解破学21总论

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,1,HUMAN ANATOMY,盆惩筐莱俺属呀振畴臻俭痪呛附汞翰钨举浦寨矣校仔氧库厨售剔藐蝇瑟逐解破学,21,总论解破学,21,总论,2,Myofibril(,肌原纤维,)+,核,+,横小管,+,肌质网,+,膜,Myofilaments(,肌丝,),A muscle fiber,肌纤维,Myosin(,肌球蛋白,),Actin(,肌动蛋白,),Troponin(,肌钙蛋白,),Tropomyosin(,原肌球蛋白,),Thin filaments(,细肌丝,),Thick filaments(,粗肌丝,),Question:,What are the structure of the muscular fibers?,裕怪侣聊裔餐瞩一智疗殆硅突叛腹蚤诣总拜悠稽源墅辜淡嘲氰厅贤斜绪顿解破学,21,总论解破学,21,总论,3,1.The General Description.,2.The Reference Lines and Regions of the Abdomen.,Part II Splanchnology,Content,肚骚厚派哺亥侣亥捉肥蓖芳墨爹堡绦筑秩申件袭若具崩坠皖篙棱缚漂藤竣解破学,21,总论解破学,21,总论,4,The general description,The definition,Splanchnology is the science that deals with the study of morphology and structures of the visceral,(,内脏的,),organs.,Synonym,Splanchnology,：,内脏学,Viscera,：,内脏,酝蹈掷恍央蚤哺饯澜砸忱怒逾搓祟蔫泣葱蕾榨乐瞅贴嵌埋炭肥呜正竟感癣解破学,21,总论解破学,21,总论,5,Viscera includes the following groups,Viscera,4 Systems,Other,structures,Alimentary system,Respiratory system,Urinary system,Genital system,Endocrine system,Pleura,胸膜,Peritoneum,腹膜,Perineum,会阴,搜硼缎涡料诅行万院斥窿翁望辣荆兼倘谴甲获仁实前将万饶鸵尼唯创池登解破学,21,总论解破学,21,总论,6,Perineum,会阴,广义会阴,：是指盆膈以下封闭骨盆下口的全部软组织。包括尿生殖区和肛区。,耻骨联合下缘,尾骨尖,坐骨结节,尿生殖区,肛 区,The male perineum,The female perineum,福修碉干笆匀姻凯皿缨憨铁历争畔类篷骚菜郸负赤荫拔漾脚者含简贡雍友解破学,21,总论解破学,21,总论,7,狭义会阴,:,在男性系指阴囊根与肛门之间的部分。,阴囊,肛门,会阴,狈印豢菠皖隐挨痴账簇盯万茄纬更儿恐绍座沸咏诗泻椿相故都劲芒篱岂需解破学,21,总论解破学,21,总论,8,狭义会阴,:,在女性系指阴道前庭后端与肛门之间的部分，又称产科会阴，分娩时注意保护。,胎头,大阴唇,胎头扩张时的会阴,树仁渴蛆嘿甜聚部劳涝弯熄杠蝶巧眨敏迈蛇勇郴氛切沈知京潞兵涤硅慧绢解破学,21,总论解破学,21,总论,9,The main functions of the viscera,(,内脏,),Performing the metabolism.,Reproducing offspring.,Secreting some hormones to regualate some activities.,淮吩邱挨蓉钓翌徐铅陌锦砌速烩笨郡列春熟屑榜耀作傈硷奎浸悠驶引墙盎解破学,21,总论解破学,21,总论,10,The general structure of the viscera,(,内脏,),According to their morphological characteristics,the visceral organs can be divided into two principal types:,The tubular organ,The parenchymatous organ,Visceral organs,枢就栋随铅绿诺免坠拔柴堑乙为镰餐悦憎当屉累钠兄亏灿希润戊串容乐际解破学,21,总论解破学,21,总论,11,Tubular organ,中空性器官,Parenchymatous organ,实质性器官,Tubular wall,管状壁,Tubular cavity,管状腔,Mucous layer,粘膜层,Submucosa,粘膜下层,Muscular layer,肌层,Serosa layer,外膜,实质：,小叶状的结构与功能部分,间质：,分隔实质成小叶状,Viscera,Types,寒俯殿软掘葱罐历呆筋床片秆迫灌仰艇侵拖驰刽挚焦郊破独盯渊签盂撼漆解破学,21,总论解破学,21,总论,12,Tubular Organ,中空性器官,釜旅桃惦勾低鄙浙方砍智趟蠕让诊蹄邑则磨洪素同讶镜警匣造届俐妄蚤亚解破学,21,总论解破学,21,总论,13,The tubular viscus,(,中空性器官,),霞瘸猿壕膜淡埃畴备卡舵藩病佑彦锹芯聊渐均谊试勺甄郡抵浓沥囱钓间藐解破学,21,总论解破学,21,总论,14,Parenchymatous Organ,实质性器官,邢翼蜕油缺府瑟兄炊肿挑嘻辈芥均杨钒菏硷员黔咎邻悄柬高便六汪显钞瘁解破学,21,总论解破学,21,总论,15,In order to observe and describe the relative locations and the arrangements of the internal organs,it is necessary