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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,情态动词学习六要素,一、注意情态动词的推测用法,推测性情态动词共有三个，其用法见表,情态动词,含义,适用句型,May/might,可能，或许,肯定句,Must,一定，必须,肯定句,Can/could,可能，或许,否定句，疑问句,例,1,：,-Are you coming to Jeffs party?-Im not sure.I _go to the concert instead.(NMET2000),A.mustB.would C.shouldD.might,析：选,D,。,Im not sure.,的语境表明把握性不大，当然我去参加音乐演奏会的可能性就比较小了，故不用,must,应用,might,例,2,：,-_the news be true?No,it_be true.,A.Can,cant B.May,cantC.May,may not D.Must,mustnt,析：选,A,。因为前半句是疑问句，后半句为否定句，两空都不能使用,may/might,和,must,，应而用,can,和,cant,。,二、了解情态动词的完成式用法,（一）,should/ought to have done,本来应做而未做，表达遗憾感情色彩,例,1,：,I told Sally how to get there,but perhaps I _for her.(NMET94),had to write it out,must have written it out,C.should have written it out,D.ought to write it out,析：,选,C,。分析语境可知，口头上告知,Sally,如何去那里是不够的，所以我本应书面告知，却有没书面告知之，显得应使用,should/ought to have written,表示遗憾之情。,例,2,：,I was really anxious about you,you_home without a word.(NMET2001),A.mustnt leave,B.shouldnt have left,C.couldnt have left,D.neednt leave,析,:,选,B,。,由语境可知，我真的为你担心，所以你不应该一句话不说就离开家，但实际上你确实这么做了，显然应填,shouldnt/ought to have left,，表示责备。,（二）,may/might have done,可能已做,must have done,一定已做,cant have done,不可能做,例,1,：,-Where is my pen?,-I _it.(NMET88),A.might lose B.wouldnt have lost,C.should have lost D.must have lost,例,2,：,The light in his room is still on,so he _ to bed.,A.mustnt have goneB.must have goneC.shouldnt have gone D.cant have gone,析：选,D,。由于他房间里的灯还亮着推测，他不可能已经上床睡觉了，应填,cant have gone,。,（三）,could have done,指本来能做而实际未做，表达遗憾的感情色彩,You could at least have sent five cards.,你至少可以寄,5,张明信片的。,四、熟悉情态动词委婉用法：,could,would,might,等情态动词均有委婉用法，它们不是过去式而是表示语气委婉、客气、礼貌，常用与疑问句，并多用于习惯表达，如,would you please,would you mind,would you like to,等，,might,还可以用于肯定句表示推测，表示可能性小，,might,和,could,表示征求对方意见时，回答必须还成,may,can.,will C.,例1：-Must I start at once?No,you_.,例1：-Are you coming to Jeffs party?-Im not sure.,I was really anxious about you,you_home without a word.,有些情态用于疑问句进行回答时，出现了异化现象，此时回答在某,分析语境可知，口头上告知Sally如何去那里是不够的，所以我本应书面告知，却有没书面告知之，显得应使用should/ought to have written表示遗憾之情。,Must,mustnt,（二）may/might have done可能已做must have done 一定已做cant have done不可能做,该句用can的委婉表达式could 来征求对方意见，could 和might通用，但回答时必须还成can或may，因此该题不选A.,I _go to the concert instead.,will/would,例,1,：,-Could I borrow your dictionary?Yes,of course you_.,A.mightB.will C.canD.should,析：选,C,。该句用,can,的委婉表达式,could,来征求对方意见，,could,和,might,通用，但回答时必须还成,can,或,may,，因此该题不选,A.,（一）should/ought to have done本来应做而未做，表达遗憾感情色彩,例1：-Are you coming to Jeffs party?-Im not sure.,例2：_you mind my smoking here?A.,有些情态用于疑问句进行回答时，出现了异化现象，此时回答在某,shouldnt have left,could,would,might等情态动词均有委婉用法，它们不是过去式而是表示语气委婉、客气、礼貌，常用与疑问句，并多用于习惯表达，如would you please,would you mind,would you like to等，might还可以用于肯定句表示推测，表示可能性小，might和could表示征求对方意见时，回答必须还成may,can.,cantD.,neednt leave,wouldnt have lost,例2：_you please help me with my English?A.,由语境可知，我真的为你担心，所以你不应该一句话不说就离开家，但实际上你确实这么做了，显然应填shouldnt/ought to have left，表示责备。,will C.,Will C.,need C.,mustnt leave,你至少可以寄5张明信片的。,例,2,：,_you mind my smoking here?,A.ShouldB Could C.MightD.Would,析：选,D,。征求对方意见我是否在这儿吸烟，语气理应委婉，所以应选委婉的表达方式,would you mind,来征求对方意见。,五、弄清情态动词的异化现象,有些情态用于疑问句进行回答时，出现了异化现象，此时回答在某,个角度不能继续使用该情态动词，而改用别的动词。,例,1,：,-Must I start at once?No,you_.,A.needntB.mustnt C.cantD.wont,析：,A,。由语境可知该答句表示“不必”，而,mustnt,表示“不准、禁止”，不符合语境，显然应使用,neednt,表示“不必”，但肯定句回答继续用,must,。,例,2,：,-Need I hand in my exercise book at once?Yes,you_.,A.mustB.need C.canD.will,析：选,A,。根据规定,need,用于一般疑问句作肯定回答应换成,must,而作否定回答时，使用,need,的否定式,neednt,。,六、掌握征求意见情态动词的回答,不少情态动词可用于疑问句征求对方意见，但人称上有时有特殊要求，请看下表：,（一）should/ought to have done本来应做而未做，表达遗憾感情色彩,该句用can的委婉表达式could 来征求对方意见，could 和might通用，但回答时必须还成can或may，因此该题不选A.,wouldnt have lost,由语境可知，我真的为你担心，所以你不应该一句话不说就离开家，但实际上你确实这么做了，显然应填shouldnt/ought to have left，表示责备。,例 2：-_the news be true?No,it_be true.,例1：-_I tell John about it?-No,you neednt.,May,may not D.,will C.,wouldnt have lost,你至少可以寄5张明信片的。,had to write it out,例2：_you mind my smoking here?A.,五、弄清情态动词的异化现象,情态动词,含义,征求意见使用人称,can/could,可以,各种人称,may/might,可以,各种人称,will/would,愿意,第二人称,shall,需要,第一、第三人称,must,必须,各种人称,need,需要,各种人称,例,1,：,-_I tell John about it?-No,you neednt.I have told him already.(NMET94),A.ShallB.Will C.CanD.May,析：选,A,。从回答句“,No,you neednt”,的语境可知，问句征求对方意见，表示“需要”而且用语第一人称，要使用,shall,。,例,2,：,_you please help me with my English?,A.WouldB.Do C.ShallD.Can,析：,A,。次句表示追求对方意见，有“愿意”之意，而且又用于地二人称，应选用,would,。,
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