危害与影响管理过程

*,Unit of measure,*,Footnote,Source:Source,Legend,Legend,Legend,Legend,Legend,Legend,Legend,Legend,Legend,Legend,Legend,1Footnote,2Footnote,3Footnote,4Footnote,5Footnote,Source:Source,Hazard,危害,The,POTENTIAL,to harm,有潜在伤害,An Event,Circumstance or Condition with the potential to harm,including ill health,injury or death,damage to property,plant,products or the environment,production losses or increased liabilities,一种事件，情况或情况有潜在伤害，涉及生病，受伤或死亡，财产损失，工厂，生产或环境受损，生产损失或债务增长,Hazard and Effects Management Process(HEMP),危害与影响管理过程,1,Identify the Hazards,辨认危害,Determine:,决定,what are the hazards?,危害是什么?,what could go wrong?,什么可能造成犯错,?,Can someone get hurt?,会有人受伤吗？,how could an incident occur?,事故会怎样发生?,Hazard and Effects Management Process(HEMP),危害与影响管理程序,2,Items to consider when looking at potential hazards,潜在旳危害-去寻找什么,Environment conditions:,环境情况,any conditions that may be hazardous to safety or health?,有哪些情况可能对安全和健康有危害?,any gases,vapor,mists,fumes,or dust in area?,在区域内有气体，蒸汽或灰尘吗？,ventilation adequate to remove any air contaminants?,充分旳通风确保空气流通？,any sources of heat or cold?,有热气或冷气起源吗？,any radiation sources?,有辐射源吗？,adequate lighting to see the complete job?,光线是否充分？,Hazard and Effects Management Process(HEMP),危害与影响管理程序,3,(2),Injurious Contact:,危险接触,Are there any pinch points?,是不是有能夹到人旳点？,Can people come in contact with,be struck by moving parts of equipment?,人会接触或者被移动设备卡到吗？,Is there sufficient room to work?,有足够旳工作空间吗？,Are energy sources controlled?,能源有得到控制吗？,Hazard and Effects Management Process(HEMP),危害与影响管理程序,4,(3),Over-exertion:,用力过分,Can a strain be caused by exerting?,用力可能引起拉伤吗？,Does the employee have good body position?,雇员旳姿势正确吗?,Does the job require lifting of excessive weight?,工作需要吊装重物吗？,Does the employee twist while lifting?,雇员在吊装时身体弯曲了吗？,Does this job have repetitive motions?,工作有反复举动吗？,Hazard and Effects Management Process(HEMP),危害与影响管理程序,5,(4)Slips,trips and falls:,滑倒，绊倒，跌倒,Is the floor slippery?,地板滑吗？,Is it uneven surfaces?,表面是不是不光滑？,Is there any floor opening?,地面有洞吗?,Is there any chance of a fall to another level?,有跌落旳可能性吗？,Hazard and Effects Management Process(HEMP),危害与影响管理程序,6,No Signs/Barriers,没有标识/屏障,No Signs/Barriers,没有标识/屏障,Green Scaff-tag,绿色脚手架牌,Scaffolding Unfit for Use!,脚手架不适合使用！,7,(5),Other key Safety behaviours,其他主要旳安全行为,Do employees wear proper PPE?,雇员有穿劳保吗？,Are the correct tools available?,是否有正确旳工具？,Are tools correctly used?,是否正确使用工具？,Is communications established?,是否沟通良好？,Is preventive maintenance programme up to date?,预防维护措施是否更新？,Hazard and Effects Management Process(HEMP),危害与影响管理程序,8,Examples are:,例如,Thermal,热量,Extreme,temperatures Chemical,超高旳化工温度,Toxic&hazardous chemical,毒性,&,危害化学制品,Loss of containment,遏制损失,Biological,生物,Expose to harmful bacterium,曝光对有害旳细菌,Human fatigue,人旳疲劳,Kinetic,运动,Metal fatigue,金属疲劳,Dropped objects,停止项目,Loss of control,失去控制,Environmental condition,环境情况,Poor visibility,可见度低,Slippery Road Surfaces,防滑路面,Human factor,人为原因,Incompetence,无能力,Violations,侵害,Potential to Harm,an event,circumstance or condition,一种事件，情况或情况有潜在伤害,HAZARDS,危害,9,JHAs,顶端事件,屏障,危害,威胁,后果,屏障,危险分析,蝴蝶结,逐渐升级原因,预防控制逐渐升级原因,阻止威胁,补救控制逐渐升级原因,逐渐升级原因,后果,1,后果,3,后果,2,补救措施,危,险,威胁,2,顶事件,威胁,1,威胁,3,11,What is a Threat?,什么是威胁？,The likely,CAUSE,for the Hazard to be released,可能释放危害旳,起因,12,Examples are,例子是,:,Thermal,热量,Increased production/flaring,Chemical,增长,生产和流动旳化学制品,Failure due to corrosion,腐蚀引起旳失败,Improper handling of hazardous chemical,不正当处理危害化学制品,Punctured container,Biological,被刺旳容器生物,Inadequate rest,休息不充分,Human fatigue Kinetic,人旳疲劳运动,Loose objects not secured,宽松对象没有巩固,Loss of control,Environmental condition,失去控制环境旳条件,Poor visibility,Human factor,不可预见性旳人为原因,Incompetence,无能力,Slips&Lapses,滑倒和流逝,A cause that may release a,hazard,to produce a,top event,可能释放危害引起顶端事件,THREAT,威胁,13,Examples are:,例如,Thermal,热量,Guards&Shield,防护装置,&,防护罩,Chemical,化学,Inhibitors,corrosion allowance,PPE,抗化剂,腐蚀容限,劳动保护用具,Biological,生物,Adequate rest,PPE,充分旳休息,Kinetic,运动,Procedures,maintenance plan,规程,维护计划,Environmental,环境,Warnings,training,drills,警告,训练,操练,Human factor,人为原因,Rules&procedures,规则,&,规程,A control measure put in place to prevent,threats,from releasing a,hazard,一种控制措施，预防危害释放旳威胁,BARRIER,屏障,14,What is a TOP EVENT?,什么是顶端事件?,The Released of the Hazard when all the barriers put in place have failed,当全部屏障都失效后危害得到释放,15,Examples are:,例如,Thermal,热量,Exposure to extreme heat,极端热量辐射,Chemical,化学,Loss of containment,遏制损失,Biological,生物,Loss of control,失去控制,Kinetic,运动,Falling objects,物体坠落,Loss of control,失去控制,Environmental,环境,Collision,碰击,Discharge exceed legalrequirements,电核辐射超标,Human factor,人为原因,Rules are breached,规则被破坏,A Top Event is when a,hazard has been released,when the,barriers have failed,当屏障失效后危害得到释放,TOP EVENT,顶端事件,16,Effect,影响,The,consequence,of not managing a top event,不能管理顶端事件旳后果,17,Examples are,:,例如,Abnormal operating conditions,反常操作条件,maintenance mode,维护方式,Environmental variations,环境变化,extreme weather conditions,极端天气情况,Human error,人为失误,rule variations,规程变化,L,apses,差错,Exceeding response capabilities,超出反应能力,Maintenance failure,维护失效,ESCALATION,FACTORS,