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,专 题 探 究,感 悟 高 考,第,3,课时说明文、议论文类完形填空,怎么考,说明类完形填空常用言简意赅的文字，按照一定的方法介绍说明做某事的步骤、过程、方法等。而议论文类完形填空通常围绕某一论点，通过推理、归纳、对比和分析等手法加以说明。对两类文体的设题仍然以实词为主，考查学生的语言综合运用能力。,怎么学,在平时的阅读训练中，对于说明文，要注意文中涉及到的定义、举例说明等具体信息。对于议论文要注意掌握全文主旨，抓住每段的首句、尾句、主题句，理清文章的论点、论据和结论。,怎么解,针对两种文体的特点，最常用、有效的方法有：寻找信息法；逻辑关系法；围绕主旨，上下求证法。,1,.,寻找信息法,完形填空寻找信息通常通过上下文的语境来进行。这样，上下文通常会有和解题相关的信息，这些信息可以帮助学生解题，从而选出正确答案。,【典例剖析】,1.,(2016,浙江卷,),The heat was_,23,_almost 125 F even in the shade of a cactus(,仙人掌,).,23.A.inflexible B.incomprehensible,C.uncomfortable D.unbearable,答案,D,根据,.almost 125 F even in the shade of a cactus(,仙人掌,),可知，沙漠环境让人难以承受。故选,D,。,2.,(2015,安徽卷,),All around the world,，,we can see the_,50,_of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.,50.A.advantages B.purposes,C.functions D.consequences,答案,D,从下文的,“,Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.,”,可知，在全世界我们都可以看到这种一次性的生活方式所带来的后果,(consequences),。,advantage,好处；,purpose,目的；,function,功能。,3.,(2015,福建卷,),Several years ago I _,37,_ a letter from seventeen,-,year,-,old Kerry,，,who described herself as a world,-,class fault,-,finder,，,almost always,38(bothered),by things.,37.A.received B.answered,C.expected D.rejected,答案,A,几年前，我收到了一封来自十七岁的,Kerry,的信。收到来信用,receive,。,answer a letter,回信；,expect,期待，预料；,reject,拒绝。,2,.,逻辑关系法,作者在对事物的步骤、过程等进行说明时，为了表达的需要，通常会运用并列、转折、递进等写作手法，这些信息是解题的重要依据。,【典例剖析】,1.,(2015,安徽卷,),_,40,_modern manufacturing(,制造业,)and technology,，,companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.,40.A.Thanks to B.As to,C.Except for D.Regardless of,答案,A,“,modern manufacturing(,制造业,)and technology,”,是,“,companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively,”,的原因，因此用,thanks to,“,多亏，由于,”,。,as to,至于；,except for,除了；,regardless of,不管，不考虑。,2.,(2015,北京卷,),Dario and his mother loved their new apartment.The living room was large enough for their piano.That night,the two of them,36(sat),side by side at the piano.They played jazz music to celebrate their new home.The loud,37(music),filled the room and made them feel very happy.,The next morning,_,38,_,their happiness disappeared.Someone had left a,39(note),under their door during the night.One of their neighbors had written to complain(,抱怨,)about the sound of the piano.Darios mother asked the building superintendent(,管理员,)if he knew anything about it.But he said that they were all,40(nice),people and he couldnt imagine any of them had done that.Later that morning,Dario suggested that they write a letter to their,41(neighbors),and apologize for their playing.,38.A.therefore B.however,C.otherwise D.instead,答案,B,根据上文中的,“,made them feel very happy,”,以及空后的,“,their happiness disappeared,”,可知，此处应为转折关系，故用,however,。,3,.,围绕主旨，上下求证法,善于从上下文中利用正向推断法，逆向推断法和正向逆向联合推断法解题。,【典例剖析】,(2014,全国卷,),As a general rule,，,all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(,常规,)basis.As a matter of fact,，,we can see this _,41,_ at work in people of all _,42,_.For example,，,on Christmas morning,，,children are excited about _,43,_ with their new toys.,41.A.principle B.habit C.way D.power,答案,A,第一句,as a general rule,点明主旨：通常情况下，当所有的活动以常规形式进行的时候就会变得无聊。下文的多处选项均可围绕这一主旨选择答案，故选,A,项，表示作者提出的是一般性的规律。,42.A.parties B.races C.countries D.ages,答案,D,根据下文各个年龄段的人群，选,D,项，也是围绕这一主旨论点的。,43.A.working B.living C.playing D.going,答案,C,选,C,项，孩子们玩新玩具。,策略三完形填空解题四防范,失分防范,1,忽略上下语境关系,不少考生做完形填空时不顾对全文的整体理解，不考虑作者的主旨、思想态度等，甚至不顾上下文的连贯逻辑，看一题做一题，顾此失彼，造成较多的失误分。,【典例剖析】,.I _,44,_ the bus and stood on the pavement not knowing what to do.I looked into the eyes of a,45(stranger),，,who was trying to get past me.,46(Surprisingly),，,instead of moving on,，,she stopped to ask if I was,47(OK),.After I explained my _,48,_ to her,，,she pointed to a bus stop across the street,，,where a bus would take me back into the city to my,49(appointment),.Sitting there waiting,，,I felt _,50,_ that someone had been willing to help.Then,，,hearing a horn(,喇叭,)nearby,，,I looked up to see a car with my new friend,51(waving),at me to get in.,44.A.looked at B.waited for,C.got off D.ran into,答案,C,根据上文可知，,“,我,”,下了公交车，站在人行道上不知所措。根据语境可知,C,项正确。有不少考生不顾上文语境而误选,B,项,“,等公交车,”,，导致错误。,48.A.idea B.motivation,C.excuse D.situation,答案,D,根据上下文语境，当,“,我,”,向她解释了,“,我,”,的处境之后,，,situation,处境，境况，故选,D,。此选项如果忽略上下语境则容易误选其它选项。,50.A.afraid B.grateful,C.certain D.disappointed,答案,B,根据上下文，有人愿意主动帮,“,我,”,，,“,我,”,非常感激,(grateful),。根据语境及常识可知,B,项正确。如果忽略下文语境,“,我,”,的思想，则容易误选,D,项。,失分防范,2,忽略搭配与词义的推敲,【典例剖析】,.Twenty years later,，,the,43(woman),could guess what the professor had in mind.He _,44,_ himself,，,perhaps,，,as inviting his students to start an exciting _,45,_ into an unknown world invisible(,无形的,)to the,46(eye),，,which can be discovered only through scientific,47(methods),.,44.A.described B.respected,C.saw D.served,答案,C,句意：他可能把自己看成是在邀请学生去探索未知世界。,see.as.,把,看成，所以应选,C,项。,describe.as.,“,把,描述为,”,；,respect.as.,“,把,尊为,”,；,serve as,“,充当,”,；虽然搭配都对，但如果忽略上下文语境意义，则容易导致误选。,45.A.voyage B.movement,C.change D.rush,答案,A,根据句意,“,邀请学生开始令人激动地对未知世界的探索之旅,”,。所以应填,voyage,“,航行,”,。,B,项侧重于,“,短暂的行为活动,”,，而作者意为,“,伟大的历程,”,，而,C,项,“,改变,”,，,D,项,“,匆忙，急促,”,更与文章主旨无关。,失
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