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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,精讲重点,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,-,*,-,The Present Perfect Tense,现在完成时,The Present Perfect Tense现在完成时,-,2,-,现在完成时的构成（,have/has done,）和用法,现在完成时跨在两个时间之上,一个是过去,一个是现在。它的动作发生在过去,但对现在产生影响或结果。,与现在完成时连用的时间状语,already,yet,ever,never,for,since,these days,twice,three times,so far,in the past/last.years,等。,考点 现在完成时的构成和用法,句式结构：,肯定句式,:,主语,+,助动词,have(has),+,过去分词,否定句式,:,主语,+,助动词,have(has)+not,+,过去分词,一般疑问句式,:,助动词,Have(Has),+,主语,+,过去分词,一般疑问句式的回答：（肯定）,Yes,，主语,+,have/has.,(,否定,)No,，主语,+,havent/hasnt.,.,-2-考点 现在完成时的构成和用法句式结构：,规则动词的过去分词的变化规律,1 一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed，如：,work-work,ed,play-play,ed,want-want,ed,act-act,ed,2、以不发音的-e结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：,live-live,d,move-move,d,taste-taste,d,hope-hope,d,3、以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i再加-ed，如：,study-stud,ied,copy-cop,ied,cry-cr,ied,carry-carr,ied,4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：,stop-stop,ped,规则动词的过去分词的变化规律,动词过去分词记忆口诀：,一加,ed,，二加,d,三要双写，四注意：,y,变成,ied.,1.work-work,ed,open-open,ed,answer-answer,ed,2.hope-hop,ed,3.drop-drop,ped,stop-stop,ped,4.study-stud,ied,动词过去分词记忆口诀：,过去分词的构成,travelled,moved,stayed,owned,learned,visited,stopped,finished,shopped,repaired,A,规则动词的过去分词,Task 1,过去分词的构成travelledmovedstayedown,B,不规则动词的过去分词,thought,caught,given,made,written,put,cost,grown,hurt,run,B 不规则动词的过去分词thoughtcaughtgiven,Eg.,（,改为否定句和一般疑问句并做肯否回答,),I,have seen him,since his wedding day.,I,havent,seen him since his wedding day.,Have you seen,him since his wedding day?,Yes,I,have,./No,I,havent,.,Task 2,Eg.（改为否定句和一般疑问句并做肯否回答)I have,He has written to me since I have been ill.(,改为,否定句和一般疑问句并做肯否回答,),Has he written,to you since you have been ill?,Yes,he,has,./No,he,hasnt,.,H,e,hasnt,written to me since I have been ill.,He has written to me since I h,-,9,-,现在完成时的用法,(1),表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。,它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系,.,常用的时间状语有,already,yet,ever,never,just,before,等,.,Zhang Fang has,just,turned off the light.,张芳刚刚把灯关上。,(,说明灯现在关上了,),I have,already,cleaned the room.,我已经打扫了房间。,(,说明现在房间已经干净了,),I havent had breakfast,yet,.,我还没有吃早饭。（说明我可能现在要去吃个早饭或者我很饿）,考点 现在完成时的用法,-9-现在完成时的用法考点 现在完成时的用法,现在完成时的用法,(2),表示过去发生的动作或状态延续到现在,并且有可能继续下去,往往与,for,或,since,引导,表示一段时间的状语连用。,My father has worked in this factory,for many years.,我父亲在这家工厂工作很多年了。,I have been here,since 2000.,我从,2000,年开始就在这里了。,(3),表示从过去到现在所经历的事情。,I,ve been to the Great Wall,many times.,我去过长城好多次了。,现在完成时的用法,1.already,肯定句,:,句中,(,助后实前,)/,句末“,已,经,”,一般疑问句,:,句末,(,表示惊讶的语气,)“,难道,”,Eg.Ive,already,had breakfast.(,更常见,),=Ive had breakfast,already,.(,表示强调,),Have you had breakfast,already,?,你难道已经吃过早饭了吗？,考点 现在完成时中标志词的用法区别,1.already一般疑问句:句末(表示惊讶的语气)“难,2.yet,否定句,:,句末“,还,(,没,),”,一般疑问句,:,句末,“,已,经,”,Eg.I havent had breakfast,yet,.,我还没吃早饭。,Have you had breakfast,yet,?,你已经吃过早饭了吗？,2.yet否定句:句末“还(没)”一般疑问句:句末“,Eg.I have,already,done my homework.,否定句,:,一般疑问句,:,I havent done my homework,yet,.,Have you done your homework,yet,?,带,already,的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将,already,要变成,yet,放在句末,.,already&yet,用,already,或,yet,填空,1)Have they taken down the old pictures _?No,they havent _,.,2)Most of us have finished our compositions _,_,.,3)He said he hadnt visited the exhibition _.,yet,yet,already,yet,Eg.I have already done my hom,3.ever,肯定句,/,疑问句,:,句中,“,曾经,”,Eg.Ive,ever,been to Beijing.,Have you,ever,been to Beijing?,4.neve,r,否定句,:,句中“,从来没有,”,Eg.Ive,never,been to Beijing.,肯定句/疑问句:句中“曾经”Eg.Ive ev,带,ever,的肯定句变否定句时,要将,ever,变成,never;,带,ever,的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“,No,never.”,Eg.He has,ever,made dumplings.,否定句,:,Have they ever travelled by train?,No,never.,He has,never,made dumplings.,never&ever,用,ever,或,never,填空,-Have you_ ridden a horse?,-No,，,_.,never,ever,带ever的肯定句变否定句时,要将ever变成never;,5.just,用于,句中,表示“,刚刚,”,Eg.Ive,just,had breakfast.,What have they,just,done?,6.before,用于,句末,表示“,以前,”,Eg.Ive seen it,before,.,Has she ridden a bike,before,?,5.just用于句中,表示“刚刚”6.before用于,7.for,Eg.I have been here,for,5 weeks.,Hes studied English,for,3 years.,在句中与,一段时间,连用,8.sinc,e,+,从句,(,一般过去时,),词组（一段时间,+ago,）,(,表示过去某一时间的,),时间点,Eg.I have been here,since 2000.,I have been here,since 5 years ago,.,I have been here,since I graduated in 2000,.,=for+,一段时间,for 5 years,7.for Eg.I have been here for,对,for,或,since,引导的时间状语提问 必须用,how long,决不能用,when.,Eg.I have lived here,for 10 years,.,How long,have you lived here?,She has stood here,since 2 hour ago,.,How long,has she stood here?,since&for,用,since,或,for,填空,1)We have learned five lessons _,_,_ the beginning of this term.,2)Mrs.Liao has been in hospital _,_,_last week.,3)I have stayed at my aunts _,_,_two weeks.,since,since,for,对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how lon,短暂性动词不能和,for,或,since,引导的时间状语连用,当然也不能用于,how long,引导的问句中,.,Eg.(,误,)I have,left,there for 5 years.,(,正,)I have,been away,there for 5 years.,短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用,当然,短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换,be,be over,be back,be open/be closed,be on,be over,be dead,have a cold,be interested in,be married,be away(from),短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换bebe overbe bac,wear/be on,be up,be,awake,be asleep,be in=be a member of,be in/at,wear/be onbe upbe awakebe asl,判断：他到达车站半个小时了,He has arrived at the station for half an hour(),He has been at the station for half an hour.,He arrived at the st
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