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,小脑发育不良性节细胞瘤-PET-CT显像一例课件,1,患者:,男性,,39,岁,主诉:,反复头痛头晕,3,年,加重,1,周,简要病史,:,患者缘于,三,年,前,无,明显,诱,因,出现头痛,头,晕,,,头,痛为,双,颞,侧,胀痛,,,无放,射,痛,;,头,晕时,伴,天旋,地,转,,,休息,2,至,3,分钟,可,缓解,,,无意 识模,糊,,无,恶,心呕,吐,,无,抽,搐,,无,视物,模,糊,,病,发时,患,者自,行,购买止 痛片,服,用,(,具体不,详,),自,诉,服药,后,缓解,。,一周,前,上述,症,状加,重,,伴肢 体乏,力,,精,神,困乏,。,外,院CT,检查,示,:左,小,脑占,位,性病变,既往史:,既往体健,无特殊,实验,室,检查无,特,殊,病史资料,患者:男性,39岁病史资料,2,MR,影像学检查,MR,平扫,MR影像学检查MR,3,MR,影像学检查,MR,平扫,MR影像学检查 MR平扫,4,MR,增强,MR,影像学检查,MRMR影像学检查,5,MR,诊断提示,:,1,、,左,侧,小,脑,半,球,占,位,,,考,虑,小脑,发,育,不良,性,神经节细胞瘤可能,2,、,第,四,脑,室,受,压,明,显变,窄,,,幕上,脑,室,扩,大,3,、,左,侧,放,射,冠,多,发,腔隙,性,脑,梗,塞,MR,影像学检查,MR诊断提示:MR影像学检查,6,左侧小脑,半,球,内见糖代谢不均匀,异 常增高的,混,杂,密度肿块 ,,SUVmax,约,14.4,,,最大,层面大小,约,4.5,3.0cm,,,上下范,围,约,4.0cm,18F-FDG,PET/CT,显像,左侧小脑半球内见糖代谢不均匀异 常增高的混杂密度肿块 ,SU,7,18F-FDG,PET/CT,显像,延时,1,小时,后,显像,,,病,灶,糖代,谢较前,稍增高,,SUVmax,约,15.1,18F-FDG PET/CT显像延时1小时后显像,病灶糖代,8,18F-FDG,PET/CT,显像诊断意见,1.,左侧,小脑半,球,糖,代,谢,不,均匀,异,常,增,高的,较,大,混,杂,密,度,肿,块,,,结合病,史,及,MR,表现,,,多,考,虑良,性,病,变,(,小,脑,发 育,不,良,性神经,节,细,胞,瘤?),,未,排,局,部恶,变,,,病,灶,向,下达,枕骨,大孔,,脑,干,稍,受,压,,与,小,脑,蚓,部分,界,不,清,,,相,应,第,四,脑,室明显,受,压,变,窄,,,伴梗,阻,性,脑,积水,(,双,侧,侧,脑,室,、第三,脑,室,扩,张,积,液,),手术记录,:,见,肿,瘤位,于,左,侧,小脑,扁,桃,体,,,下,缘,至,C1,段,,,与周,围,边界清,楚,大,小,约,3.5cm,3.3cm,3.2cm,,,色,白,,血,供,丰,富,,,沿肿瘤边,缘,水肿,带,分,离,,,用,棉,片,保,护,周,围组,织,,,完,整,切,除肿瘤,18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断意见1. 左侧小脑半球糖,9,左侧小脑肿瘤切除病理结果,小脑,肿瘤:,直径,2.5cm,组织,一堆,(小,脑肿瘤,),脑组,织,,,局,部颗,粒,层,小,神,经,细胞,减,少,,,大,神经细,胞灶性,增,生,,核,分,裂,少见,。,结,合,临,床,病史,及,影,像,学,检,查,,病变考,虑,为小,脑,发,育,不良,性,节,细,胞,瘤,可能,性,大,左侧小脑肿瘤切除病理结果小脑肿瘤:直径2.5cm组织一堆,10,讨论,和,相关资,料,复,习,本,例,患,者,因,反复头痛头晕,3,年,加重,1,周,就,诊,,,PET/CT,显像示,左,侧小脑,半,球糖代谢不均匀异常,增 高的肿块,,,结,合病史及本,院,M,R,影像特点,考,虑,小 脑,发,育,不良,性,神经节细胞,瘤,可能性大,本,病,例,特,点如下,:,a,、,中青年男性,b,、,起,病,缓,慢,,病程,长,c,、,MR,呈,典,型的“虎纹征,”,信号,d,、,PET/CT,呈,高代谢,讨论和相关资料复习本例患者因反复头痛头晕3年,加重1周就诊,,11,讨论,和,相关资,料,复,习,小,脑,发,育,不良性节细胞瘤,(,dysplastic,gangliocytoma,of,the,cerebellun,):,又称,Lhermitte-Duclos,LDD,病,,是,一,种,罕,见的,起自小脑皮,层,、,缓,慢进,展,为特征的占位性病变,,,WHO,分类为,良性,肿瘤,I,级,好,发,年,龄,:多见,于,中青年患,者,,,以,304,0,岁多见,,男性,较,为常,见,(如本例为,39,岁男性患者),LDD,常,合,并,多发性错构瘤综合征,(,Cowden,综合,征),,后,者,是,一,种,常染色体显性遗传性疾病,,,表现为,皮,肤,黏,膜丘,疹,、甲状腺和乳腺肿瘤、肠,息,肉等;也,有 