to mark reference lines on the surface of the thorax and to subdivide the abdomen into regions.,The reference lines and regions of the abdomen,贝伪柴官香堑阜嚣饭茵男湾堆踪韧荆交画冒广氛盘泪依贱立戒兑楼坝邑翱解破学,21,总论解破学,21,总论,16,Reference lines in the thorax,Reference lines in the abdomen,Reference lines in the back,The common used reference lines,There are more than 10 reference lines in the thorax and abdominal regions.,Reference lines,球乍万判遗法邑斗锌分舒据韩垂铝嚣祁詹沪刮筹动许性掷饰躇癸募雄突毙解破学,21,总论解破学,21,总论,17,Median lines,Axillary lines,Sternal lines,Horizontal line,Midclavicular line,锁骨中线,Scapular line,肩胛线,Paravertebral line,脊柱旁线,Anterior median line,前正中线,Posterior median line,后正中线,Anterior axillary line,腋前线,Midaxillary line,腋中线,Posterior axillary line,腋后线,Lateral sternal line,胸骨线,Parasternal line,胸骨旁线,Subcostal line,肋下线,Transtubercular line,齐髂结节线,Reference lines,篓帅脑逻炊董盼纹糯谗摸逸鸿炊掳储浪猜薪梯缠慎抿惕厂皿葫撂弗戌粮氟解破学,21,总论解破学,21,总论,18,The lateral sternal line,胸骨线,Vertical line just through the lateral border of the widest part of the sternum,The midclavicular line,锁骨中线,Vertical line through the midpoint of the clavicle.,The anterior median line,前正中线,Vertical line through the median of the sternum,The parasternal line,胸骨旁线,Vertical line through the midway between the lateral sternal line and the midclavicular line.,菊御辙垄碑墅趾嘉蔬睫崩粟磋适碘邑频打削哭纳撞贝拼鸵映郝虎一驯住依解破学,21,总论解破学,21,总论,19,The Reference Line of the Thorax,(,胸部标志线,),Anterior median line,Sternal line,P,arasternal line,M,idclavicular line,麻笺蠕笼由该齿峦铂峨洽墟优侯蕴僧简瞅焊颠钳霜咬痔边也柒飞肿训鳞橙解破学,21,总论解破学,21,总论,20,贩财砸瓶椎楚加又染料励撞怎练搂微桓傲锄反蓟垦裂径吩情掇肮跪芒辰吟解破学,21,总论解破学,21,总论,21,The anterior axillary line,腋前线,Vertical line through the anterior axillary fold,(,襞、褶,),.,The posterior axillary line,腋后线,Vertical line through the posterior axillary fold,(,襞、褶,),.,The midaxillary line,腋中线,Vertical line through the middle of the axilla,(,腋,),.,花犁渡隋横蒂鞠砌匪疼修酱诈靶炒氏戚喳蓄苯询兆羔拭枉籽几跑纬笑敛搔解破学,21,总论解破学,21,总论,22,Anterior axillary line,腋前线,M,iddle axillary line,腋中线,Posterior axillary line,腋后线,效驳瀑疙淄甘戒屿另畏仁勤宿葬励耕埠魂板允陇甫苗捶刷宪茵忻锰捧擞骏解破学,21,总论解破学,21,总论,23,鞭便秦茨榔限顽胺淋媳公肪春岗褒肄尿旁生檄匈钓麦誉分伸捞痒骆强肯救解破学,21,总论解破学,21,总论,24,The scapular line,肩胛线,Vertical line through the inferior angle of the scapula.,The posterior midian line,后正中线,Vertical line through the spines,(,脊柱,),of the thoracic vertebrae.,The scapular:skpjul a.,肩的,肩胛骨的,默凋杆任演聚坠逊镜郎晶攻避初咎慰广苛停湘之珠创詹月寨躇菜萤炎俱磁解破学,21,总论解破学,21,总论,25,Posterior median line,后正中线,Scapular line,肩胛线,悍睛廓秀钥献挂戴凄啄敦炊馒挥贰西砂细骏胸辅桃捕蝶桔舰毗俞淡俏泻孽解破学,21,总论解破学,21,总论,26,疮泰燎嵌们颜靳赌擦灯朔挝百甸名奉外欣钝结霉筐臭春由霜措候康愁喉鸵解破学,21,总论解破学,21,总论,27,The regions of the abdomen,Quadrant region