2,点,过,A,、,1,、,2,、,B,作水平线、铅垂线,整理图形得到台阶透视,H,P,P,a,b,11/11/2024,12,作台阶的透视,作法,1,:将高度线,Bb,1,分段,将,B,0,b,1,0,三等分,得到,5,0,,,6,0,过,5,0,,,6,0,作水平线,得,1,0,,,2,0,,,过,A,0,、,1,0,、,2,0,作铅垂线,,整理图形,A,B,2,1,b,1,5,6,A,0,B,0,F,F1,H,2,、,AB,为画面相交线,b,1,0,5,0,6,0,1,0,2,0,P,P,a,b,11/11/2024,13,作台阶的透视,A,B,作法,2,:将水平线,Ab,1,分段,过,A,0,作一水平线,量取,A,0,3=34=3b,1,连接,b,1,b,1,0,,与,H-H,交成,M,,,连接,M3,,,M4,得到,3,0,,,4,0,过,3,0,,,4,0,作垂线,得,1,0,,,2,0,,,过,1,0,,,2,0,作水平线,整理图形,b,1,3,4,2,1,A,0,B,0,F,F1,H,2,、,AB,为画面相交线,b,1,0,3,4,b,1,M,3,0,4,0,1,0,2,0,P,P,a,b,11/11/2024,14,A,0,B,0,C,0,D,0,矩形划分成双数等分或扩大,n,倍,将透视图中矩形一分为二,作出矩形的两条对角线,A,0,C,0,,,B,0,D,0,,得交点,K,0,过,K,0,作边线的平行线,将矩形一分为二,F,H,H,K,0,11/11/2024,15,透视图的各种分割法,利用对角线二等分,四等分(,8,、,16,、,32,等分),利用中线及对角线四等分,H,H,H,H,11/11/2024,16,透视图的各种分割法,利用对角线二等分,四等分(,8,、,16,、,32,等分),利用中线及对角线四等分,H,H,H,H,中点,11/11/2024,17,透视图的各种分割法,等分横向透视线,等分成竖条,利用对角线,n,等分,九等分,利用对角线,n+1,等分,铅垂线,N,等分,11/11/2024,18,矩形的延续,铅垂矩形,F,H,H,方法,1,11/11/2024,19,矩形的延续,铅垂矩形,F,h,h,方法,1,11/11/2024,20,矩形的延续,F,H,H,方法,2,11/11/2024,21,矩形的延续,F,h,h,F,1,方法,2,11/11/2024,22,水平矩形的倍增,作一系列等大的水平矩形,H,F,2,F,1,H,11/11/2024,23,水平矩形的倍增,h,F,2,F,1,F,3,作一系列等大的水平矩形,h,11/11/2024,24,水平矩形的倍增,作一系列等大的水平矩形,h,s,0,h,F,11/11/2024,25,将立方体透视扩大成如何倍数的长方体,F,2,F,1,H,H,11/11/2024,26,F,2,F,1,H,H,将立方体透视扩大成如何倍数的长方体,11/11/2024,27,将立方体透视扩大成如何倍数的长方体,F,1,F,2,H,H,11/11/2024,28,将铅垂矩形划分成各种不同比例的透视,利用对角线垂直分割,利用辅助灭点垂直分割,将矩形分成,3,竖条,宽度比为,3,:,2,:,2,H,11/11/2024,29,将铅垂矩形划分成各种不同比例的透视,3,2,2,h,h,3,2,2,3,2,2,M,利用对角线垂直分割,利用辅助灭点垂直分割,将矩形分成,3,竖条,宽度比为,3,:,2,:,2,教材,P337,,图,20-20,方法不好,11/11/2024,30,作矩形的对称矩形,作宽窄相间的连续矩形,11/11/2024,31,作矩形的对称矩形,作宽窄相间的连续矩形,11/11/2024,32,作矩形的对称矩形,作宽窄相间的连续矩形,M,11/11/2024,33,例:确定门窗的透视位置,高度方向,宽度方向,立面图,透视图,F,h,h,F,1,11/11/2024,34,已知房屋平立面图,主体的透视,完成建筑形体的透视。,a,b,c,b,a,11/11/2024,35,已知房屋平立面图,主体的透视,完成建筑形体的透视。,A,0,B,0,C,0,F,1,F,2,H,H,11/11/2024,36,已知房屋平立面图,主体的透视,完成建筑形体的透视。,A,0,B,0,C,0,F,1,F,2,H,H,b,a,11/11/2024,37,已知房屋平立面图,主体的透视,完成建筑形体的透视。,A,0,B,0,C,0,F,1,F,2,H,H,11/11/2024,38,已知房屋平立面图,主体的透视,完成建筑形体的透视。,A,0,B,0,C,0,F,1,F,2,H,H,正面墙的划分,b,a,11/11/2024,39,已知房屋平立面图,主体的透视,完成建筑形体的透视。,A,0,B,0,C,0,F,1,F,2,H,H,正面墙的划分,11/11/2024,40,已知房屋平立面图,主体的透视,完成建筑形体的透视。,A,0,B,0,C,0,F,1,F,2,H,H,正面墙的划分,11/11/2024,41,已知房屋平立面图,主体的透视,完成建筑形体的透视。,A,0,B,0,C,0,F,1,F,2,H,H,a,b,c,11/11/2024,42,已知房屋平立面图,主体的透视,完成建筑形体的透视。,A,0,B,0,C,0,F,1,F,2,H,H,11/11/2024,43,已知房屋平立面图,主体的透视,完成建筑形体的透视。,A,0,B,0,C,0,F,1,F,2,H,H,屋顶的作法,11/11/2024,44,已知房屋平立面图,主体的透视,完成建筑形体的透视。,A,0,B,0,C,0,F,1,F,2,H,H,侧面墙的作法,11/11/2024,45,已知房屋平立面图,主体的透视,完成建筑形体的透视。,A,0,B,0,C,0,F,1,F,2,H,H,门窗的作法,11/11/2024,46,已知房屋平立面图,主体的透视,完成建筑形体的透视。,A,0,B,0,C,0,F,1,F,2,H,H,侧面墙的作法,11/11/2024,47,作业,P121,重点:,画面平行线的分段,水平线的分段,矩形的划分,对角线、形心,11/11/2024,48,
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