伴,发,巨,颅、,多,指、舌肥大和骨性狮面等,畸,形,者,讨论和相关资料复习小脑发育不良性节细胞瘤(dysplasti,12,讨论和相关资料复习,临,床,症,状,:本,病,临床缓慢进,展,,早期多无症状,,,病 变,逐,渐,进展,引,起相应的临床症状,表现,为,颅内压增高,引起的头,痛,、,头晕、呕吐及颅神经麻痹,等,,,一部分患,者,可,出,现共,济,失调等小脑症,状,病,理,特,点,:,a,、表现,为,小脑皮层的局,限,性或弥漫性增厚,弥漫,性 水,肿,,,皮质,结,构紊乱,,,分子层增宽,蒲肯野细胞层缺,失,,正常,的,颗,粒层细胞数量减少,,,散在,分,布结构及,发 育,不,良,的神,经,元,瘤细胞呈簇状分,布,讨论和相关资料复习临床症状:本病临床缓慢进展,早期多无症状,,13,b,、,免,疫,组,化,特,点:,Sy,n,、,CgA,、,NSE,、,Neu,N,阳,性,,,支持肿瘤细胞为,神,经,元,起源,;,GFAP,阴性,,表,明,瘤细胞非神经胶质起源;,Ki-67%,标,记,指,数,1%,,,表,明,肿瘤无明显增殖活性,讨论和相关资料复习,b、免疫组化特点:讨论和相关资料复习,14,MR,影像表现,LDD,的,MR,表,现,具有特征,性,:,a,、在,T1WI,上,呈等、低信号条纹状结构,;,T2WI,上受,累,的,小,脑叶,片,皮质外层呈等或稍高信号,,,小脑叶,片 皮,层,内,侧部,分,和中央白质呈高信号,这,种,平行且,不 规,则,的,线条,状,信号被称,为,“虎纹征,”(,tiger- striped sign,),b,、增强后,不明显强,化,或者显示轻到中度的条状,强,化,MR影像表现LDD的MR表现具有特征性:,15,c,、,LDD,一,般,出现较明,显,的占位效应,,,四脑室及脑干,显,示,受,压改,变,,与病灶大小有关,病灶,较,大的甚,至 压,迫,小,脑出,现,小脑扁桃体下疝征,象,d,、,磁,共,振波普成像,(,MRS,),显示肿,瘤区,NAA,轻度,减低,,Ch,o,未见明显增高,,也未出现明显的,Lac,(乳,酸)峰及,Lip,(,脂,质,),峰,MR,影像表现,c、LDD一般出现较明显的占位效应,四脑室及脑干 显示受压改,16,患者男,,41,岁,;,A.T1WI,示右侧小脑半球及小脑蚓,部,占位,,,呈等、低信号条,纹状结构,,,四,脑室受压,;,B,C,T2WI,及,FLAIR,可,见,“虎纹,征,”,;,D.DWI,显示,病灶呈稍,高,信,号;,E.T1WI,增强示病,灶,呈条状轻,度,强,化,;,F.,病理,为,LDD,患者男,41岁;A.T1WI示右侧小脑半球及小脑蚓部占位,呈,17,PET/CT,影像表现,PET/CT,影像特征:,小脑,发育不,良,性,节,细,胞,瘤,在,PET/CT,影,像,上,表,现,为,FDG,摄 取增,加,呈,高,代谢,,,这,与,一般,良,性,肿,瘤,呈,阴性,或,低,代,谢不,相,符,(,少,见特,殊,类型,:,一些,低,级别,的,脑肿,瘤,也可,呈,高代,谢,表现,,如毛,细胞性,星,形细,胞,瘤,、,多形,性,黄,色,星,形,细胞,瘤,),原因分,析:可,能,与其,病,理,机,制,有,关,,高,代,谢,可能,与,病,理,中 小脑,脑叶异,常,内分,子,层,、,颗粒,层,内,发,育,不,良的,神,经,节,细胞,增 生,,导致,了,FD,G,摄取,增,加,,,反,映,了,发育,不,良,细,胞,的,葡萄,糖,代,谢异常,PET/CT影像表现PET/CT影像特征:,18,MR imaging.,T2-weighted,axial image reveals a mass,in,the left,cerebellum,(arrow): a,characteristic Tiger-striped appearance,“,Axial 18F-FDG PET/CT. (a) An early image obtained 1 h after injection reveals a high accumulation of glucose analog in the lesion.,The,maximum SUV in the lesion is 12.6, whereas that in a contralateral normal cerebellar