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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,冠词,the article,a/an,the,I.冠词的定义,冠词是一种虚词,没有词义,没有数和格的变化,不能单独使用,只能帮助名词或起名词作用的其它词类说明其意义.,II.冠词的种类,冠词分为定冠词和不定冠词两大类.定冠词特指一特定名词,不定冠词泛指一般普通名词.,III.不定冠词的用法,不定冠词有a和an两种形式.a用在以辅音开头的名词前,一般读作,;an 用在以元音开头的名词前,一般读作n.,1.首次提到某人或某物,常起介绍作用.,He is,a,doctor.,He is studying in,a,university.,2.在单数普通名词前,指一类人或事物,通常不必译出.,An,ear is an organ for listening.,A,fox is a cunning animal.=Foxes are cunning animals.=,The,fox is a cunning animal.,3.说明某一事物,相当于the same,表示”相同”的意思.,They are nearly of,an,age.,The two shirts are of,a,size.,Birds of,a,feather flock together.,4.在表示时间或度量单位的名词前,具有”每一”的意思.,The train is running at 60 km,an,hour.,He earns two thousand yuan,a,month.,5.其他用法,1).物质名词或抽象名词前用a/an表示具体意义制成品或种类.,The little girl is eating,an,ice-cream at the table.,Its,an,honor to me to be given such,a,good chance to make a further study at university.,Honesty is,a,virtue.,2)人名前用a/an 表示说话人对此人不认识,相当于”a certain”.,Our music teacher is,a,Miss White.,A,Mr Chen came to see you this morning.,也可指与某名人有类似性质的人或事物.,He wishes to become,a,Newton.,He is,a,Lei Feng in our class.,3).专有名词中的地名前用a/an 指某时期或某个样子的某地.,She is now,a,different China from what she was twenty years ago.,4).a/an 用于某些固定词组中,once upon a time /an hour or two,have a walk /many a time,turn a deaf ear to,IV.定冠词的用法,1,.使用定冠词的场合,1).在单数普通名词前表示一类人或事物,the 不必译出.,The horse is a useful animal.=A horse is a useful animal.=Horses are useful animals.,2).在重新提及的人或事物的名词前,He bought a book yesterday.The book is on the desk.,I received a letter a few days ago.The letter was from England.,3).在谈话双方都知道的特定的人或事物的名词前.,Pass me the book,please.,Would you mind my opening the window?,4).在有限制性定语修饰的名词前,This is the place where I once lived.,The plane to Shanghai has taken off.,5).在序数词前,The first boy is his younger brother.,I am the last to come.,6).在表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前,the world/the sun/the moon/the sky/the earth,7).在方向名词前,on the right/left,in the east/west/south/north,8).在形容词和副词的最高级前,Winter is the coldest season of the year.,Who sings(the)best in your class?,副词的最高级经常省略the,9).在某些形容词(或分词)前表示一类人或事物,The young/the grown-up/the blind/the wounded/the oppressed,10).在姓氏复数形式前表示一家人(夫妇二人).,The Greens are at table.,The Chens will move to Naijing.,11).在逢十的复数数词前表示某个年代,When he went to America in the seventies,he was already in his forties.,In the 1870s,Marx began to learn Russian.,12).在乐器(西洋乐器)的名称前,The girl is playing the piano.,He often plays the violin in the evening.,13).在表示单位的名词前,I have hired the car by the hour.,Eggs are sold by the dozen.,14).在由普通名词或形容词构成的专有名词前,the Great Wall/the United States/The Summer Palace,15).在由”普通名词+专有名词”构成的专有名词前,the Peoples Republic of China/the New York Times/the Readers Digest,16).表示全体国民的专有名词前,the Chinese/the French,17).江河湖海运河海湾海峡山脉群岛森林平原盆地沙漠等专有名词前,the yellow river/the Pacific Ocean/the West Lake/the Suez Canal/the Gulf of Mexico/the English Channel/the Himalayas/the North China Plain/the Sahara Desert,注:Mount Fuji /Lake Baikal 无冠词,18)在发明物前,Who invented the telephone?,It was Edison that invented the lamp.,19)固定词组中,in the form of/in the end/,20),用在职业的名词所有格之前,表示地点,at the doctors/tailors/butchers,at my uncles/Mr Greens,21)用在单数时间名词、计量单位前,构成,by the+n.表示“按计算”,He is paid by the hour/by the day.,Apples are sold by the kilo.,22)用在表示身体部位的名词前：,She caught me by the arm.,He hit her _ the face/eye/stomach.,She struck him _ the back/shoulder,23)用在中国传统节日前,the Spring Festival the Mid-Autumn Day,the Dragon Boat Festival,2.不常用冠词的场合,1).表示人名地名国名节日月份星期季节等专有名词前,Marx/Guangxi/Europe/China/National Day/March/Sunday/spring,2).复数可数名词和不可数名词表示泛指,They are teachers,not students.,People in the south like rice.,3).表示职位身份头衔的名词前,Aunt Mary/Professor Zhang/President Lincoln,4.物质名词或抽象名词前,Failure is the mother of success.,Desks and chairs are usually made of wood.,5.表示学科疾病球类游戏颜色和感官名称的名词前,Economics is different from politics.,Granny died of cancer two years ago.,He likes football.,Do you play chess(bridge,cards)?,Smell is one of the five senses.,*有些表示疾病的名词需要加冠词a/an,Have a fever/cold/headache,6.表示餐名的名词前(breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner),Dinner is ready./she is at lunch./What do we have for supper?,*如果具体指某顿饭时要用the,表示类别时要用a/an,The breakfast I ordered still hasnt arrived.,That was a very nice(good,hearty)supper.,7.称呼语或含感叹意义的名词前,Good morning,boys and girls.,Where is Dad,Mum?,Poor fellow!He broke his leg.,8.与by连用的表示交通工具的名词前,By bike/bus/train/tube/coach/land/sea,*如果表示交通工具的名词前有定语,不用by,He came here on his old bike.,9).名词前有名词所有格形容词性物主代词指示代词疑问词以及some,little,both,each,either,few,a few,a little,any,no,another,every,much,many等形容词作定语时,Johns mother is a teacher.,Whose purse is this?,These books/our research group,Some interesting stories.,10).以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时,Day and night/pen and ink/husband and wife,Father and son/sun and moon/master and servant,*用某些介词连接相同或相对的名词时,Face to face/hand in hand/side by side/step by step/from top to bottom/from morning to night/from beginning to end,V.冠词的辩析和差异,1.用冠词与不用冠词的差异,1).at table,at the table,2).in hospital,in the hospital,3).by sea,by the sea,进餐,在桌子旁,住院,在医院里,乘船(由海路),在海边,4).go to sea,go to the sea
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