hemisphere is 6.5. (b) A delayed image obtained 2 h after injection of FDG shows more increased uptake of the analog in the lesion. The maximum SUV at 2 h is 17.0 in the lesion, whereas that is 6.8 in a contralatera normal cerebellar hemisphere,Photomicrograph of the lesion. (a) Hematoxylin and eosin staining shows that an inner layer consists of swollen gangliocytes.,(b) An outer layer consists of glial cells and myelinated fibers that are positive for Luxol Fast Blue staining,患者男,,,67,岁,MR:T2WI,示左侧小脑 病变呈典型的,“,虎纹征,”,PET/CT,显像示左侧小脑病,变,呈,高代,谢,表现,,,SUVmax,为,12.6,,,延,时,1,小时后显像,病灶糖代谢进 一,步增加,,SUVmax,为,17.0,;,而对侧小脑糖代谢变化不明显,,,SUVmax,为,6.56.8,MR imaging. T2-weighted axial,19,A,Computed,tomography (CT),demonstrates,a,non- enhancing,low-density,mass,containing,calcification. T1-,(B),and T2- weighted,(C),axial imaging,show the,left cerebellar lesion,with,characteristic,tiger-striped,appearance and appearance,of,abnormal folia.,D T1-,weighted axial imaging,with,gadolinium enhancement,shows,slight enhancement,患者,,男,,,33,岁;,CT,显示,左,侧,小,脑,低,密度,肿,块,,,伴,钙化;,MR,示,病,变,呈,典,型,的,“,虎,纹,征,”,A Computed tomography (CT) de,20,A,FDG-PET,image,shows increased FDG,uptake,within the left cerebellar lesion. The FDG-PET,scan was performed 45 min after theintravenous administration of 285 MBq,18FDG.,B Fusion images of FDG-PET and contrasted,T1-,weighted MR image (see,text),同,一患,者,A,图,.PET,图,像,显示,病,变,呈,FDG,高,代,谢,B,图,.PET,与,T1WI,增强,MR,图像,的,融合图,病理结果,:,小,脑发育不良性节细胞,瘤,A FDG-PET同一患者A图.PET图像显示病变呈FDG高,21,鉴别诊断,LDD,需与,发,生,在小,脑,的肿,瘤,进行鉴别诊断,1,、,髓,母,细,胞,瘤,2,、,节,细,胞,胶质,瘤,3,、,星,形,细,胞,瘤,4,、,胚,胎,发,育不,良,性神经上,皮,肿瘤,鉴别诊断LDD需与发生在小脑的肿瘤进行鉴别诊断,22,小结,小脑发育不良性节细胞瘤,具有典型,的,M,R,影像学表现,,尤其是,“,虎,纹征,”,对,术,前正确诊断具,有,重要价值,,MRI,是临床诊断,LDD,的,首,选影像学检查方,法,PET/C,T,显像,反,映,了,小,脑发育不,良,性节细胞瘤,的,葡萄,糖,代,谢,异,常,,,体现,了,LDD,兼,有,肿瘤与非肿瘤的特,性,影像,学,检查,(,M,R,、,PET/CT,)有助于,确定,LD,D,病变,性质,,评,价,病变范围,及,继发,性,脑积水情况,,帮助术,前,制,定,手,术,计划确定,手,术范围并行术,后,规律性随访,小结小脑发育不良性节细胞瘤具有典型的MR影像学表现, 尤其是,23,
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